Thursday, January 19, 2023

Ontario doctors critical of COVID measures fail to stop medical college's disciplinary hearings

Story by Adrian Humphreys • National Post

Three doctors opposed to public health measures regarding COVID-19 failed to stop potentially practice-ending disciplinary hearings by the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons.


Dr. Mark Trozzi, Dr. Patrick Phillips and Dr. Crystal Luchkiw have all been vocal and public about their oppositional views to COVID, and pandemic restrictions.© Provided by National Post

An appeal by doctors Mark Trozzi, Patrick Phillips and Crystal Luchkiw, claiming the college is targeting “anti-vaxxers” and “anti-maskers,” and is unconstitutional, was rejected by a college tribunal.

They have also been unsuccessful in court.

The three Ontario physicians are well known for their vociferous opposition to COVID restrictions and are currently suspended from medical practice pending the outcome of disciplinary hearings.

Ontario Physicians and Surgeons Discipline Tribunal rejected their appeals Thursday.

The college accuses Trozzi, a doctor in Bancroft, of “professional misconduct by making misleading, incorrect or inflammatory statements about vaccinations, treatments and public health measures concerning COVID-19 through his email and online communications about the pandemic.”

Luchkiw, a doctor in Barrie, is accused of “professional misconduct by failing to cooperate with College investigations relating to her infection control practices, communications about COVID-19 and issuance of vaccine exemptions.”

Phillips, a doctor in rural Englehart, has a longer list of professional misconduct allegations.

He is accused of “making misleading, incorrect or inflammatory statements about vaccinations, treatments and public health measures for COVID-19; disclosing information from a College investigation, including posting such information online and failing to remove it when requested; and failing to cooperate with College investigations.

“The College alleges that he failed to maintain the standard of practice of the profession and engaged in disgraceful, dishonourable and unprofessional conduct in different aspects of his treatment of patients and public health reporting, that he engaged in unprofessional conduct and communications at his hospital workplace and also breached terms, conditions and limitations on his certificate of registration.”

The doctors reject the allegations.


The entrance to the College of Surgeons and Physicians of Ontario building in Toronto
.© Peter J. Thompson/

All three have been vocal and public about their oppositional views to COVID, and pandemic restrictions, appearing in videos and doing interviews.

Tozzi published a lengthy open letter on his now defunct website suggesting COVID-19 doesn’t really make people sick and saying it is a “great though evil strategy” by China.

“I have resigned all my hospital positions thus forfeiting my entire income. I have sold my house and greatly downscaled my family’s standard of living, while surviving on limited savings, and committed myself to do my part to help counter the criminal covid enterprise,” the letter said.

Phillips, a doctor in Englehart, had a large following on his Twitter account, which was suspended but recently re-instated after the social media company was purchased by Elon Musk.

The trio sought to have the college’s discipline committee to dismiss the cases without referring them to a merits hearing.

Their request was based on arguments of both administrative law (that the college didn’t have authority to launch their investigations) and constitutional law (that it breaches two rights: freedom of expression, and life, liberty or security of the person).

The tribunal said previous court decisions on similar complaints involving medical personnel and COVID restrictions — including court appeals by the three doctors — dealt with the administrative law arguments and rejected them, leaving the tribunal to follow suit.

As for the constitutional arguments, they are better handled at the actual disciplinary hearings rather than as a way to pre-emptively stop them, the tribunal said.

The doctors objected to the college’s statements to the profession about COVID-19. They argued the statements are guidelines not directives.

“The moving parties submit that together, the Statements amount to a direction that limits medical exemptions, curtails physician comments about COVID-19, targets ‘anti-vaxxers’ and ‘anti-maskers’ and impedes the discussion for informed consent of patients to the use of precautionary medications.”

The college did not disagree with that and said the misconduct allegations are not for breaching the statements but for other alleged actions.

The doctors also objected to the investigations being launched by the college’s registrar in the first place, calling it improper and a “fishing expedition.”

