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Friday, October 02, 2026

Dear Doug Burgum: The Soul of Our Nation Is Not for Sale

We cannot allow our shared natural heritage to be bulldozed, defunded, and sold off by men who look at a majestic forest and only see square footage for server racks.

US Interior Secretary Doug Burgum speaks during an event with President Donald Trump in the Oval Office at the White House on October 06, 2025 in Washington, DC.
(Photo by Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)

Brock Butler
Oct 01, 2026
Common Dreams


For most of my life, I’ve had a guitar in my hands and a melody in my head. Traveling this country as a musician, with Perpetual Groove and The Brock Butler Band, has allowed me to share music with people from all walks of life, and I know firsthand the profound power music has to bring us together. Being fortunate enough to travel as much as I have has also meant the opportunity to see a lot of this beautiful country firsthand.

I’ve become more aware and informed about the most corrupt administration in history, and its attempts (failed and successful) to develop public lands with everything from data centers to golf courses (as long as it’s not windmills, I guess?). I grew up in a rural area of Virginia and the thing I enjoy most about my visits home is the tranquility. I find my grounding out under the open sky. I’m lucky that where I grew up remains relatively intact. If a data center got plopped in the woods behind my home I’d be devastated. Everyone should have the opportunity to get grounded in lovely and peaceful places.

The quiet majesty of our public lands should remain unadulterated. I find profound inspiration in the vast, open spaces and the sheer awesomeness of nature. These places are where we go to breathe, to reflect, and to remember who we are. Whether you’re a hiker, a painter, or someone who loves to pick an instrument around a campfire, whatever your reason and intention to get out in nature might be, it should not be limited or compromised by easements and condominiums.

It seems like anything not nailed down is finding its way into the pockets of a handful of billionaires. And this includes our sacred public spaces.

That’s why every day the news is like torture: war, poverty, sickness—and through it all a looting of the public. It seems like anything not nailed down is finding its way into the pockets of a handful of billionaires. And this includes our sacred public spaces. I get told in comment sections often enough I should just stick to music.

So when my dear friend Alex Lawson, executive director of Social Security Works, asked if I was interested in helping to expose Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum’s ongoing pilfering of our public lands through song, I jumped at the opportunity. Because while music can unite us, sometimes it needs to be wielded to shine a light on the wrongdoings of the powerful. And right now, no one is doing more wrong by our public lands than the man who defines the phrase “All Hat, No Cattle.” That man is US Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum.

Burgum is treating our sacred landscapes like an industrial lot for tech billionaires. He has earned the moniker “Secretary AI” for his huddles with data center heavyweights, spending the last year taking a string of meetings with data center investors just as his agencies start handing over our lands for development. He is actively plotting to hand over more public lands to AI developers. We are witnessing an aggressive push to build data centers on public lands, with the administration considering more proposals than previously known. You only have to look at the massive facility—five times bigger than Meta’s—planned for public land near Boise, to see the scale of the threat, promptin
g leaders like Rep. Jared Huffman to lead the charge against this industrialization.


- YouTube

But Burgum isn’t just giving away our land; he is deliberately dismantling the infrastructure meant to protect it. After installing right-wing operatives, his Interior Department has blocked tens of millions in national park funds. Meanwhile, his highly touted national park fee scheme has raised only a quarter of what he promised.

The sheer volume of cancelled projects and defunded parks is staggering. Over the past month, local and national news have painted a devastating picture of what Burgum’s tenure looks like on the ground:The administration blocking $25 million in national park projects, while Oregon’s Senators are questioning where the money is even going
The feds rejected over 130 park projects last month, hitting California the hardest
Vital funds have been slashed everywhere: Yellowstone lost $428K for cultural resource projects, and Nevada’s parks are losing millions after federal funding blocks
The Interior Department is actively clawing back NPS money to fund Trump’s projects, allowing national park maintenance work to be sidelined as the “Freedom 250” takes precedence
Utah’s national parks are drowning in a $350 million maintenance backlog without federal help
Public land agency contractors have suffered a devastating $1.3 billion dip
Internally, the agencies are in crisis. The National Park Service is poised for an overhaul, spring buyouts have eaten into the Interior Department’s ranks, and staff fear a major agency shakeup.

The New York Times summed it up best: it’s a story of “gold statues and staff cuts” disrupting America’s parks

We cannot allow our shared natural heritage to be bulldozed, defunded, and sold off by men who look at a majestic forest and only see square footage for server racks. Protecting our public lands is like protecting the soul of the nation—and that is sorely needed at this time.

And I hope my little musical contribution helps save the soul of our nation, check it out at AllHatDougBurgum.org.





Our work is licensed under Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). Feel free to republish and share widely.


Brock Butler
Known as the Positive Vibe Technician for Perpetual Groove, Brock “The Rev” Butler founded the band with Adam Perry while attending SCAD (Savannah College of Art and Design) in 1997.
Full Bio >


Conservation Groups Ramp Up Fight Against ‘Despicable’ Trump Assault on Endangered Species


One campaigner warned that the administration’s effort “to legalize most killings of endangered wildlife would essentially mean open season on species already on the brink of annihilation.”


A federally endangered Catalina Island fox watches a mule deer fawn drinking water at a feral cat feeding station behind the Descanso Beach Club in Avalon, Catalina Island, California, on October 31, 2023.
(Photo by Allen J. Schaben/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)

Jessica Corbett
Oct 01, 2026
COMMON DREAMS

Conservation groups that sued this summer over President Donald Trump’s administration rescinding the regulatory definition of “harm” in the Endangered Species Act updated their legal challenge on Thursday after yet another attack on the landmark law.

The coalition’s supplemental complaint explains to a federal court in Seattle that since the lawsuit was first filed in July, administrative leaders have directed various agencies to interpret the ESA to mean that only intentionally killing or wounding a protected species is illegal—a shift that critics condemned as “an all-out war on America’s wildlife.”

As the “harm” rescission took effect on September 14, US Fish and Wildlife Service Director Brian Nesvik issued a related memorandum with that interpretation—effectively allowing “incidental” killing. John Luce, general counsel at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, sent the same directive to eight sections of NOAA.

These memos “violate the plain language and overarching purpose of the ESA; they also lack any reasoned basis, are arbitrary and capricious, and failed to comply with applicable notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements,” the new filing argues, citing the Administrative Procedure Act. The coalition is asking the court to vacate the memos and bar the agencies from using their interpretations of the 1973 law.

“This despicable effort to legalize most killings of endangered wildlife would essentially mean open season on species already on the brink of annihilation,” said Noah Greenwald, endangered species co-director at the Center for Biological Diversity, in a Thursday statement. “It’s the most serious attack on imperiled animals since the Endangered Species Act was passed more than 50 years ago.”

“Without protection against the daily assaults of our modern world, Florida manatees, spotted owls, snowy plovers, and so many other animals that bring color to our world won’t stand a chance,” he warned, noting that “habitat destruction is the single biggest cause of species endangerment and extinction” in the United States and beyond.

