Saturday, August 12, 2023

K2 porters tread the line between tradition and modernity

AFP Published August 12, 2023 
A porter hikes past K2, carrying gas stoves, live chickens and even lawn furniture for adventurers seeking an audience with the world’s second-highest peak.

URDUKAS CAMP: Under mountains that dagger the sky, a misfit caravan of Pakistani porters trudge towards K2 toting live chickens and lawn furniture for adventurers seeking an audience with the world’s second-highest peak.

It’s a dozen-day round trip, some 270,000 burdened steps in lopsided plastic loafers, tie-dye headbands and leopard-print pyjamas, climbing to a glacial perch under one of the most awing sights on Earth — the apex of the Karakorams 8,611 metres (28,251 feet) above.

Pakistan’s dragging economy spurs them into this risk, even as it drains the rewards. The wilderness is shrinking with the creeping advance of roads, promising safer routes but less work. The mountains romance their souls, even as the peaks and troughs punish their bodies.

Seven decades after K2’s first summit, the hardscrabble lives of the men shouldering expeditions up to such great heights are at a crossroads.


“I love the mountains,” says 28-year-old Yasin Malick, tasked with ferrying a crate of 180 eggs for a tour group joined by AFP journalists.

“My paternal grandfather, maternal uncle, father were all in this line of work,” he explains. “Now it’s my turn.” Yet in the same breath, he pledges the tradition won’t pass to younger generations: “I will carry loads till the day I die but I will not let them carry it.”

Different worlds

Tour operators typically quote between $2,000 and $7,000 for the trip starting in Askole — a village in the Gilgit-Baltistan region where jeeps end their muddling journeys and spill trekkers sporting neck pillows and parasols, as well as more hardbred mountain-climbers.

Porters — doing the dogsbody work carting luggage, dining tents and pantries of provisions — make something like Rs30,000 to Rs40,000 ($105 to $140) each trip in the four-month summer season, less than the price of high-end hiking trousers one firm recommends clients wear.

Over the past year, the purchasing power of that meagre wage has ebbed, with inflation standing at 28 per cent in July, as Pakistan came to the cusp of default before an IMF intervention offered some paltry relief.

“Now with this job, I’m finding it difficult to pay for household necessities,” said 42-year-old Sakhawat Ali. “I don’t have a choice but to come here and work hard.” But his tone lifts irresistibly as he describes the mountains.

“They each have different colours which allows me to witness different worlds,” he says.

Porters — all male, spread from young adulthood to pensionable age — report carrying up to 35 kilograms on the 2,000-metre ascent, much crammed in blue chemical storage drums lashed to metal backpack frames.

On the odyssey to Basecamp, hikers take a sauntering pace, pausing for picnics, as porters power ahead at sunrise on spartan diets of chai and chapati after a night under plastic sheet shelters.

Mules also carry a large share of the cargo and their desiccated corpses litter the half-formed trails.

“Sometimes it’s cold, sometimes it’s raining, sometimes the weather is harsh,” said porter Khadim Hussain.

“Young age has no match,” the 65-year-old says. “I wasn’t afraid of anyone, anything — there was no fear.”

“My age is not the same now: my age has passed.”

Published in Dawn, August 12th, 2023


K2 Climbers Criticized Over Continuing Ascent After Finding Dying Porter

One of the climbers, Kristin Harila, said she continued her summit of the mountain after finding a porter who fell from a cliff and later died.

Kristin Harila and her guide, Tenjin Sherpa, in Kathmandu, Nepal, this month.
Credit...Niranjan Shrestha/Associated Press

By Chris Cameron
Aug. 12, 2023Updated 5:20 p.m. ET


A Norwegian climber defended her decision to continue a record-breaking series of climbs last month after encountering an injured porter who later died during her ascent of K2, the second-highest mountain in the world.

The climber, Kristin Harila, became one of the two fastest people — along with her guide, Tenjin Sherpa — to ascend all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter mountains in three months and just under a day, surpassing what was already considered an exceptional record of six months and six days set by the Nepalese climber Nirmal Purja in 2019.

But two other climbers who were on the mountain on that day, July 27, said that Ms. Harila, her team and other climbers ignored an injured man — Muhammad Hassan, a 27-year-old father of three from Pakistan — because they wanted to reach the summit rather than abandon their climb to attempt a rescue.



Mr. Hassan fell from a particularly dangerous stretch of the climbing trail on K2 known as the bottleneck and later died.

“There was no rescue mission,” Wilhelm Steindl, an Austrian climber who provided video footage of other climbers stepping over Mr. Hassan on the narrow mountain path, said in an interview with Sky News. “Seventy mountaineers stepped over a living guy who needed big help at this moment, and they decided to keep on going to the summit.”

The authorities in Pakistan’s Gilgit-Baltistan region, where a portion of the mountain is located, identified Mr. Hassan as a “high-altitude porter.” They said they were investigating whether “adequate efforts were made to rescue” Mr. Hassan, whom Ms. Harila said was part of another team.

The authorities said they would examine the conditions of Mr. Hassan’s climbing gear and “ascertain who authorized him to climb with equipment that might have been insufficient for such high-altitude expeditions and his level of experience.”