That issue was previously argued in court, without success.

“The investigations have in fact concluded,” the tribunal said in its decision, “and there is in fact no evidence that anything improper took place during the investigations.”

The constitutional argument was said to be a possibly applicable argument at a hearing but not at this appeal, as the arguments became “hypothetical” because the college agreed the COVID statements were guidelines not requirements.

Disciplinary hearing dates will now be scheduled.


Light shaped as a smoke ring behaves like a particle

Researchers report a new, highly unusual, structured-light family of 3D topological solitons, the photonic hopfions, where the topological textures and topological numbers can be freely and independently tuned

Peer-Reviewed Publication

SPIE--INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICS AND PHOTONICS

Light can be shaped into a structure resembling a twisted smoke ring. 

IMAGE: LIGHT CAN BE SHAPED INTO A STRUCTURE RESEMBLING A TWISTED SMOKE RING. view more 

CREDIT: Y. SHEN AND Z. ZHU.

We can frequently find in our daily lives a localized wave structure that maintains its shape upon propagation—picture a smoke ring flying in the air. Similar stable structures have been studied in various research fields and can be found in magnets, nuclear systems, and particle physics. In contrast to a ring of smoke, they can be made resilient to perturbations. This is known in mathematics and physics as topological protection. A typical example is the nanoscale hurricane-like texture of a magnetic field in magnetic thin films, behaving as particles—that is, not changing their shape—called skyrmions. Similar doughnut-shaped (or toroidal) patterns in 3D space, visualizing complex spatial distributions of various properties of a wave, are called hopfions. Achieving such structures with light waves is very elusive.

Recent studies of structured light revealed strong spatial variations of polarization, phase, and amplitude, which enable the understanding of—and open up opportunities for designing—topologically stable optical structures behaving like particles. Such quasiparticles of light with control of diversified topological properties may have great potential, for example as next-generation information carriers for ultralarge-capacity optical information transfer, as well as in quantum technologies.

As reported in Advanced Photonics, collaborating physicists from UK and China recently demonstrated the generation of polarization patterns with designed topologically stable properties in three dimensions, which, for the first time, can be controllably transformed and propagated in free space.

As a consequence of this insight, several significant advances and new perspectives are offered. “We report a new, very unusual, structured-light family of 3D topological solitons, the photonic hopfions, where the topological textures and topological numbers can be freely and independently tuned, reaching far beyond previously described fixed topological textures of the lowest order.” says Yijie Shen of University of Southampton in the UK, the lead author of the paper. “Our results illustrate the immense beauty of light structures. We hope they will inspire further investigations towards potential applications of topological protected light configurations in optical communications, quantum technologies, light–matter interactions, superresolution microscopy, and metrology.” says Anatoly Zayats, professor at King’s College London and project lead.

This work provides a theoretical background describing the emergence of this family of hopfions and their experimental generation and characterization, revealing a rich structure of topologically protected polarization textures. In contrast to previous observations of hopfions localized in solid-state materials, this work demonstrates that, counterintuitively, an optical hopfion can propagate in free space with topological protection of the polarization distribution. The robust topological structure of the demonstrated photonic hopfions upon propagation is often sought in applications.

This newly developed model of optical topological hopfions can be easily extended to other higher-order topological formations in other branches of physics. The higher order hopfions are still a great challenge to observe in other physics communities, from high-energy physics to magnetic materials. The optical approach proposed in this work may provide a deeper understanding of this complex field of structures in other branches of physics.

Read the Gold Open Access article by Y. Shen et al., “Topological transformation and free-space transport of photonic hopfions,” Adv. Photon. 5(1), 015001 (2023) doi 10.1117/1.AP.5.1.015001.