Greenwald added that “with this destruction, the perils faced by plants and animals have grown exponentially. Such peril doesn’t come down the barrel of a gun, but it’s still a deadly threat, and the Endangered Species Act can and must protect our imperiled wildlife from this kind of careless killing.”

In addition to the center, the coalition behind the case includes Columbia Riverkeeper, Conservation Law Foundation, Conservation Northwest, Friends of the Wild Swan, Oregon Wild, Sierra Club, Swan View Coalition, and WildEarth Guardians, with legal representation by Earthjustice.

After the memos were exposed last month, Earthjustice attorney Ben Levitan declared that “the government’s new legal position is a prescription for extinction.”

“It says that as long as you claim you didn’t mean to kill an endangered species, the law can’t and won’t stop you,” he stressed. “That’s ridiculous—and a totally illegal, active misreading of the Endangered Species Act. We’ll see the Trump administration in court about this.”



Groups Call Senate Permitting Deal a ‘Blatant Giveaway to Big Oil and Big Tech’

“If it comes to pass, this deal would bulldoze America’s most important wildlife law,” said one campaigner.


Green-winged teals are seen flying over water at Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge in Wyoming on April 25, 2019.
(Photo by Tom Koerner/US Fish and Wildlife Service/flickr/cc)

Brett Wilkins
Sep 30, 2026
COMMON DREAMS


A bipartisan Senate proposal to overhaul federal permitting rules drew fierce opposition Wednesday from environmental and wildlife advocates, who warn that the legislation could significantly weaken the Endangered Species Act and other key protections in service of boosting President Donald Trump’s pro-fossil fuel and artificial intelligence agenda.

Senate negotiators—chiefly Democrats Martin Heinrich (NM) and Sheldon Whitehouse (RI) and Republicans Shelley Moore Capito (W.Va.) and Mike Lee (Utah)—reportedly reached an agreement Monday on the text of a sweeping permitting package intended to speed construction of energy and infrastructure projects.

While the full legislative text of the “Bipartisan American Affordability and Jobs Act of 2026” had not been publicly released as of Wednesday, reported provisions have prompted alarm among conservation groups, who warn that the proposal would weaken endangered species protections, shift federal authority and responsibility to states, limit scientific review and judicial oversight, and exempt some projects from key environmental consultations.

“If it comes to pass, this deal would bulldoze America’s most important wildlife law,” Defenders of Wildlife president and CEO Andrew Bowman said Wednesday. “We can build the infrastructure America needs without sacrificing the wildlife we have a responsibility to protect and that Americans cherish. Development should not come at the expense of science, accountability, or the ability of America’s most imperiled wildlife to survive.”

Oil Change International called the proposal “a blatant giveaway to Big Oil and Big Tech.”

“This ‘dirty deal’ threatens to raise electricity prices for working families by accelerating the buildout of energy-guzzling AI data centers and liquefied natural gas export projects,” said Oil Change International US campaigns manager Collin Rees. “Our recent research shows that the Trump administration’s support for reckless AI development and greater gas exports drives up energy costs for households.”

Brett Hartl, government affairs director at the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD), said that “this is a climate kill shot that condemns our most vulnerable communities to suffer decades more fossil fuel pollution.”

“It’s absurd to ensure our planet chokes with greenhouse gases, gut endangered species protections, and eviscerate the Clean Water Act for what seems to be a nearly meaningless victory against Trump’s war on offshore wind,” Hartl continued. “The minor benefits for renewable energy corporations are massively dwarfed by the gifts to the fossil fuel industry.”

“If this grotesque legislation becomes law, the paltry increases in renewable energy will be instantly devoured by AI data centers,” he added. “The only winners here are Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, tech oligarchs, and the shareholders of fossil fuel companies.”

According to CBD:
Today’s package contains numerous provisions that lock in thousands of fossil fuel projects, including oil and gas pipelines, [liquefied natural gas] export terminals, and expanded fossil fuel drilling onshore and offshore approved by President Trump over the past two years. It also ensures that future fossil fuel pipelines and methane gas-generated electricity can never be challenged in court.

Additional provisions gut parts of the Clean Water Act, including the Section 401 authority of states to protect their rivers and streams from the impacts of building pipelines and the [Environmental Protection Agency’s] Section 404(c) permit veto authority, which has been used to stop projects like the Pebble Mine in Alaska.

The legislation weakens the National Historic Preservation Act and Tribal consultations, leaving most Tribal nations with no meaningful way to protect their sovereignty when faced with potential fossil fuel projects on their lands.

Furthermore, CBD noted, “the legislation guts the Endangered Species Act by allowing states to take over the Section 7 consultation process with minimal safeguards, turning one of the law’s strongest provisions into a state-run rubber stamp of dangerous projects.”

The Western Environmental Law Center described the proposal as a “five-alarm fire,” warning that it could weaken the Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, [National Environmental Policy Act], and other safeguards.

“The permitting deal is a betrayal of public lands, water, and wildlife, and environmental justice values that Westerners depend on,” said Erik Schlenker-Goodrich, the group’s executive director, who warned that the measure could ultimately “hobble the ability of future administrations to enact an ambitious climate and conservation agenda.”

Hartl called out Democrats Heinrich and Whitehouse for “giving away our most cherished environmental laws based on fantastical models that project a renewable energy utopia.”

“They’re rewarding a ruthless fossil fuel industry that will always put its quarterly profits ahead of a livable planet and future generations,” he said. “Trump promised fossil fuel companies that he’d do everything in his power to assist them in his second term, and Sen. Heinrich and Sen. Whitehouse seem hell-bent on helping Trump fulfill that promise.”

Bowman contended that “Congress should be looking for ways to make permitting more efficient rather than a Trojan horse to weaken the Endangered Species Act.”

“Efficiency and conservation are not opposing goals,” he added. “A durable permitting bill should deliver both. Congress should not lock in permanent damage to the Endangered Species Act simply to get a deal today.”


Conservationists Vow Court Fight as DHS Lifts Pause on Big Bend Border Construction

“We won’t let them destroy the wildest place in Texas without a fight,” the Center for Biological Diversity vowed.



Construction of the Trump administration’s border barrier project procedes at Mariscal Mountain in Big Bend National Park in Texas on August 15, 2026.
(Photo by Laiken Jordah/Clenter for Biological Diversity)

Brett Wilkins
Sep 30, 2026
COMMON DREAMS

The Trump administration on Wednesday allowed a temporary pause on border construction in and around Big Bend National Park in Texas to expire, prompting renewed vows from conservationists and other opponents to fight the contentious project in court.

Laiken Jordahl, the national public lands advocate at the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD), posted a court document stating that US Customs and Border Protection (CBP)k “will lift the pause on ground-disturbing activities” related to the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) plan to build border barriers and other destructive infrastructure across one of the most remote and environmentally sensitive stretches of the US-Mexico border.

The government said Tuesday in a court filing that CBP is “actively considering adjustments” to the project “that would reduce its scope and avoid or minimize potential impacts, based on input received from the National Park Service and other stakeholders.”