People frequently die summiting the tallest mountains in the world, including Mount Everest and K2. The treks are so dangerous that the bodies of fallen climbers are sometimes left behind, and some are never recovered.

Weather conditions on K2 the day of Mr. Hassan’s death were so severe that many climbers, including Mr. Steindl, turned back.

In an interview with The Associated Press, Mr. Steindl said that Mr. Hassan could have been saved if Ms. Harila and others had abandoned their climb.

“There is a double standard here,” Mr. Steindl said. “If I, or any other Westerner, had been lying there, everything would have been done to save them. Everyone would have had to turn back to bring the injured person back down to the valley.”

Ms. Harila said in a statement on her website that she and her team did everything they could to save Mr. Hassan. She added that “it is truly tragic what happened, and I feel very strongly for the family.”

Ms. Harila said she and her team spent hours trying to rescue Mr. Hassan after discovering him hanging upside down from a rope after he had fallen off the cliff.

Ms. Harila also said that Mr. Hassan seemed to be “not properly equipped” to climb the 28,251-foot-tall mountain, noting that he had no gloves, no oxygen mask and no down suit when they found him.

In Ms. Harila’s account, a group of Sherpas ahead of them told her that they were turning around, and “as we understood it that meant there was more help going to Hassan.”

Another member of Ms. Harila’s team who helped to pull Mr. Hassan back on the trail gave him his own oxygen, Ms. Harila said, and stayed with him until the team member himself began to run out of oxygen.



“We decided to continue forward as too many people in the bottleneck would make it more dangerous for a rescue,” she said. “Considering the amount of people that stayed behind and that had turned around, I believed Hassan would be getting all the help he could, and that he would be able to get down.”

She added that her team passed Mr. Hassan again on the way down. By then, he was dead but her team was “in no shape” to recover the body, she said.

“You need six people to carry a person down, especially in dangerous areas,” Ms. Harila said. “However, the bottleneck is so narrow that you can only fit one person in front and one behind the person being helped. In this case, it was impossible to safely carry Hassan down.”

Experienced mountaineers have complained in recent years that overcrowded mountain paths in Nepal — with too many inexperienced climbers — have contributed to avoidable deaths.

Climbing guides are also increasingly leaving the industry, driven off by the dangers of the job and a scant safety net for the families of those guides who die or who are left disabled.

In June, Gelje Sherpa and other guides rescued a Malaysian climber on Mount Everest at an elevation nearly as high as K2’s peak, abandoning their own climb and



RIP
The Kinks pay tribute to ex-keyboardist John Gosling, dead at 75

Posted Sun 6 Aug 2023 
The Kinks pose for a group portrait in 1973 in Amsterdam, Netherlands with John Gosling, pictured far left.(Getty Images: Gijsbert Hanekroot/Redferns)


John Gosling, former Kinks keyboard player, had died at age 75.

The cause of death has not been disclosed.

Key points:John Gosling was part of the famous English rock band between 1970 and 1978
He contributed to The Kinks' smash hit Lola in his first year with the band
The Kinks' members shared their tributes in an Instagram post


Gosling was part of the famous English rock band between 1970 and 1978, appearing on ten albums and contributing to smash hit Lola.

Lola was released in his first year with the band and was No.1 in New Zealand, Belgium and Netherlands.

The song charted as No.2 in the UK and No.4 in Australia and most recently, ranked No.386 on the 2021 Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list.

During the recording of the song, Gosling played on the baby grand piano, which is known to produce less volume and have sharper overtones than a grand piano.

The Kinks have sold 50 million records worldwide. Other top hits from the band includes You Really Got Me, Sunny Afternoon, Waterloo Sunset and All Day and All of the Night.

Gosling also played on Apeman — the follow-up single to Lola — which was a top-10 hit in Australia, the UK and New Zealand in 1971.
Life after The Kinks

Gordon Edwards of Pretty Things replaced Gosling on keyboards after he left the band.

It was a brief stint before Ian Gibbons took over and remained with The Kinks until they disbanded in 1997.

In 1994, Gosling founded the Kast Off Kinks which included former band members from The Kinks such as John Dalton and Jim Rodford.

He remained in the band until his retirement in 2008.

THE ORIGINAL DRAG / TRANSVESTITE SONG


YOUTUBE  Lola official MV


Band members took their tributes online

The Kinks announced Gosling's death on the band's official social media accounts.

"We are deeply saddened by the news of the passing of John Gosling. We are sending our condolences to John's wife and family," they wrote in an Instagram post.

The post also included messages from the different members of the band.

Lead vocalist and songwriter Ray Davies kept his tribute simple and thoughtful. He wrote:


"Condolences to his wife Theresa and family. Rest in Peace dearest John."

Whereas his brother Dave Davies, who is also the band's lead guitarist and backing vocalist took the opportunity to pour his heart out. He wrote:


"I'm dismayed deeply upset by John Gosling's passing. He has been a friend and important contributor to the Kinks music during his time with us. Deepest sympathies to his wife and family. I will hold deep affection and love for him in my heart always. Great musician and a great man."

