Tuesday, June 09, 2020

OPINION

Police violence enabled by ‘liberal’ US politicians

Biden says he doesn't support defunding police

Biden, other Democrats push back on police defunding ...


George Floyd’s death proves again why the US needs to defund bloated and militarized police departments

Airmen riot at Moody

MOODY AIR FORCE BASE, Ga. --
Moody hosted Georgia State Patrol’s Mobile Field Force semiannual riot control training, Nov. 16-17, here.

By SONALI KOLHATKAR JUNE 6, 2020


Police in riot gear stand in formation during protests on May 29, 2020, in Louisville, Kentucky, after the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Photo: AFP

Not since the mass protests that originated in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014 when a white police officer killed a black man named Michael Brown has the United States witnessed the current magnitude of the movement against police brutality.

The brutal videotaped killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis on May 25 has pushed Americans to the limit of what they will tolerate from police. Huge, multiracial protests have broken out in hundreds of cities demanding an end to racist policing.

While many of the problems can be laid at the feet of President Donald Trump, whose administration obliterated the modest Obama-era police reforms and who has delighted in openly encouraging police to be violent, the current status quo of accepting and encouraging racist and murderous policing has been a largely bipartisan project at the federal, state, and local level.

Also read: Bush sent military to quell 1992 riots; will Trump?

Protests against US police brutality have a long history that predates the rallying cry of “Black Lives Matter” becoming a household phrase. Well before Trump was on the national scene, Democratic and Republican leaders had many years to right the wrongs that black activists and community leaders were decrying.

After Rodney King’s brutal beating was caught on tape in Los Angeles and the acquittal of his abusers sparked a historic and violent uprising, there were years of reforms aimed at the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) that resulted in only the mildest changes. That liberal city, dominated by Democrats, continues to have the largest number of police killings nationwide and to date, the city’s first black female district attorney, Jackie Lacey, has refused to prosecute a single officer during her tenure.

When Eric Garner was choked to death by police in Staten Island, New York City, his horrific killing, captured on video, and his last words, “I can’t breathe,” sparked mass protests and deep discourse about reforming police protocols. But just as in Los Angeles, the core demand that activists have been making at least since the police murder of Amadou Diallo – that those who violate rights should be held legally accountable – has gone unmet.

Daniel Pantaleo, the New York Police Department (NYPD) officer who put Garner in a chokehold, remained on the force for five years and was ultimately fired but never charged. Like the LAPD, the NYPD has enjoyed the protection of a largely liberal and Democratic political landscape.

During the presidency of Barack Obama, some modest reforms were enacted at the federal level, largely through executive orders as Congress remained unable to break through political gridlock. Obama’s federal oversight of police departments through court-ordered consent decrees was a start, but in his last act as Trump’s attorney general, Jeff Sessions signed a memorandum that undid the Obama-era consent decrees before stepping down.

Trump also resumed the flow of military equipment and weapons to local police departments.


Now, as mass protests are taking place all over the US, the images of well-armed and flak-jacketed police facing off against protesters and violently subduing them while remaining encased in protective gear stands in stark contrast to America’s desperately under-equipped health-care workers who have been vainly trying to save as many lives as possible during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Police are clad head to toe in high-tech gear, face shields and body armor, with no shortage of plastic handcuffs, rubber bullets, and teargas canisters. The optics of these modern-day gestapo-like forces roaming city streets, bashing in heads and firing teargas into the faces of unarmed protesters, are a reminder of just how many federal- and state-level resources we Americans have poured into law enforcement over the years at the expense of health care, education, and other public needs.

Even as the economic collapse triggered by the pandemic threatened to devastate public school systems, in the liberal havens of Los Angeles and New York City, law-enforcement budgets remained unscathed.

California’s Democratic Governor Gavin Newsom proposed big cuts to schools to compensate for massive budget shortfalls at the same time that LAPD officers were receiving $41 million in bonuses. LA’s Democratic Mayor Eric Garcetti recently released this year’s proposed city budget – typical of previous years – which sets aside a whopping one-third of all city spending on police.

Similarly in New York City, the Democratic Mayor Bill de Blasio’s proposal to compensate for pandemic-related revenue losses is to make cuts to the school budget that are 27 times that of his city’s police budget cuts.