However, those possible changes did not assuage opponents of the project, who span the political spectrum.

“We are disappointed, and urge the Department of Homeland Security to extend this pause,” Emily Thompson, executive director of the Coalition to Protect America’s National Parks, said Wednesday. “Continuing with construction of border barriers, roads, and associated infrastructure inside Big Bend National Park will do unprecedented damage to the park.”

Thompson continued:
Big Bend National Park stands out for its unique desert landscape. With more nesting bird species than any other national park, towering canyon walls, and the largest international dark sky reserve in the entire world, Big Bend is an integral addition to our nation’s natural heritage. The Trump administration’s plan to build a border wall through the park threatens all of this, heightening flood risk, inundating the skies with lights, and cutting off migration patterns for wildlife. Building in Big Bend would be mutilating an extraordinary landscape at a massive cost to the taxpayer—with little ultimate benefit.

Bob Krumenaker, chair of Keep Big Bend Wild and a former Big Bend National Park superintendent, asserted that “border security already works” in the park “without the need for intrusive construction.”

“The Border Patrol, the National Park Service, and local sheriffs already operate an effective surveillance system with ground and aerial patrols and unobtrusive, wireless sensors,” he noted. “The rugged terrain, huge distances, and harsh desert weather in the national park and in Mexico across the Rio Grande make this the least active section of the entire southern border for illegal crossings.”

CBD and other plaintiffs are already seeking a preliminary injunction in federal court. US District Judge Kathleen Cardone—an appointee of former President George W. Bush—is scheduled to hear testimony and evidence Friday in El Paso on the request to halt construction while the groups’ lawsuit proceeds. The plaintiffs argue that the Trump administration unlawfully waived dozens of federal laws to accelerate construction.

Indigenous peoples and their advocates have criticized DHS for waiving laws, including the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and the Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act, to enable the project’s construction.

In a statement issued Wednesday, CBD described some of the damage already done by construction in service of Trump’s deadly immigration crackdown:
Bulldozers started tearing into Big Bend National Park near the iconic Santa Elena Canyon in early August and were documented plowing new routes for vehicle barriers into both the east and west sides of Mariscal Mountain. Contractors have stockpiled heavy equipment across the Big Bend region, where staging yards have been cleared, worker camps built, and water wells drilled.

“We’ll be in court... in El Paso demanding a permanent halt to the destruction,” CBD said. “We won’t let them destroy the wildest place in Texas without a fight.

Friday, September 25, 2026

Apologies to Caligula: Trump Is Out of His Goddamn Mind

Trump’s horrific war in Iran as already shown that artificial intelligence can be an accessory to mass murder, and if we do nothing, it will kill again.



A map labeling Lake Ontario as “Lake America” is displayed as U.S. President Donald Trump signs an executive order during an event in the Oval Office of the White House on August 27, 2026 in Washington, DC.
(Photo by Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

Will Bunch
Sep 24, 2026the Philadelphia Inquirer


I feel like I need to apologize for a column a couple of months ago when I compared the current president of the United States to Caligula, the possibly mad Roman emperor who is said to have nominated his trusted horse for high office. I need to apologize to Caligula. From pitching his triumphal D.C. arch as a storage shed for deadly snipers’ bullets to banning reporters from the White House in a narcissistic rage, Donald Trump is losing his grip on reality. This is unsustainable.
Worried about AI killing humans? Bad news: It already is.

Which is it?




‘The President of the United States Is Mentally Unwell’: Deranged Trump Posts AI Slop of Iran Bombing



‘Absolutely Bonkers’ and ‘Unacceptable’: Trump Posts Map Showing US Takeovers of Other Nations

Are the robots of AI, or artificial intelligence, so smart that they’re on the verge of holding a secret meetup in the darkest corner of the dark web and developing a plot to kill all humans through germ warfare, to make sure we don’t kill them first by pulling the plug?

Or is AI so dumb — artificial stupidity, despite the billionaires of Silicon Valley showing up daily on our TV screen to brag about the sky-high IQ of their son, Claude — that the thing that will murder us is a crazy hallucination that will turn a false alarm into World War III?

The fact that we can’t answer this should give us pause, but maybe we aren’t even asking the right question. Maybe the real issue is how easy we’ve made it to kill off the human race — a capability that was already created by people even before we invented the computer.

One thing is certain. Artificial intelligence has already been an accessory to mass murder, and if we do nothing, it will kill again.

Remember the very first days of the now seemingly endless Iran war, and the news that two missile strikes had obliterated a school for young children in the Iranian coastal city of Minab, in an apparent “double-tap” strike in which the second attack from the skies killed young girls and boys and their teachers as they huddled in a prayer hall?

Those bombings, which killed 156 people on Feb. 28, caused the United Nations’ Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran to report last week that it found “reasonable grounds to believe that the United States committed a war crime by launching indiscriminate attacks …” The U.S. government has never taken responsibility for the bloodshed, despite overwhelming visual evidence that the bombs were precision-guided U.S. Tomahawk missiles.

It didn’t take long for additional speculation that an AI program had mistakenly targeted the school, perhaps using outdated maps and info from an earlier time when its buildings were attached to an Iranian military complex. After all, the Pentagon has been openly bragging about the death and destruction facilitated by its use of Palantir’s Smart Maven System and also Anthropic’s Claude.

Last week, Bloomberg News reported that the Pentagon’s overreliance on AI, and specifically the Palantir Maven program, was a major factor in the school tragedy, along with the outdated intelligence about the Minab site — the “garbage in.” Its exposé noted that U.S. military planners were racing to identify some 1,000 Iranian targets in the early hours of the war, giving humans little time to double-check the list. Kindergartners were slaughtered as a result.

This was hardly the first time robots have been linked to human death, both in war — in 2024, +924 Magazine reported the Israel Defense Forces were using an AI program code-named “Lavender” to target sites amid the mass killing in Gaza — and in peace, as shown by numerous accounts of robots helping troubled people die by suicide.

And yet, it could have been much, much worse. At the same time as the Bloomberg report on the AI link to the mass killing in Iran, the world also learned that a false report generated by robot intelligence nearly sparked a conflict between the United States and China that could conceivably have spiraled into major fighting.

CNN and other outlets have reported that a U.S. special operations command analyst working with AI generated an urgent report that a Chinese ship bound toward the Middle East was carrying components for a nuclear weapons system, which caused military leaders to scramble jets and assemble a team to seize the vessel.

Only at the last minute did the Pentagon dig deeper and learn the AI-generated report was completely false, a hallucination — one that nearly triggered a violent conflict between the world’s two largest military powers.

The two disturbing reports about the use, or misuse, of AI by the U.S. military in a time of war did make news but didn’t get nearly as much attention — either in the media or on sites like Bluesky or X — as warnings from both whistleblowers and CEOs in Silicon Valley that a swarm of robots could decide on their own and without any human intervention or awareness to try to kill off our so-called civilization.