Drummer and percussionist Mick Avory adored Gosling's talent and humour and was sure to make it known. He wrote:


"Today we lost a dear friend and colleague, he was a great musician and had a fantastic sense of humour… which made him popular member of the band, he leaves us with some happy memories. God Bless him….
Posted updated 
Column: If the Maui fires don't wake up Americans to the climate emergency, nothing will

Mary McNamara
Fri, August 11, 2023 

Homes and buildings burned to the ground in Lahaina along the Pacific Ocean in the aftermath of wildfires in western Maui, Hawaii. A terrifying wildfire that left a historic Hawaiian town in charred ruins has killed at least 55 people, authorities said on Aug. 10, 2023, making it one of the deadliest disasters in the state's history. 
(Patrick T. Fallon / AFP via Getty Images)


For the record:
3:46 p.m. Aug. 11, 2023: An earlier version of this story stated that a 150-year-old banyan tree had been burnt to ash; it was scorched but is still standing.



Will the devastating fires on Maui serve as a wake-up call for Americans and our foot-dragging political leaders about the climate emergency?

If they don't, one fears nothing ever will.

This week, the deadly combination of flash drought and an offshore hurricane — both increasingly common conditions as global temperatures rise — produced a catastrophic fire that destroyed the historic city of Lahaina.

In what Hawaii Gov. Josh Green called the worst natural disaster in Hawaii’s history, at least 67 are dead and more than 1,000 are missing.

Homes, hotels, churches, temples, museums and historic buildings have been reduced to ash, displacing thousands of surviving residents and sending hundreds of tourists back to their home states, thankful to be alive.

As terrible as the numbers and images emerging from the fire have been, it would be disingenuous to call them shocking. Climate change-related death tolls and community devastation have become horrifyingly common. In recent years, wildfires have ravaged Western states and their residents; increasingly strong storm patterns have pounded the East and the South; and deadly “heat domes” have clamped over the Southwest and Midwest.

As scientists of every climate and meteorological stripe have been telling us for years, catastrophic weather is a byproduct of rising temperatures caused by human-made emissions and, failing swift and resolute intervention, it is only going to get worse.

Yet even as people burn, drown, die from heat or falling debris, even as this country continues to lose homes, landmarks, communities and businesses, industry leaders and elected officials continue to use “climate change” as a political football.

Read more: Shocking before-and-after images show utter devastation of Maui wildfire

Environmental disaster in blue states was seen, by some, as proof that “liberal” attempts to control emissions have failed, and in red states as proof of “conservative” willingness to sacrifice the future rather than admit error or spend money.

All of which allows too many of us to ignore the one thing that unites us all: the need to lower human-made emissions before the Earth becomes uninhabitable.

Maybe Maui will finally change our minds.

Even in our increasingly hostile political environment, Hawaii remains common ground: Everyone loves Hawaii, Maui in particular; it is this country’s island paradise.

Invariably topping popular U.S. tourist destinations, it is the site of weddings, honeymoons and family vacations that span generations. Like many of their class and generation, my grandparents never traveled anywhere, but after scrimping and saving they did, finally, make it to Hawaii.

Photos of those homes, hotels, churches, temples and historic buildings now smoldering in Lahaina still live in photo albums (physical and digital) across the country. How many people have kissed their beloved, embraced far-flung relatives or held squirming kids still for a picture beneath the 150-year-old banyan tree now standing scorched amid the rubble.?

Californians may mourn the charred Joshua tree, Floridians the loss of Fort Myers Beach and Sanibel Island. But Maui, even more than Yosemite and its redwoods, is a beloved part of the cultural imagination. To mainlanders, Hawaii means escape; a place of shared memory and aspiration, its name immediately evokes lush foliage, white sands and blue water. Oprah has a home there, and she could have a home anywhere.

If this tropical island paradise, where so many of us have some of our best memories, can burn, how can anywhere be safe?

It can’t.

Read more: Chaos and terror: Failed communications left Maui residents trapped by fire. Scores died

The Hawaii of our memory and imagination no longer exists and, frankly, has not for a while. The state, which has the highest cost of living in the country, has struggled for years with the ever-increasing demands of tourism. Shut down in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, Hawaii reopened its borders in 2021; the tourist rush that ensued left many residents begging mainlanders to stay away.

Pandemic aside, tourism in general inevitably puts environmentally damaging pressure on overly visited spots, causing pollution, soil erosion, high water usage and a disruption to local flora and fauna. On a group of relatively small islands, these impacts are exacerbated.

The increasing loss of sugar and pineapple plantations in Hawaii has left acres of abandoned farmland vulnerable to invasive grasses; on Maui, these grasses, grown dry in sudden drought, contributed to the speed and power of the fire.

That fantasy of Hawaii as an "escape from it all" is, and should be, forever punctured — a reminder that no place is safe from the damage humans have done to the atmosphere and the increasingly unpredictable and deadly weather patterns that damage as caused.

Nowhere is safe from the impact of warmer oceans and a rising global temperature, which can turn an idyllic town into a maelstrom of fire in a matter of hours. Not even Hawaii.

And if we won't work, and vote, to protect our own communities from the ravages of our broken atmosphere, maybe we will fight climate change for the sake of a place beloved by all, for our own island paradise.

Maybe, finally, we'll do it for Maui.

This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times.
'Democracy, Democracy' chant Israelis protesting legal reforms

"This government needs to be overthrown."

Tel Aviv (AFP) – Thousands of Israelis took to the streets of Tel Aviv on Saturday in the latest protest against the hard-right government's controversial judicial reform plans that opponents see as threat to democracy.

