The Taliban’s Imperative For Change – OpEd

 October 22, 2023  

By Shehla Rahim

In the aftermath of the Taliban’s swift takeover of Afghanistan, the world has been anxiously watching and waiting for the group’s next steps. As international scrutiny intensifies, there’s a growing consensus on the key principles that the Taliban must embrace to secure their recognition as a legitimate governing authority. The world is calling for the Taliban to respect human rights, ensure press freedom, promote women’s education, establish an inclusive government, and adjust themselves to the international order. 

Human rights serve as the bedrock of a just and compassionate society. They encompass the right to life, liberty, and security, and the safeguarding of dignity and equality for all individuals, regardless of their background. The Taliban’s track record in this regard is disconcerting, with previous instances of grave human rights violations. International recognition hinges on the group’s commitment to respecting these fundamental human rights. By ensuring that every Afghan’s rights are upheld, the Taliban can prove that their leadership is evolving and becoming more attuned to global expectations. Respecting human rights also means addressing concerns about the safety of Afghans, especially those who may have worked with foreign entities or expressed opposing views in the past. The Taliban’s guarantee of their safety and security will be a litmus test for their dedication to human rights.

An independent and free press is an essential component of a functioning democracy. It serves as a watchdog, holding those in power accountable and enabling open and honest discourse. In recent years, Afghanistan witnessed a flourishing media landscape. A free press is not a luxury but a necessity for an informed citizenry. The Taliban’s commitment to press freedom will be a clear sign of their intentions. By allowing media outlets to operate without censorship and enabling them to report on events transparently, the Taliban can demonstrate their willingness to accept criticism and scrutiny. It is through a free press that the world will observe their actions and policies, helping to build trust.

Women’s Education

Education is a fundamental human right, and denying women and girls access to education is detrimental to a nation’s progress. Prior to their takeover, the Taliban displayed a regressive approach toward women’s education. This has to change if they wish to gain international recognition. Promoting women’s education is not only an ethical imperative but also a practical one. Educated women can contribute significantly to a nation’s development, economy, and social fabric. The Taliban’s commitment to women’s education will reflect their ability to adapt to a world that acknowledges the essential role of women in society.

An inclusive government that represents the diversity of a nation is vital for its stability and unity. Afghanistan is a culturally and ethnically diverse country, and its government should reflect this diversity. An inclusive government is essential for peace and the well-being of all citizens. The Taliban’s willingness to engage in an open dialogue with all segments of Afghan society to form an inclusive government is pivotal. This demonstrates their commitment to a peaceful transition of power and assures Afghans that they have a voice in the country’s future.

Adjusting to the International Order

The global community operates within a framework of norms, principles, and international laws. Adjusting to this international order is not a compromise but a recognition of Afghanistan’s role in the world. By doing so, the Taliban can pave the way for diplomatic relations, humanitarian assistance, and economic development. Embracing international norms and principles is a diplomatic necessity. It enables Afghanistan to be a responsible member of the international community. The Taliban’s ability to adapt to these norms will play a vital role in determining their recognition.

The world is cautiously watching the Taliban’s actions, hoping for positive changes. The past has left many nations skeptical, but the present offers an opportunity for transformation. Embracing these imperatives does not mean surrendering ideology but recognizing the need for change and adaptation. The humanitarian situation in Afghanistan is dire. International aid is essential to address the pressing needs of the Afghan people. However, the provision of aid is closely linked to the international community’s assessment of the Taliban’s commitment to these five core principles.

Afghanistan’s neighboring countries, particularly Pakistan, have a pivotal role to play in influencing the Taliban’s decisions. As a country that has historically had significant influence over the Taliban, Pakistan’s stance on these imperatives could make a substantial difference. Regional stability, trade, and development depend on a peaceful and stable Afghanistan. Neighboring countries have a vested interest in ensuring that the Taliban’s actions align with these key principles.

In Conclusion

The Taliban’s path to international recognition is laden with challenges. The world is watching, waiting to see if they can transcend their previous reputation and build a more inclusive, peaceful, and stable Afghanistan. By respecting human rights, enabling press freedom, promoting women’s education, establishing an inclusive government, and adjusting themselves to the international order, the Taliban can take a substantial step forward. It is a choice that not only benefits Afghanistan but also brings the country back into the fold of the international community. The humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan requires immediate attention. Recognition by the international community can unlock essential aid and support. The time to act is now, and it is in the Taliban’s hands to make these vital changes and set Afghanistan on a path to a more hopeful future. 