Approaching the terahertz regime


Room temperature quantum magnets switch states trillions of times per second

Peer-Reviewed Publication

UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO

Antiferromagnetic tunneling junction 

IMAGE: HIGH-RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IMAGE OF THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC JUNCTION SHOWING LAYERS OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS (LEFT). DIAGRAM SHOWING THE MATERIALS’ MAGNETIC PROPERTIES (RIGHT). view more 

CREDIT: ©2023 NAKATSUJI ET AL.

A class of nonvolatile memory devices, called MRAM, based on quantum magnetic materials, can offer a thousandfold performance beyond current state-of-the-art memory devices. The materials known as antiferromagnets were previously demonstrated to store stable memory states, but were difficult to read from. This new study paves an efficient way for reading the memory states, with the potential to do so incredibly quickly too.

You can probably blink about four times a second. You could say this frequency of blinking is 4 hertz (cycles per second). Imagine trying to blink 1 billion times a second, or at 1 gigahertz, it would be physically impossible for a human. But this is the current order of magnitude in which contemporary high-end digital devices, such as magnetic memory, switch their states as operations are performed. And many people wish to push the boundary a thousand times further, into the regime of a trillion times a second, or terahertz.

The barrier for realizing faster memory devices may be the materials used. Current high-speed MRAM chips, which aren’t yet so common as to appear in your home computer, make use of typical magnetic, or ferromagnetic, materials. These are read using a technique called tunneling magnetoresistance. This requires the magnetic constituents of ferromagnetic material to be lined up in parallel arrangements. However, this arrangement creates a strong magnetic field which limits the speed at which the memory can be read from or written to.

“We’ve made an experimental breakthrough that surpasses this limitation, and it’s thanks to a different kind of material, antiferromagnets”, said Professor Satoru Nakatsuji from the University of Tokyo’s Department of Physics. “Antiferromagnets differ from typical magnets in many ways, but in particular, we can arrange them in ways other than parallel lines. This means we can negate the magnetic field that would result from parallel arrangements. It’s thought that the magnetization of ferromagnets is necessary for tunneling magnetoresistance to read from memory. Strikingly, however, we found it’s also possible for a special class of antiferromagnets without magnetization, and hopefully it can perform at very high speeds.”

Nakatsuji and his team think that switching speeds in the terahertz range is achievable, and that this is possible at room temperature too, whereas previous attempts required much colder temperatures and did not yield such promising results. Though, to improve upon its idea, the team needs to refine its devices, and improving the way it fabricates them is key.

“Although the atomic constituents of our materials are fairly familiar — manganese, magnesium, tin, oxygen, and so on — the way in which we combine them to form a useable memory component is novel and unfamiliar,” said researcher Xianzhe Chen. “We grow crystals in a vacuum, in incredibly fine layers using two processes called molecular beam epitaxy and magnetron sputtering. The higher the vacuum, the purer the samples we can grow. It’s an extremely challenging procedure and if we improve it, we will make our lives easier and produce more effective devices too.”

These antiferromagnetic memory devices exploit a quantum phenomenon known as entanglement, or interaction at a distance. But despite this, this research is not directly related to the increasingly famous field of quantum computing. However, researchers suggest that developments such as this might be useful or even essential to build a bridge between the current paradigm of electronic computing and the emerging field of quantum computers.

###

Journal article: Xianzhe Chen, Tomoya Higo, Katsuhiro Tanaka, Takuya Nomoto, Hanshen Tsai, Hiroshi Idzuchi, Masanobu Shiga, Shoya Sakamoto, Ryoya Ando, Hidetoshi Kosaki, Takumi Matsuo, Daisuke Nishio-Hamane, Ryotaro Arita, Shinji Miwa & Satoru Nakatsuji. Octupole-driven magnetoresistance in an antiferromagnetic tunnel junction”, Naturehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05463-w

Funding:
This work was partially supported by the JST-Mirai Program (no. JPMJMI20A1), the ST-CREST Program (nos. JPMJCR18T3, JST-PRESTO and JPMJPR20L7) and JSPS KAKENHI (nos. 21H04437 and 22H00290).