Issued on: 12/08/2023 - 
Protesters brandish flares during the latest protest against the Israeli government's controversial judicial reform plans 

Since the government unveiled the reform package in January, tens of thousands of Israelis have joined weekly demonstrations in what has turned out to be the biggest protest movement in the country's history -- one that has split the nation.

While protests have rocked many cities including Jerusalem, the epicentre has been the commercial hub of Tel Aviv, where protesters have rallied every Saturday against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government.

"Democracy, democracy," protesters chanted as they marched on Saturday. "We won't give up until it gets better."

"Despite months of protests, things are not going the way we wanted as one important part of the judiciary overhaul has been passed a few weeks ago," protester Ben Peleg, 47, told AFP.

"But if we continue to apply pressure on the streets, there is a possibility that we can still stop these changes."

Last month, the Israeli parliament voted to limit the so-called "reasonableness" law.

The new legislation curbs judicial review by Israel's top court of some government decisions, and critics fear it could pave the way to more authoritarian government.

Israel's traditional bedrock ally Washington has described parliament's vote as "unfortunate" and repeatedly raised concern about the political turmoil.

Netanyahu's coalition government, which includes far-right and ultra-Orthodox Jewish parties, argues the reforms are necessary to rebalance the relationship between elected officials and the judiciary.

Opponents accuse Netanyahu, who has been fighting corruption charges in court, of a conflict of interest.

It was the "reasonableness" clause that the Supreme Court cited in a recent high-profile ruling that barred a Netanyahu ally, Aryeh Deri, from serving in the cabinet because of his previous tax evasion conviction.

The amendment of the clause is the first major component of the reform package to become law.

Several petitions have been filed at the Supreme Court, with hearings set to be held in September.

Other proposed changes include allowing the government a greater say in the appointment of judges.

The protests have drawn support from across the political spectrum, among secular and religious groups, blue-collar and tech sector workers, peace activists and military reservists.

But months of demonstrations -- including some in support of the government -- have led to fears about widening fissures within Israeli society.

"Israel is being torn apart and we feel we are on the brink of a civil war," Peleg, a doctor, said.

"When we go out on the streets to protest, we are afraid of those who are supporting the government... This government needs to be overthrown."
Experts: Elon Musk offers "economic incentive" to spew "most shocking and hateful" rhetoric on X

Areeba Shah
SALON
Sat, August 12, 2023 

Elon Musk; X Photo by Emin Sansar/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images


Several far-right conspiracy theorists with a history of spreading falsehoods and hate online are now earning thousands of dollars from X's new ad revenue-sharing program, alarming extremism experts who say this initiative is being used to incentivize hateful messages.

Elon Musk, the owner of X – the platform previously known as Twitter – announced in February that eligible creators would be paid a share "for ads that appear in their reply threads." To qualify, users need to have at least five million impressions on their posts in each of the last three months, according to Rolling Stone.

"Taking some of these folks who are the most incendiary online, who are spewing some of the most shocking and hateful and dangerous rhetoric online, if they are adding an economic incentive for those people, it's also signaling that that kind of content is not just okay, but it is lucrative," Yael Eisenstat, Anti-Defamation League vice president and head of the Center for Technology and Society, told Salon.

That is something that will lead to "very serious consequences" in the real world, and begs the question if X will ever prioritize safety, Eisenstat added.

The payouts come shortly after Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, introduced Threads, a new platform that attracted more than 100 million sign-ups in just five days, according to Insider. Some experts have said that the platform has the potential to become Twitter's next top rival.

Dom Lucre, a far-right conspiracy theorist who was banned from Twitter just last month for posting a screenshot from a video involving child sexual abuse and then had his account reinstated within 24 hours, has announced that he is now benefiting from the platform's ad revenue sharing initiative, Media Matters found.

"It's outrageous that people sharing child sexual abuse or pushing misogyny and other forms of hatred are now actually getting paid to promote hate, lies and conspiracy theories," said Heidi Beirich, co-founder of the Global Project Against Hate and Extremism. "Obviously, this just means we will see far more of this given the profit motive. It also obviously put the lie to any claims by X corp that they are cleaning up the site."

Since Musk's ownership of X, the platform has reinstated previously banned right-wing extremists and relaxed its policies on hate speech and disinformation. Twitter saw nearly a fivefold increase in the use of the n-word and the most engaged tweets were overtly antisemitic soon after Musk acquired ownership.

"We're talking about all kinds of white supremacists, anti-semites, Holocaust deniers, conspiracy theorists, QAnon enthusiasts – they've all been let back on the platform since this change of ownership," Eisenstat said. "So you take that and then you couple it with some of them even being verified… and now they get algorithmically boosted into our feeds and some of those folks are also now claiming to receive ad revenue earnings from the platform."

The first payments to creators started on July 13, with Musk confirming that "revenue payout to content creators will be cumulative from when I first promised to do so in February."

Several Twitter influencers, including right-wing personalities, shared that the platform has told them to anticipate substantial payments in their Stripe accounts. Some users are expecting tens of thousands of dollars.

Already, influencers like Andrew Tate, who is facing rape and human trafficking charges in Romania, said he was being paid $20,397.