Alice Speri, writing in The Intercept, explains, “The US spends some $100 billion annually on policing,” and “in cities across the country, policing alone can take up anything between a third and 60% of the entire annual budget.”

And while the pandemic is forcing cities to make hard choices about which public services to slash, police-department budgets have remained immune to cuts. Liberal cities like LA, New York and Minneapolis, in the words of one journalist, “keep piling money on police departments.”


Just as congressional Democrats for far too long have poured money into the US military to fuel wars abroad – even outdoing Trump’s thirst for military largesse – the Democratic Party’s state and local leaders have poured money into domestic armed forces – the police – to fuel a war on us American citizens, and especially those among us with black or brown skin.

Now, because the collective public rage over police violence and impunity has reached a fever pitch, something extraordinary is happening. A long-standing activist call to defund the police is receiving a mainstream platform.


On May 30, The New York Times published an op-ed by two advocates of Black Lives Matter titled “No More Money for the Police.” Black Lives Matter has explicitly called for “a national defunding of police” and is demanding “investment in our communities and the resources to ensure black people not only survive, but thrive.”

Author Alex Vitale’s 2018 book The End of Policing aptly articulated on its cover, “The problem is not police training, police diversity, or police methods. The problem is the dramatic and unprecedented expansion and intensity of policing in the last 40 years, a fundamental shift in the role of police in society. The problem is policing itself.”

Vitale’s work has taken on new urgency during the protests over George Floyd’s killing. In a recent piece he wrote for The Guardian, he explained that the solution for local authorities to tackle police “is to dramatically shrink their function.” Vitale added, “We must demand that local politicians develop non-police solutions to the problems poor people face.”

That means mayors and governors from all parts of the US political spectrum need to stop subscribing to the notion that police can solve problems caused by poor education, health care and jobs, and directly start diverting money from police into education, health care and jobs.

Liberal leaders in particular, who have paid mere lip service for years to social justice, need to put their money where their mouth is and wrest it out of the hands of police departments.

This article was produced by Economy for All, a project of the Independent Media Institute, which provided it to Asia Times.


SONALI KOLHATKAR
Sonali Kolhatkar is the founder, host and executive producer of Rising Up with Sonali, a television and radio show that airs on Free Speech TV and Pacifica stations. More by Sonali Kolhatkar




ESTABLISHMENT POLITICIANS FEAR

DEFUND THE POLICE!
 SOME POLICE BUDGETS ARE 60% OF A CITY/STATE BUDGET
Jun 1, 2020 - Across the country, the police are often the one city agency not facing deep cuts in ... In Los Angeles, the LAPD budget is slated to actually increase by $123 million. ... That's about 60% more than the $119 million the city's Community ... than police or prisons,” the center, which works to transform state and ...

BECAUSE IT WILL LEAD TO

DEFUND THE MILITARY!
65% OF THE US BUDGET IS SPENT ON THE US MILITARY!




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Oct 3, 2019 - This Juristat article examines trends in police resources for Canada, the ... the police service budget who are not police officers, special constables, or recruits. ... on police equipment from either their non–salary operating budgets or ... of constables (60%) and greater proportion of officers among the higher ...
Chart 2 Average salary, different types of personnel, by level of policing, 2018

Chart 1 Police expenditures per capita, current dollars and constant dollars, Canada, 1987/1988 to 2017/2018
Chart 2 Average salary, different types of personnel, by level of policing, 2018
Chart 3 Rate of police officers and civilian personnel per 100,000 population, Canada, 1962 to 2018
Chart 4 Rate of police strength, by province and territory, 2018

May 22, 2020 - New York City and Los Angeles Slash Budgets — but Not for Police ... take up anything between a third and 60 percent of the entire annual budget. ... seen cuts from the state, but the NYPD is untouchable,” echoed Jason Wu, ...
May 13, 2020 - New Jersey announced that tax revenue for April was down 60% compared with ... Before the pandemic, most states had generally healthy budget situations ... money to keep teachers in classrooms, parks open and police on the streets. ... The National Governors Association, National League of Cities and ...


Aug 7, 2017 - A report released last month provides a glance at police budgets in ... Total police budget and share of cities' general fund expenditure in 2017.
Missing: 60%


by BA Reaves - ‎Cited by 81 - ‎Related articles
operating budgets, officer salaries and special pay, types of ... Among large city police departments, 1990-2000, changes included —. Highlights ... education incentive pay in 1990 (60%) and 2000 (61%). ... Annual operating budget of police departments serving cities ... State or local levels may affect the comparability of ...