Useful links:
Department of Physics - https://www.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/

Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute - https://tsqi.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/tsqi/en/

Research contact:
Professor Satoru Nakatsuji - satoru@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo,
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

Press contact:
Mr Rohan Mehra
Public Relations Group, The University of Tokyo,
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
press-releases.adm@gs.mail.u-tokyo.ac.jp

About The University of Tokyo
The University of Tokyo is Japan's leading university and one of the world's top research universities. The vast research output of some 6,000 researchers is published in the world's top journals across the arts and sciences. Our vibrant student body of around 15,000 undergraduate and 15,000 graduate students includes over 4,000 international students. Find out more at www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/ or follow us on Twitter at @UTokyo_News_en.

Analyzing sweat via microelectronic fibers for non-invasive health monitoring

Peer-Reviewed Publication

TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

Figure 1 

IMAGE: THE MICROELECTRONIC FIBERS FABRICATED BY THE THERMAL DRAWING PROCESS AND ITS FABRICS FOR SWEAT SENSING. view more 

CREDIT: JINGXUAN WU ET AL.

Imagine if a t-shirt could analyze sweat, potentially alerting the wearer to any health abnormalities. Well, this is now closer to reality thanks to a research group's recent innovation.

Fibers and fabrics are ever-present in our daily lives, and their origins are intertwined with the history of human civilization. Although centuries of human progression have unfolded, much remains unchanged for fibers and fabrics.

Yet recent advancements in the multi-material fiber drawing process have ushered in a new era of multifunctional, fiber-based smart fabrics.

Smart fabrics allow for the seamless integration of electronics, optics, biosensors, and mechanics into a thin strand of fiber that is intrinsically flexible and as thin as a human hair. These fabrics can then be used to monitor vital physiological signals related to our mental and physical health status.

Dr. Yuanyuan Guo, assistant professor at Tohoku University's Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, led a team of researchers to develop a microelectronic fiber with microscopic parameters that is capable of analyzing electrolytes and metabolites in sweat. Its micrometer scale allows it to be woven into clothes for healthcare applications.

To produce the fiber, the group leveraged the versatile thermal drawing process, where heat is applied to draw out micro-structured fiber from its macroscopic preform. The team also patterned on two sensing electrodes for sodium and uric acid on the longitudinal surface of the fiber.

"Our breakthrough is the first successful attempt at using thermally drawn fiber in wearable bioelectronics for monitoring biochemical signatures," says Guo.

Although mainstream photolithography and printing technology have enabled wearable electronics, doing so often entails attaching fairly rigid electronic patches to existing fabrics or directly on the skin, leading to only a small area of the body being covered.

"Since most developments so far could not be considered clothes, we devoted our effort to transforming fiber, to make truly wearable smart fabric," adds Guo.

The fiber could lead to fiber-based smart clothes that provide greater versatility in functions, larger sensing areas, and greater comfort. The team believes that their developed smart fabric could revolutionize the textile and healthcare industries, benefiting human society at large.

Graduate student Jingxuan Wu was the leading author of the research work, and it was published in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry on January 9, 2022.

The microelectronic fibers woven into textiles.

Korea Maritime and Ocean University researchers lay out strategies for up-scaling of bioelectrochemical systems

Researchers summarize effective strategies to up-scale and commercialize bioelectrochemical systems for recovering valuable resources from waste organic matter.

Peer-Reviewed Publication

NATIONAL KOREA MARITIME AND OCEAN UNIVERSITY

Scaling-up of bioelectrochemical systems for industrial applications. 

IMAGE: RESEARCHERS FROM KMOU HAVE PUBLISHED A STUDY REVIEWING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES AND THE NEED FOR NORMALIZATION OF PERFORMANCE INDICES THAT CAN HELP IN THE UP-SCALING OF BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS, TAKING US ONE STEP CLOSER TO THE PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES. view more 

CREDIT: DR. DIPAK A. JADHAV FROM KMOU, KOREA

Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) have recently emerged as a tool for recovering bioenergy and bio-resource from organic waste matter. This can help with long-term energy generation during wastewater treatment. METs, commonly expressed as bioelectrochemical systems (BES), offer maximum resource and energy recovery with minimum energy investment. However, there is currently a mismatch between expectations and actual progress in BES technologies due to a lack of reproducible and statistical data, which hinders their scalability and, in turn, commercialization.