The right-wing commentator Ian Miles Cheong, who once accused an innocent Black man as the "number one suspect" in the shooting of two police officers, said he received over $16,259 from Twitter.

"I hear some asking, 'Why aren't liberals and leftists getting paid for Twitter? Why is it just people Elon seems to like?'" Cheong tweeted. "Oh I don't know, could it be because they boycotted Twitter Blue, refused to sign up for monetization, and staged failed walkoffs to Mastodon and elsewhere?"

Right-wing YouTuber Benny Johnson, who also oversees the Productions Department at Turning Point USA, said he was receiving $9,546.

"Twitter Monetization For Creators Is REAL," Johnson tweeted, announcing his nearly $10,000 paycheck. "I would typically never share personal financial info but creators need to know that @elonmusk means BUSINESS supporting the creator economy."

Conservative commentator Rogan O'Handley, an anti-trans right-wing influencer known as DC Draino, shared a screenshot saying he would be paid $7,036.

"There's actually no way for us to truly, independently verify who's receiving revenue or how much, so we only have their public statements claiming that they are. … This is incredibly concerning," Eisenstat said.

But what's more concerning is the "normalization" of anti-semitism, conspiracy theories and extremism on mainstream platforms that claim to prioritize public safety, she added, which creates an "extra dangerous situation."

"Discourse on the platform is actually going to get worse. And that is saying something because Elon Musk has already re-platformed extremists and doesn't seem to care how hateful the material on the site is," Beirich said. "This new program is going to mean more hate and conspiracy content being posted, and more people being exposed to it. And that will mean more people radicalized into extremist beliefs."

A second round of ad revenue-sharing payouts was sent to creators on August 7.

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Lucre, who has pushed Pizzagate and QAnon conspiracy theories, shared a screenshot showing that he had earned about $2,400 from the platform.

"I get 472 Million impression every 28 days, he tweeted. "I was the #1 trending topic on Twitter last month."

John Sabal, a conspiracy influencer known online as "QAnon John", announced that he received his "first payout" from the ad revenue program and earned over $1,200.

"The fact is Twitter is starting to look more and more like an unregulated hate site," Beirich said. "It's tragic the company has abandoned efforts to make the platform a space for decent conversation."

X is going to start resembling unregulated sites like Telegram and 4chan, which are filled with extremist material, she added, pointing to the "profitable business model" that the platform is using to peddle conspiracy theories and misinformation, Beirich predicted.

"Given section 230, X corp is largely exempted from any legal repercussions from promoting extremist content," Beirich said. "But the ethical implications are clear. This will actually shut down speech as those targeted by the far right abandon the platform and it will expose more people to extremist materials."

A 2023 Anti-Defamation League Online Hate and Harassment Report found that online hate and harassment surged this year by twelve percentage points from 40% in 2022 for adults. More than half (52%) of all American adults reported experiencing hate or harassment online at some point in their lives.

The report called on social media companies to enforce hate and harassment policies and suggested that legislators mandate transparency reporting and outlaw doxing.

"While it is true that we have, unfortunately, a lot of work to do in Congress to actually ensure that there are some sort of accountability mechanisms for any of the social media or tech companies, it doesn't mean that there shouldn't be some existing laws that should apply to all owners of tech platforms," Eisenstat said.


"Straight out of the authoritarian playbook": Hate speech watchdog sued by Musk's X hits back


Elon Musk's absurd Twitter rebrand: Has the far right finally broken his brain?


Elon Musk's Twitter emerges as right-wing media's new center amid Fox's plummeting ratings

Post uses flawed data analysis to wrongly claim climate change is a 'scam' | Fact check

Isabella Fertel, USA TODAY
Thu, August 10, 2023 




The claim: Climate change is a 'scam' because the US was hotter in 1913 than 2023

A July 30 Instagram post (direct linkarchive link) shows a screenshot of a post from X, formerly Twitter, that includes side-by-side maps of the U.S. with a scattering of red dots.

“The US was much hotter in 1913 – left – than 2023 – right,” reads the text in the X post. “1913 was 86% of industrial era atmospheric CO2 ago (sic). So much for claims of emissions-driven heat.”

The Instagram caption adds, "All they do is lie with their fake #climatescam to extend power and control."

The Instagram post was liked nearly 300 times in two weeks. The X post garnered more than 1,000 reposts in one week.

Follow us on Facebook! Like our page to get updates throughout the day on our latest debunks

Our rating: False

Climate experts said the post’s method of determining which year was hotter based on the number of high-temperature days is not scientifically valid. The average temperature across the contiguous U.S. in 2023 is set to be hotter than that of 1913, continuing a decades-long trend of warming. Scientists have ample evidence that modern climate change is driven by greenhouse gases released from human activity.

1913 was not a hotter year than 2023, contrary to posts

The maps in the post purportedly track instances where temperatures have reached and exceeded 100 degrees across the U.S. in both 1913 and 2023.

The post also includes a link to an article containing the same maps, but neither the post nor the article specify the source of the information the maps are based upon.

Regardless, climate scientists say the method of counting high-temperature spikes is not a valid way to determine if one year was hotter than another.

"Climate trends should only be inferred from long-term datasets,” Sean Birkel, a climatologist and research assistant professor at the University of Maine, previously told USA TODAY. “Long-term warming trends are clear based on data going back several decades to more than a century.”

