Gaza: ‘24 hours of electricity a day? This is beyond a dream for us’

Paddy Dowling
Tue, 24 January 2023 

Enas’s family of 10 live in a settlement near Beit Hanoun. Their electricity access varies from four to eight hours each day (Paddy Dowling)

Since 2007, Gaza has been sealed off from the world. Its 2.1 million residents living in a 40km (25 miles) ribbon of land on the Mediterranean coast, have endured no less than four wars.

The conflicts not only claimed the lives of thousands of civilians, but they also damaged vital infrastructure in the enclave, including Gaza’s Power Plant (GPP), targeted by Israeli airstrikes in 2006 and again in 2014, during its third war. The repercussions of these premeditated attacks still hamstring Gaza’s efforts to meet the electric demand in the strip today.

Illuminated by the tungsten fluorescence from her television, engrossed as she watches her favourite programme, Sobhia, 72, explains: “It is hard to imagine, but we used to experience 24 hours of electricity each day in Gaza; now we are lucky if we get six.”

Sobhia lives among the alleyways of Al-Shati refugee camp in a ground-floor flat. ‘In my senior years with decreased mobility, the TV has become my best friend, it’s all I have to look forward to’ (Paddy Dowling)


Omar, 32, and his friends are perched on the pavements near their homes in search of the night breeze. Occasionally they glance up from their mobile phones and watched the neighbourhood children playing football in the pitch-black streets, using only the headlights of passing cars.

“24 hours of electricity a day? This is beyond a dream for us. Gaza’s youth only know this life, without power. Especially in times of conflict when the Kerem Shalom border crossing closes, there is no fuel for the power station and this affects our homes, hospitals, schools, water and sewage treatment facilities. Everything”, they explain.

They return to studying their phones, their faces lit by the glow as they keep tabs on the world outside.

Omar and his friends barely remember Gaza ever having 24 hours of electricity (Paddy Dowling)

Electricity to the Gaza Strip originates from two sources, the Israeli electric company and from the fuel-dependent GPP, donated by Qatar Fund for Development. The Qatari government has pledged to build a liquefied natural gas pipeline from Israel into the Gaza Strip, with the EU funding €20m (£18m) in aid to complete the pipeline project’s extensions.

A home in Gaza City where the family live with around six hours of electricity each day (Paddy Dowling)

Children of Shati camp play football in the pitch-black streets and alleyways using only the headlights of passing cars (Paddy Dowling)

A toddler sleeps in an old car seat in a darkened room (Paddy Dowling)

The pipeline project is expected to ease the energy crisis in the strip. However, whether the output will keep pace with future demand in the enclave remains to be seen.

“The new pipeline will bring us the hope Gaza desperately needs. But creating enough supply is one challenge, being able to afford the electricity is another challenge entirely,” says Salah, 71, a retired fisherman from Gaza city.

Salah, like so many others, is in debt to the Gaza Electricity Distribution Company and cannot afford to repay it (Paddy Dowling)

Mains electricity from Gaza’s grid remains the most cost-effective source at £0.12 per KWh, when accessible. Alternatively, a private network line using a generator can typically cost eight times as much at £1 per KWh, which most families cannot afford.

“I still owe 76,000 new Israeli shekels (£19,700) in arrears for electricity that I will never be able to repay. I cannot afford to pay on account either. Therefore, with little choice, I am forced to access our electricity the ‘informal’ way, straight from the nearby mains,” Salah concludes.

An elderly lady sits near the entrance to her family home waiting for a breeze to cut through the relentless coastal humidity (Paddy Dowling)

Estimates indicate that at least 25 per cent of Gaza’s residents obtain their electricity through informal means.

Thomas White is head of United Nations Relief and Works Agency in the enclave. Speaking exclusively to The Independent, he says: “Gaza is now on life support, it is being left behind and the humanitarian crisis is getting worse each year.

Mahmoud, 18, stands motionless in the humidity of his family home in Beit Lahia (Paddy Dowling)

A family bathroom in an informal makeshift dwelling near Khan Younis (Paddy Dowling)

“There is no doubt that the approved pipeline will change the lives in Gaza for so many who are forced to live with a rolling blackout schedule of electricity. But with unemployment rates amongst the highest in the world and more than 80 per cent living below the poverty line, Gazans will undoubtedly continue to use negative coping mechanisms to keep their heads above the water line, including risking their lives to have free electricity.”

Enas, 40, lives in an informal settlement on the outskirts of Gaza City along with her husband. They are both unemployed and rely solely on UN emergency food parcels and a cash assistance programme ($100 per month to 100,000 families) to sustain themselves and their eight children.


The heating element resting on a bucket of water (Paddy Dowling)

“We cannot afford electricity so of course, like many, we risk our lives to take it informally,” she says, as she points to the numerous blackened and charred plastic plug sockets around the dwelling, as well as the soot stains from a past electrical fire that set the kitchen ablaze.

Enas untangles some well-used wires attached to a heating element, which she lowers into a bucket of water. It hisses and fizzes. She continues: “I realise how dangerous this is. I know that my children could lose their mother, but to have warm water in which to wash is the only time of the day we feel like human beings and not like animals.”

Lights out at 10pm. The only glow visible is from low wattage LEDs in residential units and shops powered by car batteries or, for the lucky few, generators or private networks (Paddy Dowling)

The cruel irony for Gazans living in the strip – in the absence of any political horizon, continued lack of investment and rising unemployment – is that despite their dreams and prayers, they will most likely never be able to afford the price of 24 hours of electricity a day.

Prices indicated are at time of writing