Set against this backdrop, an international team of researchers, led by Dr. Dipak Jadhav and Prof. Kyu-Jung Chae from Korea Maritime and Ocean University (KMOU), has now published a study in Bioresource Technology Journal addressing this issue. The study was made available online on September 10, 2022, and was published in Volume 363 of the journal in November 1, 2022.

“For industrial applications, the scaling up of bioelectrochemical system is an important concern before moving ahead with their commercialization. Our study provides strategies that can be adopted to achieve this end,” explains Dr. Jadhav. “Such a technology will be a value addition for the recovery of resources including biohydrogen, electricity, industrial chemicals.” On this front, a review of recent research revealed the need for a systematic rethinking of net energy recovery, resource yield, and current production, with a focus on sustainability and energy marketability, for the scaling-up of METs.

The most important need identified was the standardization of performance indices, which helps assess the performance of various BES. Additionally, the team proposed a single frame for normalization methods to allow for precise data comparison to existing treatments. These technological implementations, the study suggests, will effectively address the existing concerns with BES. This, in turn, would help attract the business market, stakeholders, and investors, paving the way for their commercialization. “We expect that, based on our highlighted strategies for up-scaling BES technologies, we can harness their potential for resource recovery by converting the chemical energy of wastewater into valuable resources during on-site treatment at an efficiency that is comparable with conventional methods,” concludes an optimistic Prof. Kyu-Jung Chae.

And we hope his visions are not far from being realized!

 

***

 

Reference

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127935 

Authors: Dipak A. Jadhav1, 2, Ashvini D. Chendake3, Vandana Vinayak4, Abdulaziz Atabani5, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem6, 7, 8, Kyu-Jung Chae1, 2, 

Affiliations:        

1Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University

2Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University

3Department of Agricultural Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology

4Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University

5Alternative Fuels Research Laboratory (AFRL), Department of Mechanical Engineering

6Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah

7Center for Advanced Materials Research, University of Sharjah

8Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University

 

About  

South Korea’s most prestigious university for maritime studies, transportation science and engineering, the National Korea Maritime & Ocean University is located on an island in Busan. The university was established in 1945 and since then has merged with other universities to currently being the only post-secondary institution that specializes in maritime sciences and engineering. It has four colleges that offer both undergraduate and graduate courses.

Website: http://www.kmou.ac.kr/english/main.do

 

About the authors

Prof. Kyu-Jung Chae is a full Professor of Environmental Engineering at Korea Maritime and Ocean University (KMOU), Korea. Before joining KMOU, he completed his PhD in Environmental Engineering at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Korea. He has spent over 21 years working in both academia and the industry. His understanding of real needs in both fundamental and practical environmental research stems from his balanced experience. He has 127 articles and 6235 citations credited to him.

Dr. Dipak Ashok Jadhav is a researcher in the field of bioelectrochemistry invited through the Brain Pool project. He received his M.Tech & PhD in Water Management from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in West Bengal, India. His research interests lie in microbial fuel cells, microbial electrolysis cells, and biological wastewater treatment systems. He has 66 articles and 1337 citations credited to him.

Constructor University professor publishes outstanding psychological research paper

Peer-Reviewed Publication

JACOBS UNIVERSITY BREMEN GGMBH

A plea to demystify measurement equivalence – Constructor University Professor Klaus Boehnke recently published an article in the renowned journal American Psychologist 

IMAGE: KLAUS BOEHNKE, PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL SCIENCE METHODOLOGY AT CONSTRUCTOR UNIVERSITY IN BREMEN, PLEADS FOR MORE FAIRNESS IN COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES. view more 

CREDIT: CONSTRUCTOR UNIVERSITY

Klaus Boehnke, Professor of Social Science Methodology at Constructor University in Bremen, pleads for more fairness in comparative psychological studies. In his recently published article, he sheds light on how uncritically transferring the procedures of the Western world to other regions in comparative cultural studies distorts reality.