The fear of an unprompted attack from AI secret agents is real, based on several incidents that have already occurred, including a well-planned and partly successful operation by OpenAI’s robot agents to hack into a company called Hugging Face.

Still, it says something about human intelligence that we are captivated by the unknown and mysterious possibility of a random attack, while the fact that people are currently misusing AI to cause death and suffering is a less compelling story. I noted in this space last week that the threat to humankind from climate change is arguably even more real — and yet this gets denied by many and ignored by others.

It’s also striking to me as a boomer born in 1959 that a generation that was born into a time of constant terror — backyard bomb shelters, “duck and cover” drills in the classroom, and sci-fi horror at the drive-in that an atomic arms race could kill us at any moment — is suddenly back to where we started.

Over 81 years, humans were smart enough never to drop another nuclear weapon (well, not intentionally) after the mass murders at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but not bright enough to figure out how to eliminate the nuclear threat altogether.

The fact that civilization managed to — so far — pause the number of world wars at two has given us the space and the false bravado to create new and much more insidious killing machines, and the threat from invisible robots on a hidden dark web is somehow even scarier than the radioactive mushroom cloud that we more or less understand.

Boomers who went to bed as kids in the 1950s and ‘60s praying we wouldn’t die before we woke are now spending our senior-citizen-discount years fearful that something stranger than science fiction is coming for our children, or grandchildren. Over the course of a lifetime, the arc of that moral universe has not bent at all.

Still, humans were able, somehow, to prevent nuclear annihilation so far, and now it’s past time to get to work on the actual threats from AI and start on those workarounds. For example, the articles I’ve read speculating on how the robots plan to kill us frequently mention the prospect of AI agents developing bioweapons and releasing them, either on their own or prompted by a bad actor. (In theory, human development of bioweapons has been banned for a half century.)

From everything I’ve read so far about AI, it sounds like we’d have better luck safeguarding or eliminating the components that could make a biological agent rather than stopping the robots. Likewise, AI agents would not be able to start an atomic apocalypse if our human politicians went to work at finally eliminating nuclear weapons. Artificial intelligence won’t kill little girls in an Iranian school if humans don’t start dumb wars in the first place.

If Silicon Valley’s prophets of doom are serious, there’s no fix that’s too big or too ambitious. But understand that the biggest problem isn’t that AI wants to murder us, but that since 1942 we humans have been busy creating all the suicidal weapons AI agents could use.

Can you even “duck and cover” from a killer robot? I don’t intend to find out, and I don’t want my yet-to-be-born grandchildren to have to even think about it.


© 2023 Philadelphia Inquirer


Will Bunch
Will Bunch is the national columnist for the Philadelphia Inquirer -- with some strong opinions about what's happening in America around social injustice, income inequality and the government.
Full Bio >


Trump Is Busy Renaming and Remaking the World In His Grotesque Image

Sometime before his third term in office, he’ll suddenly begin tearing down the West Wing of the White House (including the Oval Office) and in its place will construct a triumphal statue of—but of course, who else?—himself.



A gold Trump statue is grounded in Ohio.
(Photo by Eli Hiller AFP via Getty Images)


Tom Engelhardt
Sep 24, 2026
Common Dreams


Honestly, in this strange world of ours, what is there to write about except, of course, Donald Trump?

Oh, well, as a start, I could write about my country’s war with Iran and the way the militaries of the two countries are going after each other’s naval vessels. Oh, wait, that couldn’t be a more Trumpian subject, could it?
So, maybe I could write about great white sharks, which would certainly be cooler to see than “our” president. But what do I know about great white sharks? (Of course, I’m sure you won’t be surprised to learn that, the moment after I wrote that, I put “Trump, Great White Shark” into my search window and promptly came up with a set of pieces beginning with the Palm Beach Post‘s “President Trump Misses Great White Shark Visit to Mar-a-Lago Waters” and The Guardian’s “Trump Is ‘Obsessed’ and ‘Terrified’ of Sharks—But His Fears Are Excessive.”

Sooner or later, once he’s finished with all the cities, states, and politicians, he could, of course, move on to the rest of our vocabulary and I would be able to Trump you rather than stump you when I write my future pieces.

Or maybe, I could write not about the present disaster of a war in the Strait of Trumpmuz, but the next one my country is likely to face, undoubtedly with Turkey—or do I mean Indonesia, or maybe Turkmenistan, or even perhaps Turkwomenistan (a country still to be created, of course, but that’s no reason not to go to war with it)? And all of them could be turned into Trumpific countries. Still, that’s so boringly unpredictably predictable, don’t you think? I mean, as the old line went, war, what is it good for? And the classic answer (if only!): Absolutely nothing! But in the era of Pete Hegseth and crew, that would need to be changed to: Absolutely everything!

Or maybe I could write about the odds that “my” president might be peached—that is, covered in overly ripe fruit, since in a historic first (or do I mean second?), he’s already been impeached twice to distinctly little effect. So why not try that instead? It makes him sound delicious, don’t you think?

Or perhaps I could focus on the future of mail-out voting, since “my” president is already distinctly (and yes, I just can’t help using that word again) determined to severely limit, if not simply do away with, the mail-in version of the same. Or maybe instead, I could deal with his administration’s likely urge to wipe out any chance of the future creation of an Antarctic Report Card about the second fastest-warming (and melting) area on this planet (and its ice sheet that has existed for a mere 30 million years or so), since his crew has already gone after the latest report on the fastest-warming place of all, the Arctic, by—yes, of course!—ending its funding.

Or, hey, how about if I focus instead on the fate of the US military’s privates, since Secretary of War Pete Hegseth has been taking superior care of its leaders who have been endlessly in the news. After all, he’s already fired or blocked the promotion of more than 80 generals and admirals, or about 10% of its high command (and I don’t have the slightest doubt that he’s just getting started). Sooner or later, when all the generals and admirals are gone, he’ll have to move down the ranks, right? I can’t help but believe that, in the end, he and the rest of his crew in Washington will be eager to fully privatize the military and turn themselves into the missing generals and admirals, or do I mean privates first class?

Or, come to think of it, since Donald Trump (labelled by The Guardian’s Marina Hyde as this planet’s “most tireless freelance cartographer”) has had the urge not just to rename Lake Ontario and the Gulf of Mexico as Lake America and the Gulf of America, but to dub the state of New Mexico as “New America,” how about if I spend a little time on what I’m sure will be his future renaming efforts. I mean, he’s certainly going to rename New York City (where he, like the author of this piece, was born so long ago) Old Trumpian City; and California as Trumpifornia (and, of course, its governor as Gavin OldTrump); and North and South Carolina as North Trump and South Trump, not to speak of Florida as Florump.

Phew! That was one long sentence and yet we’re undoubtedly only at the start of his renaming process. Sooner or later, once he’s finished with all the cities, states, and politicians, he could, of course, move on to the rest of our vocabulary and I would be able to Trump you rather than stump you when I write my future pieces.