Office lighting experiment suggests workers sleep longer when exposed to more daylight

Office lighting experiment suggests workers sleep longer when exposed to more daylight
(a) Photos and (b) floorplans of the two office environments. Credit: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2020). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093219
A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.S. has found that office workers sleep more hours each night when exposed to more sunlight during the day. In their paper published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, the group describes their experiments in real office buildings and what they learned from them.
Prior research has shown that when  are exposed to minimal natural light during their shifts, they tend to sleep less at night than people who are exposed to more  during the day—they also tend to perform less well on cognitive tests. Prior research has also shown that children exposed to more sunlight during the day tend to sleep longer than those who see little daylight. In this new effort, the researchers sought to learn more about the sunlight/sleep connection by carrying out an experiment in two adjacent offices in an  in Durham, North Carolina.
The experiments involved testing the differences in  for people working in nearly identical office environments situated right next to each other—the only real difference was the lighting. One office had the traditional blinds that obscure much of the sunlight coming through the large glass windows. In the other office, the windows were treated with electrochromic glazing technology that allows more sunlight to pass through while still minimizing glare. For the experiment, typical office workers were asked to work in both offices for one week. At the end of the week, the workers were asked to trade offices where they worked for another week. Also, each of the workers was fitted with a wrist actigraph that measured and recorded how long the wearer was asleep each night.
The researchers found that both groups of workers slept longer when they worked in the office with more natural lighting—on average 37 minutes longer. The researchers found that the positive effects of sunlight grew as the week wore on—scores on cognitive tests improved each day. By the end of the week, the workers scored 42 percent higher. The researchers suggest their findings show that lighting should feature more prominently in the workplace, and that doing so would benefit both workers and those who employ them.Investigating glare: How bright is your office?

More information: Mohamed Boubekri et al. The Impact of Optimized Daylight and Views on the Sleep Duration and Cognitive Performance of Office Workers, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2020). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093219

Study finds our visual world of color is largely incorrect


How much color do we really see?
Gaze contingent rendering in immersive virtual reality. Observers wore a virtual reality headset equipped with real-time binocular eye trackers. As observers explored a scene, areas of the visual environment were desaturated so that only the area where they were looking was in the color. Participants were often unaware when up to 95 percent of their visual field was desaturated during this naturalistic viewing experience. Credit: Caroline Robertson.
Color awareness has long been a puzzle for researchers in neuroscience and psychology, who debate over how much color observers really perceive. A study from Dartmouth in collaboration with Amherst College finds that people are aware of surprisingly limited color in their peripheral vision; much of our sense of a colorful visual world is likely constructed by our brain. The findings are published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

To test people's visual awareness of color during naturalistic viewing, the researchers used head-mounted virtual reality displays installed with eye-trackers to immerse participants in a 360-degree real-world environment. The virtual environments included tours of historic sites, a street dance performance, a symphony rehearsal and more, where observers could explore their surroundings simply by turning their heads. With the eye-tracking tool, researchers knew exactly where an observer was looking at all times in the scene and could make systematic changes to the visual environment so that only the areas where the person was looking were in color. The rest of the scene in the periphery was desaturated so that it had no color and was just in black and white. After a series of trials, observers were asked a series of questions to gauge if they noticed the lack of color in their periphery. A supplemental video from the study illustrates how the peripheral color was removed from various scenes.
In your visual field, your periphery extends approximately 210 degrees, which is similar to if your arms are stretched out on your left and right. The study's results showed that most people's color awareness is limited to a small area around the dead center of their visual field. When the researchers removed most color in the periphery, most people did not notice. In the most extreme case, almost a third of observers did not notice when less than five percent of the entire  was presented in color (radius of 10 degrees visual angle).
1.125rem;"> Credit: Dartmouth College
Participants were astonished to find out later that they hadn't noticed the desaturated periphery, after they were shown the changes that were made to a virtual scene that they had just explored.
A second study tasked the participants to identify when color was desaturated in the periphery. The results were similar in that most people failed to notice when the peripheral color had been removed. A large number of people participated in the two studies, which featured nearly 180 participants in total.
"We were amazed by how oblivious participants were when color was removed from up to 95 percent of their visual world," said senior author, Caroline Robertson, an assistant professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth. "Our results show that our intuitive sense of a rich, colorful visual world is largely incorrect. Our brain is likely filling-in much of our perceptual experience."
Previous studies evaluating the limitations of visual awareness often relied on participants staring at video content on computer screens directly in front of them. By leveraging the virtual reality experience, this research approach is novel, as the 360-degree environment is more similar to the way people experience the real-world.Which areas of our brains represent the colors we see?