Taliban in Afghanistan. Photo Credit: Tasnim News Agency

Shehla Rahim specializes in South Asian affairs. She can be reached at: shehlarahim7@gmail.com

 

Kashmir: A Long-Standing Conflict Requiring Global Attention – OpEd

#KASHMIR IS #INDIA'S #GAZA

 October 22, 2023  

By Muhammad Imran

Kashmir, a region of breathtaking natural beauty, has been a flashpoint for conflict for over seven decades. Nestled in the Himalayas, it has witnessed a tumultuous history of territorial disputes and political unrest. As the world grapples with numerous global crises, the need to focus on Kashmir becomes increasingly important. This article explores the intricate web of political, social, and human rights issues that demand the world’s attention.

Kashmir’s turbulent history can be traced back to the partition of British India in 1947. The region’s strategic location and its predominantly Muslim population made it a contentious issue for India and Pakistan. Since then, three wars and numerous conflicts have taken place, resulting in the Line of Control (LoC) effectively dividing Kashmir into two territories, each administered by India and Pakistan, while also giving rise to a third region under Chinese administration.

Kashmir is not just a territorial dispute; it’s also a humanitarian crisis. The region has witnessed a cycle of violence, curfews, and human rights abuses for decades. Reports of extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances are common. Freedom of speech and expression has been curtailed, with the Indian government frequently imposing communication blackouts and internet restrictions. Kashmiri civilians, caught in the crossfire between militants and security forces, endure immense suffering. As international attention wavers, the plight of ordinary Kashmiris remains dire. There is a desperate need to address the humanitarian crisis that has persisted for too long.

The Role of Global Powers

The Kashmir conflict is not limited to the Indian subcontinent; it has far-reaching implications for regional and global stability. Both India and Pakistan possess nuclear weapons, making the conflict incredibly dangerous. As the world’s great powers grapple with their own challenges, they should not overlook the potential threat posed by this longstanding conflict.

The United Nations has consistently called for a peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict. The UN’s role is vital in this regard, as it is not merely a regional but a global issue. The international community should pressure both India and Pakistan to engage in constructive dialogue and adhere to the UN’s resolutions.

Diplomacy, not conflict, should be the avenue for addressing the Kashmir issue. Engaging in open and unbiased dialogue that considers the aspirations of the Kashmiri people is crucial. The world’s leaders, particularly those with influence in the region, need to promote peaceful negotiations.

Kashmir deserves a future free from violence and human rights abuses. As the world emphasizes the importance of human rights, it must be consistent in addressing the issue in all regions, including Kashmir. The global community should advocate for freedom of speech, the rule of law, and respect for human rights in the region.

The issue of Kashmir goes beyond the territorial ambitions of India and Pakistan. It is a matter of self-determination for the Kashmiri people. They deserve the opportunity to decide their future in a free and impartial plebiscite. The world should not ignore their legitimate aspirations.

Kashmir is a region blessed with vast natural resources, including fertile land and a thriving tourist industry. Peace and stability in the region could unlock its economic potential. Investment, infrastructure development, and employment opportunities are essential for the region’s progress.

Conclusion

Kashmir remains an unsolved puzzle, and the situation continues to deteriorate. The world should not lose sight of the Kashmir conflict amidst a plethora of global crises. Kashmir’s plight is a test of the international community’s commitment to peace, human rights, and self-determination. The region deserves attention, not only for its own sake but also for the sake of regional and global stability. It’s time for the world to focus on Kashmir and work towards a peaceful resolution. 

MAP

The LoC Disputed Territory: Shown in green is Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. The orange-brown region represents Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir while the Aksai Chin is under Chinese control. Credit: CIA World Factbook.

Muhammad Imran is a Karachi based columnist and has a MPhil in international relations from the University of Karachi, Pakistan.

INDIA

Teaching Of Politics In Schools: Benefits And Perspectives – OpEd

 October 22, 2023 

By Dr. Rajkumar Singh

The intersection of politics and elementary education is a complex and multifaceted topic that involves various issues, policies, and perspectives.

The key points to consider are:

a. Funding and Resources: Local Funding: Elementary education is often funded at the local level through property taxes. This can lead to disparities in funding between schools in affluent and economically disadvantaged areas. Federal Funding: Governments, both state and federal, play a role in funding elementary education. Policies and budget decisions at these levels can significantly impact the resources available to schools.

b. Curriculum and Standards: Political Influence on Curriculum: Political ideologies can influence decisions about what is taught in schools. There may be debates about the inclusion or exclusion of certain topics in the curriculum. Standardized Testing: Political leaders often shape policies related to standardized testing. The emphasis on testing can impact the teaching methods employed in elementary schools.

c. Teacher Policies: Teacher Qualifications: Political decisions can affect the requirements for teacher certification and qualifications. There may be debates about the role of standardized testing in teacher evaluations. Teacher Salaries: Political decisions on education budgets impact teacher salaries and working conditions.

d. Inclusion and Diversity: Equity and Access: Political discussions often revolve around ensuring equity and access to education for all students, regardless of socioeconomic background, race, or other factors.

e. Special Education: Policies regarding special education services and inclusion of students with diverse learning needs are influenced by political decisions.

f. School Safety and Security: Policy Responses: Political leaders are involved in shaping policies related to school safety, including responses to incidents like school shootings. This can impact the learning environment and practices in elementary schools:

g. Digital Access: Political decisions influence the availability of technology in schools, impacting students’ access to online resources and digital learning tools.