Or, for that matter, I could skip to the president’s dance hall (undoubtedly to be known someday as Trump’s rock and roll) for which he’s already torn down the East Wing of that historically less than interesting building, the White House, or the 250-foot Great Triumphal Arch and Military Observation Deck he’s building that will be larger than Paris’s Arc de Triomphe, and instead put my energy into predicting the president’s next major architectural surprise in Washington, DC. Here’s my best guess (and I’ll be shocked if it doesn’t come true): Sometime before his third term in office—and count on him wanting that (to hell with such an ancient and useless document as the Constitution)—he’ll suddenly begin tearing down the West Wing of the White House (including the Oval Office) and in its place will construct a triumphal statue of—but of course, who else?—himself (or rather Himself). It goes without saying that it will be larger not just than the Arc de Triomphe but his own Arch of Triumph. And when he’s done with that, you can count on one thing: There will simply be no way to make our nation’s capital any more statuesque.

Not surprisingly, his White House spokespeople are already praising his construction efforts in Washington, including his magnificently green Trump Memorial Reflecting (or do I mean Deflecting?) Pool. As one of them put it recently, “Thanks to the Builder-in-Chief, no other president has done more to beautify our nation’s interior than President Trump.” (And don’t you find it beyond weird, under the circumstances, that, as The Washington Post reports, “nearly 2 in 3, 65% [of Americans], feel dissatisfied or upset” by his Washington building projects?)

Or what about a possible desire to replace presidentially loathed “birth tourism”—no matter that the Supreme Court last summer ensured babies born here would indeed become US citizens despite every effort by the Trump crew—with something distinctly presidential and much to be loved: “death tourism.” Wouldn’t that be the perfect formula for You Know Who?

Oh, and I don’t think I even mentioned it, but a source within the administration has assured me privately that President Trump is going to end his second term in office and begin his third term—no, the Supreme Court wouldn’t dare stop him!—by renaming himself Donald Trumplincoln and will come to be known in his later years as “Old Don” as his Civil War-era predecessor was known as “Old Abe.” (Whoops, sorry, my mistake! That was an eagle of the Civil War era!) I meant “Honest Abe” and (Dis)Honest Don.

And none of that, not a bit of it, should seem even faintly surprising from such a distinctly presidential figure.



Our work is licensed under Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). Feel free to republish and share widely.


Tom Engelhardt

The above piece, published here with permission, first appeared at Tom Engelhardt's substack page, where you can find more of his writing.

Engelhardt, was editor-in-chief of TomDispatch.com for over 24 years, is the author of numerous books, including: "A Nation Unmade by War" (2018, Dispatch Books), "Shadow Government: Surveillance, Secret Wars, and a Global Security State in a Single-Superpower World" (2014, with an introduction by Glenn Greenwald), "Terminator Planet: The First History of Drone Warfare, 2001-2050"(co-authored with Nick Turse), "The United States of Fear" (2011), "The American Way of War: How Bush's Wars Became Obama's" (2010), and "The End of Victory Culture: a History of the Cold War and Beyond" (2007).
Full Bio >


Could Trump, Who Coveted a Nobel Peace Prize, Become the Worst War Criminal in History?

In his UN General Assembly speech this week, Trump told the world that he is in the process of deciding whether to “annihilate” Iran and “send them to hell,” implying that he might use nuclear weapons. He has to be convinced that this is totally unacceptable—before he does something even more crazy than usual!


Connie Peck
Sep 24, 2026
Common Dreams

In a highly aggressive 40-minute speech to the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, President Donald Trump once again issued ominous threats to Iran, saying: “I have a very big decision to make. Will a deal be made with Iran that lets them rebuild and create a far greater country than it ever was before, maybe one of the greatest in the Middle East or even the world? Or do I annihilate the Islamic Republic and do it quickly, never giving them a chance to kill or destroy people or countries again? Do I drive them into hell with no chance of survival and no hope of future greatness or generations?”

He implied that his “very big decision” would come after the midterms, suggesting that Iran is waiting to make a deal until then and, if one isn’t forthcoming, then he would choose annihilation.

Several commentators have noted that his extreme rhetoric was all the more shocking in the context of being delivered, as it was, at the world’s foremost international organization for the peaceful settlement of disputes, created in the aftermath of World War II “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind.”

Every one of us has an obligation to ensure that we don’t experience such a bleak future, and to totally reject the idea that anyone should be able to decide to “destroy a civilization” or “annihilate” a people and a culture.

Indeed, all states that become members of the UN agree to resolve their disputes peacefully and to refrain from the threat or use of force against one another, as an obligation of membership—an agreement that the US is currently violating.

Although some news outlets lamented the tone of Trump’s speech and fact-checked it (finding the usual errors), few have explicitly pointed out his not-so-veiled threat to use nuclear weapons. Most have simply ignored it, and a few have even seemed to excuse it, suggesting that it was simply a “negotiating ploy.”

But this threat is similar to others he has made over the last seven months of the war, at moments of extreme personal frustration. On Easter morning, for example, he wrote on his social media account, “Open the F***in’ Strait, you crazy bastards, or you’ll be living in Hell—JUST WATCH! Praise be to Allah.”

A couple of days later, he warned: “A whole civilization will die tonight never to be brought back again. I don’t want that to happen, but it probably will… We will find out tonight, one of the most important moments in the long and complex history of the World.” He has also threatened on several occasions to “bomb Iran back to the Stone Ages.”

I have previously written about the extreme danger of the president of the United States having “sole authority” to launch nuclear weapons and the ease with which he can do so. As William Perry, former secretary of defense under Clinton, has written, “For President Trump, starting nuclear war is about as easy as sending a tweet.”

This is especially concerning given his mental state. On April 30, a group of 36 senior mental health professionals, experienced in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and the evaluation of dangerousness, issued an update to their earlier 2024 report, concluding (after citing the reasons):
It is our professional opinion that the behaviors of Donald Trump, tragically, are neither momentary lapses nor political theater. It is our professional opinion that they reflect a rapidly worsening, reality-untethered, increasingly dangerous decline… For the reasons cited above, emphasizing that he presents a clear and present danger to our country and to the world, it is our expert opinion that Donald J. Trump is mentally unfit to be the president of the United States and that steps to remove him from office must be undertaken with the greatest urgency.

Although the use of nuclear weapons is a considered to be a taboo, Trump has previously broken international taboos (seemingly without even knowing they existed), such as the taboo against political assassination, which he violated on February 28, when Israel and the US attacked Iran, assassinating its supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khameni, four of his family members, and a number of other senior Iranian leaders.

Most ghastly of all is what would happen if Trump were to use his “sole authority“ to launch nuclear weapons against a country of 90 million people. The horrors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki—already overwhelming in terms of human tragedy—would be unleashed exponentially against the population of Iran, with whom Trump has previously claimed to empathize.

Because of the dramatically increased power of today’s nuclear weapons and their sheer numbers, the results could be more monstrous than any war crime in human history. Even the use of tactical nuclear weapons would be appalling beyond comprehension, and the use of a full-fledged nuclear attack that would “annihilate” the country would, without doubt, bring about one of the darkest periods in world history. The death, destruction, and suffering would be beyond parallel.