More information: Michael A. Cohen el al., "The limits of color awareness during active, real-world vision," PNAS (2020). www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1922294117

Test confirms COVID-19 as trigger for rare Kawasaki-like syndrome in children

blood
Credit: Wikimedia Commons
A test developed by experts in Birmingham has offered evidence confirming COVID-19 to be the cause of a newly emerged multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children, who have tested negative for the virus by the PCR test. This raises the possibility that children who may have had the virus in their system, even if they haven't been unwell, could be at risk of developing this new condition. 
Reports have emerged in recent weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, of  presenting with symptoms similar to those seen in Kawasaki disease; a rare condition, usually seen in under-fives, that causes a persistently high temperature, rashes and inflammation of the blood vessels. This new condition has recently been termed Paediatric Inflammatory Multi-System Syndrome—Temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) and to date has affected around 100 children in the UK with further reports of cases across Europe and the United States.
This latest research demonstrates the value of an antibody test, developed by a team at the University of Birmingham, to confirm the diagnosis of children hospitalised with symptoms consistent with PIMS-TS. All of the children tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2 virus by PCR. This research was the product of a collaboration between the University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, the University of Southampton and The Binding Site Group Ltd.
The blood test, which demonstrates the presence of different types of antibodies to the virus, showed that every child had high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The pattern of  indicated that the infection most likely occurred weeks or even months previously. This means that antibody testing can be used to help diagnose PIMS-TS, even when virus is not directly detectable in the patient.
Dr. Alex Richter, lead researcher and Consultant Immunologist at the University of Birmingham's Institute of Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy said: "By focusing on assay development using academic principles, we have designed a sensitive antibody test that can be used to detect exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infections. The test will be used to understand how many people have suffered from COVID-19 in our communities but we have found another use identifying PIMS-TS in these ".
Professor Adam Cunningham, co-author and professor of functional immunity at the University's Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy said: "It has been a privilege to work with colleagues within the University of Birmingham and the Birmingham Children's Hospital to adapt this test to help doctors diagnose this condition and enable them to choose the best life-saving treatments."
Dr. Barney Scholefield, paediatric intensive care consultant at Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust and researcher at the University's Institute of Inflammation and Ageing said: "Having access to cutting edge immunology expertise and the new sensitive antibody  at the University of Birmingham has been essential in allowing rapid diagnosis and early treatment of these critically unwell children with PIMSTS."
Dr. Fiona Reynolds, chief medical officer at Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, said: "We're passionate about offering world-class care to our patients and families not only today but also in the future. Participating in such research projects like this is so important to help greater understand this illness and, most importantly, how we can offer the best treatment."

Wearable brain scanner technology expanded for whole head imaging
NO IT WON'T MAKE YOUR HAIR GROW BACK