While the world’s hottest recorded air temperature was indeed recorded in Death Valley, California, on July 10, 1913, it is a “complete untruth” that 1913 was a hotter year than 2023, said Howard Diamond, a senior climate scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Air Resources Laboratory.

The posts “have no basis in science and are not reflective of the state of today's surface temperatures either in the U.S. or globally,” Diamond said.

The average temperature across the contiguous U.S. was 51.5 degrees in 1913, according to NOAA data. Diamond noted this year was comparatively cooler than temperatures later on in that century. NOAA data shows it ranked as the 27th-coolest year in the 1900s.

While the data for 2023 is not yet available, the average annual temperature of the contiguous U.S. was 53.4 degrees in 2022, according to NOAA. The average temperature across the country has consistently been above the 1901-2000 mean since 1997.

Fact checkClimate change measured in decades, day to day temperature

Environmental Protection Agency spokesperson Shayla Powell concurred, stating the increase in temperatures from 1913 to 2023 is even more apparent at the global scale.

Globally, average surface temperatures have increased by an average of about .1 degrees per decade since 1880, or about 2 degrees in total, according to data from multiple climate agencies. The rate of warming since 1981 has nearly doubled, with global temperatures continuing to increase at a rate of more than 0.3 degrees per decade since the 1980s.

Temperatures in the contiguous U.S. have warmed ahead of the global rate since the late 1970s, according to data from the EPA.

Carbon dioxide emissions unequivocally driving modern climate change

The X post used the temperature spike data to assert human emissions aren't driving global warming, but scientists have ample evidence that modern climate change is driven by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, like burning fossil fuels.

Human activities are releasing more carbon dioxide than natural processes can remove, causing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to build. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide absorb and radiate heat, warming up the Earth’s atmosphere and surface temperatures.

Fact checkCarbon dioxide has an effect on the climate, contrary to post

In 2013, atmospheric carbon dioxide surpassed 400 parts per million for the first time since scientists started tracking levels in the mid-twentieth century. NOAA reported a high of 417 parts per million in 2022.

USA TODAY reached out to the X user who shared the post for comment but did not receive an immediate response.

Our fact-check sources:

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This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: False claim 1913 was a warmer year than 2023 in the US | Fact check

China’s Stalling Economy Puts the World on Notice

Peter S. Goodman
Sat, August 12, 2023

A residential development in Nanchang, China on May 22, 2023.
 (Qilai Shen/The New York Times)

For more than a quarter-century, China has been synonymous with relentless development and upward mobility. As its 1.4 billion people gained an appetite for the wares of the world — Hollywood movies, South Korean electronics, iron ore mined in Australia — the global economy was propelled by a seemingly inexhaustible engine.

Now that engine is sputtering, posing alarming risks for Chinese households and economies around the planet. Long the centerpiece of a profit-enhancing version of globalization, China has devolved into the ultimate wild card in a moment of extraordinary uncertainty for the world’s economy.

The risks have been amplified in recent weeks by a slew of developments.

First came word that China’s economy had slowed substantially in the spring, extinguishing hopes of a robust expansion following the lifting of extreme COVID restrictions.

This week brought data showing that China’s exports have declined for three months in a row, while imports have dropped for five consecutive months — another indicator of flagging prospects.

Then came news that prices have fallen on a range of goods, from food to apartments, raising the specter that China could be on the brink of so-called deflation, or sustained drops in prices, a harbinger of anemic commercial activity.

And in a sign of deepening distress in China’s housing market — the intersection of finance, construction and household wealth — a major real estate developer called Country Garden missed payments on its bonds and estimated it lost up to $7.6 billion in the first half of the year.

For Chinese workers and households, these events added up to trouble. Around the globe, a weakening Chinese economy signaled a shrinking of demand for major goods — from soybeans harvested in Brazil, to beef raised in the United States, to luxury goods made in Italy. It spelled less appetite for oil, minerals and other building blocks of industry.

“The slowdown in China is definitely going to weigh on the global economic outlook,” said Larry Hu, Hong Kong-based chief China economist for Macquarie, the Australian financial services firm. “Because China is now the No. 1 commodity consumer in the world, the impact is going to be pretty, pretty big.”

Over the past decade, China has been the source of more than 40% of global economic growth, compared with 22% for the United States and 9% from the 20 countries that use the euro currency, according to recent analysis from BCA Research.

Adding to the worry is the widespread sense that Chinese authorities are limited in their options to reinvigorate the economy, given mounting debts now estimated at 282% of national output — more than that of the United States.

The government has outlined spending programs aimed at spurring consumers to spend and businesses to invest. But the details have been opaque, while leaving the impression that local governments will be stuck with the bill. Local governments are at the center of concerns about the debt crisis. They had borrowed aggressively for years to finance the construction of roads, bridges and industrial parks.

All of this is playing out as China’s ruling Communist Party tries to transition from an economy powered by state-directed investments in infrastructure and exports to one led by domestic consumer spending.

The old model has run its course. It worked remarkably well for the two decades spanning the millennium, when the government financed ports, electrical grids and other basic works for an export-led factory boom.

At the same time, private entrepreneurs started some of the world’s more innovative and valuable technology companies. In more recent years, many have been constrained by a regulatory crackdown overseen by President Xi Jinping.