It’s important to recognize that the relationship between politics and elementary education is dynamic and can vary based on geographical location, cultural context, and the prevailing political ideologies of the time. 

Benefits of politics in education

The involvement of politics in elementary education can bring about several benefits, as political decisions shape policies and initiatives that impact the overall quality and accessibility of primary schooling. Its potential benefits include:

a. Teacher Support: Professional Development: Political decisions can lead to initiatives that support teacher training, professional development, and improved working conditions, fostering a more qualified and motivated teaching workforce.

b. Innovative Teaching Methods: Supporting Pedagogical Innovation: Politics can encourage the exploration and implementation of innovative teaching methods, technology integration, and modern educational practices in elementary classrooms.

c. Community Engagement: Encouraging Parental Involvement: Political leaders can create policies that encourage parental involvement in elementary education, fostering a stronger partnership between schools and families.

d. Special Education Support: inclusive Policies: Political decisions can promote inclusive education by providing support and resources for students with special needs, ensuring that elementary schools are equipped to cater to diverse learning requirements.

e. Technology Integration: Digital Literacy: Political initiatives can promote the integration of technology in elementary education, ensuring that students develop digital literacy skills that are crucial in the modern world.

f. Social and Emotional Learning (SEL): Emphasizing Well-being: Politics can highlight the importance of social and emotional learning, leading to policies that address the well-being of students and provide support for their emotional and social development.

g. School Safety: Security Measures: Political decisions can lead to policies focused on improving school safety, including measures to prevent bullying, address mental health issues, and enhance overall security on school premises.

h. Global Awareness: Cultural and Global Perspectives: Politics can influence curricular decisions that expose students to diverse cultural and global perspectives, fostering a broader understanding of the world.

i. Research and Development: Investment in Educational Research: Political support for educational research can lead to advancements in teaching methods, curriculum development, and educational technologies.

Stakeholders, including educators, parents, and communities, play a crucial role in advocating for policies that enhance the overall educational experience for young learners. 

Prospects of politics in education

The prospects of politics in elementary education are diverse, encompassing opportunities for positive change, innovation, and improvement. There are several prospects and potential positive outcomes associated with the intersection of politics and elementary education:

a. Policy Innovation: Adaptation to Changing Needs: Politics can drive the development of innovative policies that respond to evolving societal needs, technological advancements, and changing educational paradigms.

b. Equity and Inclusivity: Reducing Disparities: Political decisions can focus on reducing educational disparities, ensuring that resources and opportunities are distributed more equitably among elementary schools, regardless of their location or socio-economic context.

c. Teacher Professionalism: Support for Educators: Political support can lead to policies that value and invest in the professional development of teachers, creating a more skilled and motivated teaching workforce.

d.  Innovative Teaching Methods:  Promoting Creativity: Political decisions can encourage the exploration and implementation of innovative teaching methods, project-based learning, and other creative approaches that engage students in meaningful ways.

e. Parental Involvement: Community Engagement: Politics can promote policies that encourage parental involvement, creating stronger partnerships between schools and families for the benefit of the child’s education.

f. Social and Emotional Learning (SEL): Holistic Development: Political emphasis on social and emotional learning can lead to policies that prioritize the overall well-being and holistic development of students, addressing emotional and social aspects alongside academic achievement.

g. Global Perspectives: Cultural Awareness: Politics can drive initiatives to infuse global perspectives and cultural diversity into the curriculum, preparing students to be informed and culturally competent global citizens.

h. Environmental Education: Sustainability Initiatives: Political leaders can support policies that incorporate environmental education, teaching elementary students about sustainability, environmental conservation, and ecological awareness.

i. Special Education Support: Inclusive Practices: Politics can drive policies that promote inclusive education, ensuring that students with special needs receive the necessary support and accommodations to thrive in mainstream classrooms.

j. Community Collaboration: Local Partnerships: Political decisions can encourage collaboration between schools and local communities, leveraging community resources and expertise to enhance the educational experience.

k. Research and Evaluation: Evidence-Based Practices: Politics can support research initiatives and the use of evidence-based practices in education, ensuring that policies are informed by research findings and best practices.

l. Civic Education: Citizenship Skills: Politics can foster the inclusion of civic education in elementary curricula, helping students develop an understanding of their rights, responsibilities, and the democratic process.