Wearable brain scanner technology expanded for whole head imaging
49 channel whole head brain scanner. Credit: University of Nottingham
Scientists from the University of Nottingham developed an initial prototype of a new generation of brain scanner in 2018 which is a lightweight device that can be worn on the head like a hat, and can scan the brain even whilst a patient moves. Their latest research has now expanded this to a fully functional 49 channel device that can be used to scan the whole brain and track electrophysiological processes that are implicated in a number of mental health problems. Their findings have been published in Neuroimage.
Professor Matt Brookes from the University of Nottingham has led the development of this wearable scanner, he said: "Understanding  remains one of the greatest challenges facing 21st century science. From childhood illnesses such as Autism, to  such as Alzheimer's, human brain health affects millions of people throughout the lifespan. In many cases, even highly detailed brain images showing what the brain looks like fail to tell us about underlying pathology, and consequently there is an urgent need for new technologies to measure what the brain actually does in health and disease."
Brain cells operate and communicate by producing electrical currents. These currents generate tiny magnetic fields that can be detected outside the head. Researchers use MEG to map  by measuring these magnetic fields. This allows for a millisecond-by-millisecond picture of which parts of the brain are engaged when we undertake different tasks, such as speaking or moving.
Unlike the large cumbersome scanners where patients must remain very still, the wearable scanner allows the patient to move freely. The early prototype of this system in 2018 had just 13 sensors and could only scan limited sections of the brain. Further developments in 2019 enabled the first measurements in children.
The team worked with Added Scientific in Nottingham to develop a novel type of 3-D printed helmet, which is key to the function of the 49 channel device. The higher channel count means that the system can be used to scan the whole brain. It can show the  controlling hand movement and vision pinpointed with millimeter accuracy.
Ryan Hill lead author on this study said: "Although there is exciting potential, OPM-MEG is a nascent technology with significant development still required. Whilst multi-channel systems are available, most demonstrations still employ small numbers of sensors sited over specific brain regions and the introduction of a whole-head array is an important step forward in moving this technology towards effective commercial application."
This new whole head scanner unlocks a hots of new possibilities, like scanning children (who find it hard to keep still) or scanning epileptic patients during seizures to understand the abnormal brain activity that generates those seizures.
Professor Brookes continues: "Our group in Nottingham, alongside partners at UCL, are now driving this research forward, not only to develop a new understanding of brain function, but also to commercialize the equipment that we have developed. Components of the scanner have already been sold, via industrial partners, to  imaging laboratories across the world. It is thought that not only will the new  be significantly better than anything that currently exists, but also that it will be significantly cheaper.
New 'bike helmet' style brain scanner used with children for first time

More information: Ryan M. Hill et al, Multi-Channel Whole-Head OPM-MEG: Helmet Design and a Comparison with a Conventional System, NeuroImage (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116995
Journal information: NeuroImage 
Provided by University of Nottingham 

Shorter, tailored antibiotic regimens shown effective at treating bacterial infections


antibiotic
Credit: CC0 Public Domain
The increase in antibiotic resistance and the lack of new antibiotics is currently a major global health problem. Reducing the use of antibiotics appears to be one of the only solutions to preserve their effectiveness and limit the emergence of resistance. Relatively long courses of treatment remain standard, however, although they seem to be based on medical tradition rather than on sound scientific evidence. For example, in the case of bacteraemia, a common but potentially dangerous bloodstream infection, it is common practice to automatically prescribe a 14-day course of antibacterial treatment. Physicians from the University of Geneva (UNIGE), the University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), the University of Lausanne (UNIL), the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and the Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, in Switzerland, wanted to test, in a multicentre study including more than 500 patients, whether a shorter treatment, which therefore would be less likely to select for resistance, was possible. Their results, published in the journal JAMA, show that a treatment duration reduced by half is equally effective. In addition, the scientists demonstrate that tailoring the antibiotic regimen to each patient's individual characteristics and disease patterns would allow the drug dose to be reduced even further without loss of therapeutic benefit. This work leads to new recommendations aimed at promoting the rational use of antibiotics, which remain our best weapons against bacteria responsible for many diseases.
Bacteraemia is a blood infection that usually originates from urinary or pulmonary infections that can be caused by several types of bacteria. Although very common in the elderly, it is still severe and must be treated effectively by . Most physicians routinely prescribe an antibiotic for 14 days, even if the patient's condition improves rapidly. "We only have a limited catalog of antibiotics, the effectiveness of which is constantly decreasing," explains Angela Huttner, a researcher in the Departments of Pathology and Immunology and of Medicine at UNIGE Faculty of Medicine and a physician at HUG Division of Infectious Diseases, who led this work. "We must therefore absolutely preserve our resources, and this means using them sparingly. Nevertheless, we had to demonstrate that a shorter treatment did not preclude the recovery of patients." Indeed, since the 1990s, the development of new antibiotics has nearly come to a halt due to the pharmaceutical industry's lack of interest in these unprofitable drugs, and the paucity of new therapeutic targets.
Fourteen days, seven days or less?
The research team set up a large-scale randomized study involving 504 patients recruited in three Swiss hospitals between April 2017 and May 2019. "We randomly divided our sample into three groups," says Werner Albrich, an infectious diseases physician at St. Gallen Hospital. "The first group, the , received the usual 14-day course of antibiotics. The second group received the same antibiotic, but only for seven days. The third group had their antibiotic duration determined individually, depending on each patient's level of inflammation."
Towards personalized treatment
"In addition, our work also shows that it is possible to customize treatment for each patient," adds Pierre-Yves Bochud, a professor at CHUV/UNIL Division of Infectious Diseases. "This requires daily measurement of CRP—a protein present in the blood that marks inflammation—a routine test that is carried out anyway in the case of bacteraemia." In this study, the scientists stopped the treatment course in the patients assigned to the third group as soon as their individual CRP level had dropped from its peak by 75%, though ensuring a minimum of five days of antibiotics, with the same success as the other two groups.
In addition, they identified certain risk factors: older age, in particular, as well as the pathogen involved. Escherichia coli is indeed more easily eliminated than other bacteria, regardless of the duration of treatment. "The principle of 'one size fits all' is less and less true in medicine, and the characterization of biomarkers of inflammation could lead to truly personalized treatments, while limiting the risk of resistance. As a first step, we can already recommend reducing the treatment of bacterial bloodstream infections to seven days," the authors conclude.How do you know you've been prescribed the right antibiotics?