In the rest of the world — and especially in the United States — China’s staggering export growth, combined with the loss of domestic factory jobs, has set off conflicts over trade.

The Trump administration imposed across-the-board tariffs on Chinese imports. The Biden administration has continued that policy, adding prohibitions on investment in key Chinese sectors such as advanced computer chips. President Joe Biden intensified that campaign in signing an executive order Wednesday barring investment in industries that can bolster China’s military.

On Thursday, Biden referred to China’s economic vulnerabilities as “a ticking time bomb,” adding, “When bad folks have problems, they do bad things.”

Xi has previously accused the United States of running a campaign aimed at suppressing China’s development.

Faced with hostilities between Washington and Beijing and chastened during the pandemic by the difficulties moving products from Chinese factories to retailers in North America and Europe, multinational companies have shifted factory orders to countries like Vietnam, India and Mexico.

For Chinese policymakers, the alterations to the geography of international commerce have added urgency to the transition toward an economy centered on domestic spending power.

Still, those designs were halted by the pandemic. The government imposed draconian restrictions on business and freedom of movement, locking down whole cities.

The lifting of those controls in December, following an extraordinary series of public protests, was widely anticipated as a catalyst for consumer spending.

But consumer spending has been weak — so weak that China’s National Bureau of Statistics recently halted the release of data that drew attention to the economy’s problems.

Chinese households have long been some of the most prodigious savers on Earth, owing to the fact that social safety nets are meager. Over the first half of this year, total household deposits in the Chinese banking system grew by some 12 trillion Chinese yuan (about $1.7 trillion), the largest expansion in a decade.

But the increased savings, as well as the weakness of investment and consumer spending, appears to reflect a general erosion of public faith. During the pandemic, policy lurched from total lockdown to no controls — what economist Adam Posen recently called “economic long COVID.”

For China’s consumers, some of the extra ardor for stashing cash reflects the widespread recognition that real estate is a story full of unhappy endings. Decades of overinvestment by developers has yielded entire cities full of empty apartment blocks. As prices plunge, developers are halting projects midstream, leaving the skeletons of high-rises serving as monuments to a speculative bonanza gone awry.

This basic story has provoked comparisons to Japan, where the bursting of a speculative real estate bubble in the early 1990s led the country into three decades of decline.

Central to Japan’s slide was deflation, a term that sends shivers up the spines of economists.

Deflation works its way into a society’s basic expectations, destroying incentives to spend, expand businesses or hire workers, given the likelihood that everything will be cheaper later. What is, for individuals, a rational thrift metastasizes into decline for society.

Most economists think China will avoid that fate. Falling prices may soon reverse. And the government appears to have moderated its attacks on successful private businesses.

After years of demonizing private entrepreneurs, the government has lately signaled a pivot to a more “pro-growth, pro-business mindset,” said Bruce Pang, chief economist for Greater China at JLL, a real estate and investment management firm in Hong Kong. “The key policy priority will be how to boost domestic demand.”

In the most optimistic scenario, the government will engineer a gradual transition to slower growth, trading factory jobs for those in services, while containing the size of real estate losses.

Yet if the debt hanging over China’s economy limits the potency of the government’s response, that could bring about the worst fears: a plunge in housing prices, followed by expensive rescues of strapped lenders, and an unruly exodus of money.

That outcome most unnerves government officials, given that it could bring joblessness, business insolvencies and social strife.

Such images undergird the assumption that the government will intensify its efforts to stimulate the economy, even as doing so may exacerbate the foundational threats to the economy, creating fresh debts.

Yet even if the government succeeds in overseeing a gradual economic slowdown, some see mounting challenges that threaten to provoke significant volatility.

The continued shifting of factory work away from China, along with the focus on centering the economy on domestic consumption, is likely to push down wages and household wealth. And even in a country controlled by a single unelected party, the loss of faith of large numbers of people may bring turbulence.

China’s exports and imports collectively make up 40% of its total economic output, Yasheng Huang, an economics professor at MIT’s Sloan School of Management, noted at a conference in May. Many of China’s imports are components for exported factory goods. So the more that China’s exports drop, the more that imports do, too — a feedback loop of diminishing fortunes.

That drags down jobs and incomes, Huang said. “There’s no way it is a happy story.”

c.2023 The New York Times Company
OMG FARTS!
Scientists Alarmed by What Space Station Astronauts Appear to Be Breathing

Noor Al-Sibai
Thu, August 10, 2023 


Smelt It Dealt It

The dust floating around the International Space Station is way worse than what's milling around in your house or apartment — and the concentration is way higher, too.

In a new study, scientists affiliated with NASA's Glenn Research Center and the UK's University of Birmingham found that the ISS is home to a specific mix of dust particles that include, among other things, microplastics and the kinds of compounds found in flame retardants and building insulation.

The study, which was published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology Letters, looked at the space station's specialized air filters to see what was left behind as the air was being circulated. The researchers found a number of chemicals, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) — the now-infamous "forever chemicals."

While some of these chemicals like OPEs have previously been found to be potentially toxic at high levels, the health effects they're having on astronauts, if any, are still unclear.

But given their concentration, it's worth investigating.