It would also make Trump the worst war criminal in history, instantly convert the US into a state pariah, be a terrible blight on humanity, and lead to many unforeseen consequences.

One playbook of unforeseen consequences is that Russian President Vladimir Putin could follow suit in Ukraine (with equally horrific effects). NATO might then feel that it would have to respond in kind, and the resulting escalation could lead to World War III and nuclear Armageddon.

Even if there were no further iterations (which is unlikely), the results could lead to a nuclear winter, where smoke and soot from Iran’s burning cities and other infrastructure would loft into the upper atmosphere, blocking sunlight, darkening the sky, and chilling the Earth, creating massive crop failures and famine. Studies have shown that even a “limited” war could cause a nuclear winter that would (depending on the size of the attack) cause untold billions around the world to die of starvation.

It is no wonder that everyone wants to pretend that Trump’s threats weren’t really what they seemed and probably wouldn’t be acted upon because Trump would live up to his TACO (“Trump Always Chickens Out”) reputation.

But one of the very important, hard-learned lessons of international relations is that, when a leader makes a threat against another state, it should be taken with deadly seriousness. This has sometimes been overlooked, as, for example, in 1990, when Saddam Hussein amassed troops on his border with Kuwait and threatened to invade. No one took it seriously—until Iraq followed through, leading to the first Gulf War.

Much as we would all like to forget these terrible threats, we can’t. The leaders of the world must clearly communicate to Trump the likely consequences of his actions and the utter unacceptability of this path. Members of Congress must do the same, and we, the public, must collectively urge them to do so.

Legal means of removing Trump from office should also be undertaken, such as the 25th Amendment; Rep. Jamie Raskin’s (D-Md.) proposed nonpartisan “Commission on Presidential Capacity to Discharge the Powers and Duties of Office“; or impeachment. All of this is much more likely if the Democrats win the House and the Senate in the upcoming midterms, in which we, the public, can also make a significant difference—by voting accordingly.

Every one of us has an obligation to ensure that we don’t experience such a bleak future, and to totally reject the idea that anyone should be able to decide to “destroy a civilization” or “annihilate” a people and a culture (regardless of how we judge their behavior or our fears of their future actions). This is totally against international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law. Such a decision should NOT be made under any circumstances, especially by one individual, who is most likely cognitively impaired; definitely feeling frustrated and aggrieved; and who doesn’t have any understanding of the consequences of the extreme threats he is making—but who does have the capacity to carry out a nuclear launch at any time.


Our work is licensed under Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). Feel free to republish and share widely.


Connie Peck
Dr. Connie Peck is the founder of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research Programme in Peacemaking and Conflict Prevention—the first training program in negotiation and mediation for senior UN staff and diplomats (now in its 33rd year). She is the author of a number of books and numerous articles and book chapters on conflict resolution and the nuclear threat.
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White House Airs ‘Illegal’ Trump Propaganda Ad ‘Paid For By the US Government’

“Weirdest way to violate the Hatch Act, ever.”



A screenshot from an ad for President Donald Trump posted by the White House on September 23, 2026, which was labeled as “paid for by the US Government.”
(Screenshot from The White House on YouTube)


Stephen Prager
Sep 24, 2026
COMMON DREAMS

The White House is being accused of violating federal law after it aired an ad glorifying President Donald Trump, which it explicitly said was “paid for by the US government.”

The ad was first reported by CBS News Miami investigative reporter Jim DeFede, who saw it airing on Fox News Wednesday night.

The 30-second spot features numerous videos and images of Trump, set to the song “Love Me” by JMSN. It includes voiceovers by the president railing against “communism,” a label he’s regularly used to hammer Democrats as the midterm elections approach.


“Together we will defeat communism, socialism, and Marxism, in America,” it features Trump saying. “America will never be a communist country.”

The video then goes on to amplify, in bright red letters, what the White House views as Trump’s signature policy accomplishments and goals: the “largest tax cuts in history,” “reigniting American manufacturing,” and “defend law and order and police.”

Footage from the 2024 Republican National Convention featuring Trump alongside Ultimate Fighting Championship president and CEO Dana White is then shown.

“He is the toughest, most resilient person that I’ve ever met,” White is heard saying about Trump. “And nothing was going to stop him from fighting so hard for the country he loves.”

As White is heard slathering Trump with praise, a message appears at the bottom of the screen in large white letters: “Paid for by the US government.”



DeFede described the taxpayer-funded message as “clearly a campaign ad.”

Many onlookers found the use of government resources to flood the airwaves with nakedly partisan messaging chilling, particularly in light of Trump’s recent attempts to censor critical media outlets and establish a state-run TV channel, while designating political opponents as “terrorists.”

Fernand R. Amandi, a political science professor at the University of Miami and analyst at MS NOW—a network recently banned from the White House by Trump—said that the use of state organs for messages like these was an “unmistakable [sign] you live under an authoritarian, fascist government.”

Longtime Senate Democratic aide Jim Manley said the ad was not just “creepy,” but also “illegal.”

Provisions in annual appropriations laws explicitly forbid federal appropriations from being used for “publicity or propaganda purposes.”

For decades, the nonpartisan Government Accountability Office has interpreted this to mean that the executive branch can’t use federal dollars for material whose “obvious purpose is ‘self-aggrandizement’ or ‘puffery,’” or for communications that are “purely partisan.”

The Hatch Act also bans federal employees from using their official authority or government resources for partisan activity. While Trump himself is not subject to the Hatch Act, most other senior government employees and appointees are.

The Trump administration has been accused of violating the Hatch Act on multiple occasions during his second term, including by using official agency websites to run messages blaming “Radical Left” Democrats for last year’s lengthy government shutdown.

During Trump’s first term, multiple officials were found to have violated the Hatch Act for arguably less overt offenses.

Former Acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf was found to have violated the law by hosting a naturalization ceremony orchestrated to generate footage for the 2020 Republican National Convention. Former Trump housing official Lynne Patton, meanwhile, admitted to violating the act by using her government position to recruit participants for an RNC video, resulting in a $1,000 fine and a four-year ban from federal employment.

It’s not clear which government employees were behind the taxpayer-funded Trump ad. But Max Flugrath, the communications director at the voting rights group Fair Fight, said it was the “weirdest way to violate the Hatch Act, ever.”

Tuesday, September 22, 2026

Guinness Meditations And Fine Retreats: The Drunken Poet Turns Twenty – OpEd


The Drunken Poet website homepage. Image source: Screenshot from thedrunkenpoet.com.au


September 21, 2026

By Binoy Kampmark

Key Takeaways:

Johnson’s inn, Melbourne edition. The author quotes Samuel Johnson (March 1776) on taverns as happiness machines, then says most pubs have become TV-and-pokies tombs. Opposite Queen Victoria Market, the Drunken Poet—turning twenty—bans screens and poker machines.