According to Boehnke, Anglo-American methodology dominates quantitative psychology but fails to extensively acknowledge cultural differences: As an example, he quotes a cross-cultural questionnaire to measure paternal warmth. “There is of course a huge difference in how paternal warmth is shown in Scandinavia or in Zimbabwe,” said Boehnke. However, different forms of affection are not being extensively recognized when only using Western survey tools, which might consequently lead to the false assumption that an African father is less affectionate.

While there are standard procedures for applying psychological research tools in different cultural contexts, they appear insufficient. In his recently published essay “Let’s compare apples and oranges” the scientist presents a method meeting strict mathematical and statistical criteria, as well as recognizing cultural aspects and allowing comparison of the results in an intercultural context. “My aim is to better include non-Western cultures in our scientific tools,” Boehnke explained.

The essay was published as part of the award Boehnke received for his “Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology” by the American Psychological Association (APA), the biggest psychology organization worldwide. He was invited to submit an article on a topic of his choice to be published in the renowned journal American Psychologist.

www.constructor.university

Most people see insects as an alternative and sustainable source of food for the future

A study by the UOC's FoodLab research group identifies the parameters that contribute to improving acceptance of insect consumption

Peer-Reviewed Publication

UNIVERSITAT OBERTA DE CATALUNYA (UOC)

The environtmental footprint of insects vs. meat 

IMAGE: THE ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT OF INSECTS VS. MEAT (UOC/INT. J. ENVIRON. RES. PUBLIC HEALTH 2022, 19, 11653) view more 

CREDIT: UOC//INT. J. ENVIRON. RES. PUBLIC HEALTH

Most people (58%) participating in a survey that forms part of a study by the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) on insect consumption believe that they could become an alternative and sustainable source of protein in the future and therefore think that they could well become part of our diet. The results of the study Consumers' Acceptability and Perception of Edible Insects as an Emerging Protein Source have been published on an open access basis in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. The study forms part of the doctoral thesis by Marta Ros, a student of the UOC doctoral programme in the Information and Knowledge Society.

The study had the mission of identifying parameters that would help improve acceptance of insect consumption to be in a position to introduce them as a sustainable source of protein in future diets. Its authors are Marta Ros, doctoral student and member of the UOC's Faculty of Health Sciences, and Anna Bach and Alicia Aguilar, faculty members and researchers at the FoodLab research group.

Even though entomophagy – the consumption of insects as a foodstuff by humans and animals – was common practice amongst our ancestors, from ancient China to the Roman Empire, it was abandoned a long time ago (although it still takes place in countries like China, Thailand, Japan, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Brazil and in some parts of Africa).

 

The health benefits of consuming edible insects

In light of the rapid exhaustion of natural resources, climate change and the loss of biodiversity, since 2013 the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been highlighting the need to review modern food science practices to increase the trade in and consumption and acceptance of insects as a source of food. A number of studies have shown the positive impact that eating insects has on human and animal health.

In animals, studies show positive outcomes for weight control, reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and increasing microbiota diversity. The fats edible insects contain are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can have benefits in feeding. Studies in humans show that edible insects help improve intestinal health, reduce systemic inflammation and significantly increase blood concentrations of amino acids.

 

Most people have never eaten insects

The UOC study is based on the responses of 1,034 people who participated in a survey on insect consumption. The vast majority, 86%, stated that they had never eaten insects, and only 13% said that they had. The chief reason given for not eating insects was disgust (38%), followed by lack of custom (15%), doubts around food safety (9%) and cultural reasons (6%), amongst others.