"Our findings have implications for future space stations and habitats, where it may be possible to exclude many contaminant sources by careful material choices in the early stages of design and construction," said co-author Stuart Harrad, a professor of environmental chemistry at the University of Birmingham, in a statement.
Dust Devils

To be fair, the dust we breathe in our Earth-bound households is also often quite gross, and many of the aforementioned chemicals are not at all uncommon on terra firma. The difference between the dust we breathe in our households and this space station dust, the researchers suggested, is a matter of both concentration and filtration.

While the air on the ISS is "constantly recirculated" eight to ten times an hour using its specialized filtration system, as the statement notes, its filters are broadly speaking there to scrub carbon dioxide and other contaminants. However, how much of these chemicals gets filtered out too is anyone's guess.

What's worse: the high levels of ionizing radiation that the space station goes through can speed up the aging process of onboard plastics, which causes them to break down faster and turn into micro- or nanoplastics "that become airborne in the microgravity environment."

"This may cause concentrations and relative abundance of [potentially harmful chemicals] in ISS dust to differ notably from those in dust from terrestrial indoor microenvironments," the news release adds.

The researchers are now hoping that their research could aid scientists in designing future space habitats and making wiser material choices — so astronauts can breathe more easily.

More on the ISS: NASA Thrilled That Astronauts Drink 98 Percent of Recycled Bodily Fluids
Thai Poll Winner Faces Dilemma Over Support for Tycoon’s PM Bid

Patpicha Tanakasempipat
Fri, August 11, 2023 




(Bloomberg) -- Move Forward Party, the surprise winner in Thailand’s May election, is in a quandary over whether to back or oppose a former ally’s candidate for prime minister after its own leader was rejected in his bids for the position.

A new coalition that’s being formed by Pheu Thai Party plans to nominate property tycoon Srettha Thavisin as its choice for prime minister. Voting against Srettha risks pushing Pheu Thai toward conservative adversaries and pro-royalist senators, who thwarted Move Forward’s efforts to form a government under Pita Limjaroenrat.

Move Forward’s lawmakers are gauging the mood among its supporters — largely urban and young voters — to decide its strategy. While Pita has said the party is in no hurry to decide, Piyabutr Saengkanokkul, a co-founder of disbanded predecessor Future Forward Party, said Move Forward should unequivocally state its resolve to sit in the opposition and rule out support for Pheu Thai’s coalition.

“Move Forward will likely upset many of its supporters if they vote for a Pheu Thai premier candidate who will lead a reconciliation pact with conservatives,” said Peter Mumford, Southeast Asia practice head at consultancy Eurasia Group.

A policy paralysis has hurt investor confidence in Thailand, which has been under a caretaker government since March with no major powers. Political parties are now under pressure to end the post-election stalemate and tackle economic issues such as a fragile economic recovery, high household debt and dwindling disposable income.

Move Forward was the frontrunner to run the government in the weeks after the May 14 election and now risks being relegated to the opposition, largely due to its unwillingness to back down from a pledge to amend royal insult laws and other platforms that may hurt pro-military business elites.

Pheu Thai has made an outreach for support and calls for reconciliation among political parties, citing the best interests for the nation. Move Forward’s decision could potentially determine the shape of Pheu Thai’s coalition as pro-military parties and senators have yet to back the alliance.

READ: Pheu Thai Courts Former Ally for Support as It Builds New Bloc

Pheu Thai’s new alliance is well short of the majority in the two chambers of parliament, which together have 750 members and will decide who becomes the prime minister. The coalition had the support of 238 lawmakers as of Thursday, 13 short of the majority in the elected House of Representatives. Move Forward’s 151 lawmakers can effectively seal Srettha’s win even without the support of the senators or military-aligned groups.

Pheu Thai, backed by former premier Thaksin Shinawatra’s family, is pushing for what it calls a reconciliatory government with the support of parties from across the ideological divide. The party said it’s time to put behind decades of color-coded politics — red for Shinawatra supporters and yellow for their royalist opponents — and focus on measures to revive the economy.

Thaksin’s plan to return to Thailand from 15 years of self-imposed exile is also seen weighing on Pheu Thai’s government formation. It potentially raises the necessity to broker deals with military-backed parties who represent the establishment to ensure his safe homecoming and the likelihood of receiving a royal pardon, said Napon Jatusripitak, a visiting fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.

That too leaves Pheu Thai in a dilemma as it needs to decide if it should align with the military-affiliated parties despite having other options, Napon said.

“Pheu Thai is not counting on Move Forward’s support and seems to have ventured quite far down the ‘dark side’ already,” said Napon. “The actual challenge for Pheu Thai lies in the fact that certain options might significantly damage its reputation as a pro-democracy party, even if they lead it to power, or grant Thaksin a safe passage home.”

Though Southeast Asia’s second-largest economy is poised to expand more than 3% this year due to a rebound in tourism and private consumption, it faces headwinds from sluggish global demand for its goods and rising borrowing costs. Investors are also concerned the delay in forming a government may push back state budget approvals and public spending.

Srettha sees the formation of a government at the earliest as a solution to urgent economic problems facing Thailand, and doesn’t rule out an alliance with military-backed parties.

“We need to be realistic,” he told reporters late on Friday. “We need a new government. To solve Thailand’s problems, it’s imperative that Pheu Thai leads the government.”