Siobhán’s pour. Owner Siobhán Dooley treats the Guinness settle as liturgy and rolls kegs that “giant men” cannot. Portraits of writers, live music, speeches, poetry; people read and take notes; men even queue for the loo.

The house books. Passed-around notebooks catch one-liners—“It’s hard to learn the easy way,” “I don’t like homework”—and a mix of farm boys, cooks, first dates, and cider drinkers. Author’s toast: a midpoint between home and the funeral, still holding time still.


Ale house readings, spiritual zest, and the inevitable crapulous effect: a pub, the public house, the inn, the tavern, that home that functions between your actual home and the funeral rites that lie ahead, a space where so much living is done, the indifferent years passing in unnoticed flow. “There is no private house in which people can enjoy themselves so well as at a capital tavern,” the garrulous lexicographer Samuel Johnson is documented as saying in March, 1776. “There is nothing which has yet been contrived by man by which so much happiness is produced as by a good tavern or inn.”

Despite Johnson’s fine assessment, few drinking places necessarily achieve that existential midpoint of living and imbibing and carousing. They are often sullen abodes, desperate retreats, despairing hives. In the last three decades, they have become residences for the dead on an extended holiday, wasting away before multiple television screens and that life destroying device known as the poker machine. Get thee to death, and in the afterlife awaits a ghastly screen of flickering images on an infernal loop.

Melbourne’s Irish establishment known as the Drunken Poet (so assuredly apt), located opposite that venerable agora, the Queen Victoria Market, singularly towers in opposition to that grim reality. There are no screens to distract and lobotomise. There are no poker machines to gull and pilfer. There are largely solemn portraits of poets and writers hung in a venue that evokes wood and reliability. There are advertisements for upcoming bands. There is bubbling, even flooding conversation. There are people who – and this is unusual – read books and take notes in comforting ecstasy. Also unusual and sociologically enchanting: male queues for the lavatory on a busy Friday and Saturday night.


The Poet is the product of Siobhán Dooley, a petite sample of human perfection who knows how to pour a Guinness with studied detail and religious commitment. The eager drinker, yearning to slake a crippling thirst, will be chided for prematurely reaching out for the glass as it foamily broods at the bar. “You must wait,” she growls. It’s all about the wait, and what arrives for those who do so. This cherished publican is also singular in handling those monsters known as kegs, repositories of the Guinness that must be rolled, dragged and pushed each week for the thirsting throng. Giant men have wept in attempting to move these imposing beasts; Siobhán does so with aplomb, so much so she sends hearts racing for those perched on mahogany ridge (the bar, for the unfamiliar).

Beyond the art of the pour – she is the Delphic priestess who instructs, with unmatched care, those she employs – comes the cultural scene the Poet metaphorically feeds and clothes. In this regard, the pub acts as incubator and transmitter, turning the embryo of suggestion into the child of genuine living. (The recent, modish suggestion is that this is a form of Irish soft power. This is a misnomer: such venues are bastions of generous, firm influence.) Gatherings for music, gatherings for speeches, poetry and comic interludes. Many miles are covered by those making the journey to a place where they know civilization heaves for the better.


The accounts of those who have passed through this home away from home fill notebooks that are passed around the patrons. These are the inn chronicles of life, the record keeping of human engagement. A sense of wonder appears across their faces when meeting a virgin sheet upon which they will mark a memory and scratch a rumination. “It’s hard to learn the easy way,” writes one from August this year. “A happy reprieve from a Tasmanian winter,” pens another from May. “Go where the mind blows, under the blue skies of Melbourne, into the depths of earth, never have I ever, needed a glass of Guinness this much,” reflects yet another punter about to pipe her eye and put lips to rim. “My name is Alex,” scribbles Alex. “I don’t like homework.” Who does?

There are boys from the rural reaches of this ancient country, the arid hinterland of the world’s second driest continent, craving the Guinness of this establishment like moist manna, finding its cream and lengthy taste fortifying, their memories of better times restored in each sip. There are Latin American cooks of smouldering beauty, and Irish chefs giving off the divine, nose tingling smell of wakame after a shift. They are first dates with thumping hearts, fools and knaves finding their bearings in a world without bearings. There are the fresh initiates who have never had anything quite so distinct as this dark brew, braving a pint as their eyes widen upon the taste. There are those who simply opt for the Kilkenny or some inferior local brew. There are cider chasers, whisky devotees and computer geeks, the sexually confused and the sexually charged, the miracle seekers and the dream builders. There are simply those who enjoy the fact that time, however artificially, is held in check by the comforting sense of the familiar.


There are those of various faiths, beliefs and persuasions who find, even in the boisterous atmosphere, a sanctuary. This is the midpoint retreat, a barricade against the unpleasant. Perhaps, as the doomed planetary species known as humanity passes into self-inflicted oblivion, it would be a fitting tribute to this finest of institutions, turning twenty today, to say that this was one of its finer achievements, created by one of its finer exponents.



About Binoy Kampmark
Binoy Kampmark was a Commonwealth Scholar at Selwyn College, Cambridge. He lectures at RMIT University, Melbourne. Email: bkampmark@gmail.com
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Thursday, August 20, 2026

SPACE/COSMOS

Scientists Gain New Insight Into The Inner Workings Of Stellar Explosions




August 19, 2026

By Eurasia Review

Key Takeaways:

New experimental data show a key nuclear reaction that controls titanium-44 production in supernovae happens more slowly than previously thought, raising predicted titanium-44 yields by up to 35% and improving models of these explosions.

Precise measurements of a reaction powering Type-I X-ray bursts reduce uncertainty by more than tenfold and confirm that the nickel-copper cycle traps some nuclear material, affecting the bursts’ light curves.

Together the studies replace theory and estimates with experimental evidence, helping scientists better understand how stellar explosions forge and distribute chemical elements.


New clues about how stars explode and forge the chemical elements that make up everything from planets to people have come to light, thanks to research led by the University of Surrey.

In two separate papers published in Physical Review Letters, researchers investigated the nuclear reactions that take place inside supernovae and X-ray bursts – two of the Universe’s most powerful explosions. Together, the findings will help scientists build more accurate models of how stars explode and how newly formed elements are produced.

The first study focused on supernovae – bright, powerful explosions that mark the death of massive stars. Despite centuries of observations, scientists still do not fully understand how these explosions unfold. One of the best clues comes from radioactive titanium-44, which is produced during a supernova and can still be detected by space telescopes long after the explosion.


At Argonne National Laboratory in the United States, Surrey researchers obtained the first experimental data needed to determine the rate of a nuclear reaction that controls how much titanium-44 is produced during a supernova. They found the reaction happens much more slowly than previously thought, increasing predicted titanium-44 production by up to 35 per cent.

This will allow astronomers to compare computer models more closely with real observations, bringing them a step closer to understanding how supernovae occur.

The study’s lead, Dr Christopher Cousins, a postdoctoral researcher in the Nuclear Physics Group, said:

“It’s exciting to see just how far the field has come. A measurement like this would have been considered out of reach only a couple of decades ago, but it now gives us new insight into one of the biggest unanswered questions in astrophysics.”