More information: Elodie von Dach et al. Effect of C-Reactive Protein–Guided Antibiotic Treatment Duration, 7-Day Treatment, or 14-Day Treatment on 30-Day Clinical Failure Rate in Patients With Uncomplicated Gram-Negative Bacteremia, JAMA (2020). DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.6348

Malaria drug didn't help virus patients, big UK study finds (Update)


Malaria drug didn't help virus patients, big UK study finds
This Monday, April 6, 2020 file photo shows an arrangement of hydroxychloroquine pills in Las Vegas. On Friday, June 5, 2020, leaders of a large study in the United Kingdom that is rigorously testing the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine and other medicines for hospitalized COVID-19 patients say they will stop putting people on the drug because it's clear it isn't helping. (AP Photo/John Locher)
Leaders of a large study in the United Kingdom that is rigorously testing the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine and other medicines for hospitalized COVID-19 patients say they will stop putting people on the drug because it's clear it isn't helping.
Results released Friday from 1,542 patients showed the drug did not reduce deaths, time in the hospital or other factors. After 28 days, 25.7% on hydroxychloroquine had died versus 23.5% given usual care—a difference so small it could have occurred by chance.
The results "convincingly rule out any meaningful mortality benefit," study leaders at the University of Oxford said in a statement.
The results have not been published; the statement said full details will be provided soon. No information on safety was given.
Hydroxychloroquine has long been used for malaria, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis but is not known to be safe or effective for preventing or treating coronavirus infection. It has been heavily promoted by President Donald Trump and can cause potentially serious side effects, including heart rhythm problems.
Many recent studies have suggested it does not help treat COVID-19, but they are mostly weak and observational. A very large one suggesting the drug was unsafe was retracted by the journal Lancet on Thursday amid questions about the truthfulness of the data.
The Oxford study is the largest study so far to put hydroxychloroquine to a strict test.
More than 11,000 patients in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland were randomly assigned to get either standard of care or that plus one of these treatments: hydroxychloroquine, the HIV combo drug lopinavir-ritonavir, the antibiotic azithromycin, the steroid dexamethasone, the anti-inflammatory drug tocilizumab, or plasma from people who have recovered from COVID-19 that contains antibodies to fight the virus.
Independent monitors met Thursday night to review results so far and recommended ending the hydroxychloroquine part of the study because results from 80% of participants suggested continuing was futile.
"Although it is disappointing that this treatment has been shown to be ineffective, it does allow us to focus care and research on more promising drugs," study leader and Oxford professor Peter Horby said in a statement.
The research is funded by government health agencies in the United Kingdom and private donors including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
The World Health Organization is leading a similar study testing hydroxychloroquine and several other therapies versus standard of care. More than 3,500 patients in 35 countries have enrolled.
WHO chief scientist Dr. Soumya Swaminathan said researchers would consider the full Oxford results once they're available but for now will continue its own study as is.Further evidence does not support hydroxychloroquine for patients with COVID-19

Journal information: The Lancet 
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