In the context, it’s crucial for political decisions in elementary education to be well-informed, inclusive, and responsive to the diverse needs of students. A collaborative approach involving educators, parents, policymakers, and community members is essential for realizing the positive potential of politics in elementary education.

Dr. Rajkumar Singh is a University Professor for the last 20 years and presently Head of the P.G. Department of Political Science, B.N. Mandal University, West Campus, P.G. Centre,Saharsa (Bihar), India. In addition to 17 books published so far there are over 250 articles to his credit out of which above 100 are from 30 foreign countries. His recent published books include Transformation of modern Pak Society-Foundation, Militarisation, Islamisation and Terrorism (Germany, 2017),and New Surroundings of Pak Nuclear Bomb (Mauritius, 2018). He is an authority on Indian Politics and its relations with foreign countries.

 

Chad: A Year On, Victims Await Justice, Says HRW

 October 22, 2023 

By Eurasia Review

Chadian authorities have failed to carry out prompt, effective, and independent criminal investigations into serious human rights violations linked to massive protests across the country on October 20, 2022, and to hold those found responsible to account, Human Rights Watch said.

Security forces fired live ammunition at protesters, killed and injured scores, and beat and chased people into their homes. Hundreds of men and boys were arrested, and many were taken to Koro Toro, a high security prison 600 kilometers away from N’Djamena, the country’s capital. Several detainees died en route, some due to lack of water. At Koro Toro, protesters suffered further abuse, including torture and ill-treatment by other detainees. The detainees were held for months and eventually released or pardoned.

“The violence against protesters a year ago was disproportionate and unjustified, leaving scores dead and wounded, and hundreds detained in inhuman conditions at Koro Toro prison without access to lawyers or family,” said Carine Kaneza Nantulya, deputy Africa director at Human Rights Watch. “The failure of the authorities to carry out independent investigations leaves many to question whether anyone will ever be held accountable for the lives lost and the abuse and harm the protesters suffered.”

After the death of President Idriss Déby Itno on April 20, 2021, a transitional military council (Conseil militaire de transition, CMT) headed by his son, Mahamat Idriss Déby, took power in Chad and, after months of protests, promised to restore civilian rule by October 20, 2022.

In a report released in February 2023, the National Human Rights Commission (Commission nationale des droits de l’homme, CNDH) said that 128 people were killed and 518 injured on October 20, 2022, a date many people call “black Thursday” or “jeudi noir” in French. The commission found that security forces “systematically violated several fundamental human rights … [using] disproportionated means” to quell the protests. The commission asked several questions to the government, including why no judicial investigations had been opened into human rights violations and made recommendations to the transitional military authorities, including prosecuting those responsible for serious abuse.

In the days following the violence, the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), one of eight African Union regional economic communities, announced an investigation. Members of the investigation commission have interviewed some family members of victims and some detainees from Koro Toro. However, the commission has not reported its findings, and it is unclear whether its report will highlight the disproportionate use of force, the need for an investigation, and the government’s obligation to ensure accountability.

Before the 2022 mass mobilization, the transitional government had, on several occasions, violently suppressed protests demanding civilian democratic rule. The security forces used disproportionate force against opponents, killing some protesters, wounding dozens, and arresting more than 700 people, most of whom were eventually released.

In late 2022, the transitional government announced a proposed new constitution. After a June 2023 vote, a constitution project was adopted by 96 percent of the members of the National Transitional Council, which replaced the National Assembly when it was dissolved after Idriss Déby Itno’s death. A referendum on the constitution is scheduled for December of this year, and presidential elections for 2024.

Meanwhile, the military authorities continue to close political space. At least 72 members and supporters of Chad’s main opposition party, Les Transformateurs (the Transformers), have been detained since October 8, 2023. These arrests seem to be an attempt to limit political dissent ahead of the December constitutional referendum, Human Rights Watch said.

After the October 2022 protests, Chadian military authorities suspended Les Transformateurs, other political parties, and civil society organizations united under a coalition known as Wakit Tama (“the time has come”, in Chadian Arabic). These suspensions were lifted after three months.

Succès Masra, the president of Les Transformateurs, left the country after the protests and planned to return on October 18, 2023. He delayed his arrival after an arrest warrant charging him with a variety of crimes, including “attempted attack on constitutional order, incitement to hatred and an insurrectional uprising,” was made public.

“As the referendum approaches, Chad should choose the path of respect for fundamental rights, ensure that opposition party members and protesters can speak out, and that Chadians are able and allowed to hear them,” Kaneza Nantulya said. “The Chadian authorities should also ensure that those found most responsible for disproportionate use of force, as well as for other serious abuses committed on ‘jeudi noir’ are held to account in fair and effective trials.”