The second study investigated X-ray bursts (Type-I) – the most frequent stellar explosions in the Universe – which occur when a dense neutron star pulls material from a nearby companion star, triggering repeated thermonuclear reactions that build heavier elements and release enormous amounts of energy.


Working at the new Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) in Michigan, USA, the team measured a nuclear reaction that powers X-ray bursts with far greater precision than previously possible, reducing uncertainty about how the reaction behaves by more than tenfold. The results settle a long-running question over the role of the nickel-copper cycle – a process that can temporarily trap nuclear material during an explosion – showing it influences X-ray burst light curves.

Lead author, Connor O’Shea, who is a postdoctoral researcher within the University of Surrey’s Nuclear Physics Group, said:

“One of the biggest unknowns was whether material becomes trapped in the nickel-copper cycle during an X-ray burst. We’ve shown that it does, but likely only a small proportion, giving us a much more realistic picture of these explosions.”

Professor Gavin Lotay, Professor of Nuclear Physics at the University of Surrey and principal investigator on both studies, said:

“Despite decades of research, we still don’t fully understand the nuclear reactions that power some of the Universe’s most spectacular stellar explosions. These two studies answer important questions about what happens inside both X-ray bursts and supernovae, providing experimental evidence where scientists previously had to rely on theory and estimates.

“Together, they give us a much clearer picture of how these explosions happen, allowing us to compare our models more closely with astronomical observations and bringing us closer to understanding how the chemical elements are created and spread throughout the Universe.”


Dark stars may have left gravitational-wave echos across the Universe



New study shows that pulsar timing arrays could probe how the Universe’s first supermassive black holes were born




Colgate University

Figure 4 from the paper, showing the predicted stochastic gravitational-wave background from supermassive-Dark-Star and direct-collapse-black-hole seeding scenarios compared with PTA measurements 

image: 

Predicted nanohertz gravitational-wave backgrounds from descendants of early supermassive black-hole seeds. Models in which black holes originate from collapsed supermassive Dark Stars can reach the gravitational-wave background measured by Pulsar Timing Arrays, whereas the much rarer direct-collapse-black-hole population considered in the study produces a substantially weaker signal.

view more 

Credit: Ghodla and Ilie, Physical Review D (2026).






Hamilton, NY — August 19, 2026 — A mysterious background of extremely low-frequency gravitational waves detected by networks of pulsars may carry information about events that began more than 13 billion years ago — including the formation of some of the first supermassive black holes in the Universe.

In a new study published as a Letter in Physical Review D, Sohan Ghodla and Cosmin Ilie of Colgate University investigate whether supermassive black holes formed in the early Universe could ultimately produce a substantial fraction of the gravitational-wave background now observed by Pulsar Timing Arrays, or PTAs.

Their results establish a direct connection between two seemingly very different observational frontiers: observations of unexpectedly massive black holes in the young Universe and gravitational waves produced by supermassive black-hole binaries billions of years later.

Remarkably, the researchers find that one possible population of early black-hole seeds — black holes left behind by supermassive Dark Stars — could potentially account for a dominant contribution to the observed PTA signal. “Pulsar timing arrays are usually thought of as probes of supermassive black-hole binaries in the relatively recent Universe,” said Ilie. “What our work shows is that the signal may also contain information about how the ancestors of those black holes formed at cosmic dawn. In that sense, gravitational waves observed today could provide a new window onto the birth of the first supermassive black holes.”

Using cosmic clocks to detect enormous black holes
Pulsar Timing Arrays use rapidly rotating neutron stars called pulsars as extraordinarily precise cosmic clocks. Passing gravitational waves subtly alter the arrival times of radio pulses reaching Earth. By monitoring many pulsars over years, collaborations around the world have detected evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background at nanohertz frequencies.

The leading astrophysical explanation is a cosmic population of inspiraling supermassive black-hole binaries. Black holes with combined masses greater than about a billion times the mass of the Sun are particularly important contributors at PTA frequencies. But building such enormous black holes raises another question: Where did their original seeds come from? Observations with facilities including the James Webb Space Telescope and Chandra have revealed massive black holes surprisingly early in cosmic history, intensifying interest in mechanisms capable of producing massive black-hole seeds rapidly.

Ghodla and Ilie asked whether descendants of such early seeds could survive, grow with their host galaxies, eventually form binaries, and generate the gravitational-wave background measured billions of years later.

A possible gravitational-wave signature of Dark Stars
The researchers considered two early black-hole formation channels: direct-collapse black holes and the collapse of supermassive Dark Stars.

Dark Stars are a proposed type of primordial star whose principal energy source is heating associated with dark matter rather than ordinary nuclear fusion. In the WIMP dark-matter scenario considered in the study, Dark Stars can remain comparatively cool and extended while continuing to accrete matter, potentially reaching masses of a million Suns or more before collapsing into massive black holes.

In this work Ghodla and Ilie followed the cosmological evolution of black holes produced by such seeds, modeled the halos in which they reside, calculated their merger rates and predicted the resulting gravitational-wave background. They find that if supermassive-Dark-Star remnants have a number density of order (10^{-3}\ {\rm Mpc}^{-3}), their descendants can make a major — and potentially dominant — contribution to the PTA gravitational-wave signal.

The competing direct-collapse-black-hole population considered in the study is expected to be far rarer, with characteristic densities around (10^{-6}\ {\rm Mpc}^{-3}), and consequently produces a much smaller contribution.

Turning gravitational waves into a census of the early Universe
The key insight of this work is the fact that existing PTA measurements can be used to place an upper limit on how abundant the early seeds of Supermassive Black holes could have been. “Produce too many of these massive seeds and you end up over-producing the PTA-detected signal. Produce too few, and you need other sources to efficiently assemble these supermassive black holes later in the life of the universe to match PTA observations,” said Ghodla.

For the models explored in the study, the researchers find that seed densities approximately in the (10^{-2})–(10^{-1}\ {\rm Mpc}^{-3}) range would begin to overproduce the measured gravitational-wave background, with the precise constraint depending strongly on the masses of the dark-matter halos in which the seeds formed. This means PTA observations can potentially do something unexpected: constrain populations of objects that existed at redshifts greater than 10, even though the gravitational-wave-producing mergers of their descendants occur much later. The calculation also confirms a previous result that binaries with total black-hole masses roughly above (10^9) solar masses dominate the predicted PTA signal. Lower-mass binaries contribute considerably less.

The result provides a new observational connection among dark matter physics, the formation of the first luminous objects, the origin of supermassive black holes and gravitational-wave astronomy.

“Dark Stars were originally proposed as objects that might be seen directly at cosmic dawn,” Ilie said. “This work points to a completely different way of testing their possible role in cosmic history. Their descendants could leave a gravitational-wave imprint that persists all the way to the present-day Universe.”

Future improvements in PTA measurements, combined with better constraints on high-redshift black-hole populations and their host galaxies, could therefore help distinguish among different scenarios for the origin of the Universe’s first supermassive black holes.