This reluctance to consume insects is also shown when survey recipients were asked to consider whether they would be prepared to include them in their normal diet. Only 16% said they would, whilst 82% answered that they would not. The majority, 71%, also stated that they would not cook insects at home, whilst 28% said they would. Asked whether they would offer dishes containing insects at a restaurant, 73% said no, whilst 25% responded positively. The majority (81% in this case) believed that the general public would not be receptive to dishes with insects, whilst 16% thought that it would.

 

A positive outlook for the future

Despite this rejection, under certain conditions, opinions on eating insects improve. In fact, figures indicate that almost 50% of respondents believed that having information on insects' potential as sustainable food would encourage their consumption, whilst 48% did not. Optimism for the future is clearly shown when asked whether insect consumption could become a practice in the future. A clear majority, 58%, responded positively, whilst 38% gave a negative response.

Most respondents indicated that the way in which insects are prepared for consumption is important in attracting consumers. More specifically, 70% of respondents held that a preparation that did not reveal the insects' natural shape would make them easier to consume. On the other hand, 10% believed that insects would be more attractive to consumers if their natural appearance could be seen. By far the most popular format amongst respondents was flour (23%), followed by biscuits (6%) and bars (5.8%).

The study has identified the parameters that could improve consumer acceptance of insects with a view to introducing them as a sustainable source of protein in future diets. The responses have assisted in studying the areas associated with acceptability: neophobia, social norms, familiarity, consumer experiences and understanding of benefits. The study's authors highlight how men seem to be more open to eating insects than women and note that the age range most receptive to trying them is between 40 and 59.

 

An alternative given the increase in population up to 2050

The considerable increase in the world's population forecast for the years up to 2050 due to improved living conditions in most countries calls for a search for alternative sources of protein. The increased costs of producing animal proteins and growing environmental pressures in agriculture and livestock farming have led to a search for productive alternatives and innovative techniques for obtaining foods that take into account the nutritional, environmental and sociocultural aspects of food sustainability.

The use of insects as a food for human consumption, notes the UOC study, could meet these demands and prove to be a valid strategy for improving food security around the world. It should be borne in mind that insects can grow in organic remains (acting as bioconverters), take up less space and produce fewer greenhouse gases. For example, comparing the production of insects with that of beef, greenhouse gases are cut by 95% and energy consumption by 62%. The potential benefits of edible insects, and more specifically those impacting the planet's health, have been more broadly tackled in the article Edible Insect Consumption for Human and Planetary Health: A Systematic Review, whose authors include some of those penning the study on acceptance of their consumption.

 

 

This UOC research helps foster Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3, Good Health and Well-being, and 12, Responsible Production and Consumption.

 

 

Reference papers:

Ros-Baró, M.; Sánchez-Socarrás, V.; Santos-Pagès, M.; Bach-Faig, A.; Aguilar-Martínez, A. Consumers' Acceptability and Perception of Edible Insects as an Emerging Protein Source. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 202219, 15756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315756

Ros-Baró, M.; Casas-Agustench, P.; Díaz-Rizzolo, D. A.; Batlle-Bayer, L.; Adrià-Acosta, F.; Aguilar-Martínez, A.; Medina, F. X.; Pujolà, M.; Bach-Faig, A. Edible Insect Consumption for Human and Planetary Health: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 202219, 11653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811653

 

UOC R&I

The UOC's research and innovation (R&I) is helping overcome pressing challenges faced by global societies in the 21st century by studying interactions between technology and human & social sciences with a specific focus on the network society, e-learning and e-health.

Over 500 researchers and 51 research groups work in the UOC's seven faculties, its eLearning Research programme and its two research centres: the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3) and the eHealth Center (eHC).

The university also develops online learning innovations at its eLearning Innovation Center (eLinC), as well as UOC community entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer via the Hubbik platform.

Open knowledge and the goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development serve as strategic pillars for the UOC's teaching, research and innovation. More information: research.uoc.edu.