America Praised The ICC Until It Came For An Ally – OpEd

The International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague. Photo Credit: OSeveno, Wikipedia Commo

 September 2, 2026

 Arab News

By Osama Al-Sharif

Key Takeaways:

• Amman commentator Osama Al-Sharif argues that after years of Global South complaints about a hollow UNSC, Washington has since the Gaza war turned on the ICC—sanctions on judges and the court’s president—after 2024 warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant, having praised the 2023 Putin warrant.
• He quotes the late Sen. Lindsey Graham’s reported line that the court is for “Africa and thugs like Putin,” not “democracies like Israel and the United States,” and lines up Ukraine territorial acquisition, 2025 Iran strikes, and a January seizure of Venezuela’s president as the same exceptionalism.
• His warning: if the Rome Statute court (120+ parties; the U.S. signed but voted against the final statute) is dismantled, illegal wars become the rule; protecting a flawed ICC is treated as a test of whether law still binds the strong.

For years, countries in the Global South have accused the West of hypocritical behavior: applying international law selectively and openly breaking it to serve their narrow interests. In their view, the UN Security Council lost its credibility long ago, with the Palestinian issue being a case in point — decades of Israeli occupation, dozens of unenforced resolutions and a council dominated by greater powers.

The track record of the UNSC speaks volumes about blatant double standards, while the term “rule of law” has become hollow boilerplate.

But something has changed in the last three years. It is no longer just the UNSC that is being hollowed out. Since Israel launched its war on Gaza — now approaching its third anniversary with no end in sight — the US has turned its attention to undermining another pillar of international justice: the International Criminal Court in The Hague.

That institution is now in the White House’s crosshairs and, ironically, the assault on it exposes the antithetical rhetoric of key US officials and lawmakers when it comes to observing international law and respecting its sanctity.

The Nuremberg trials, held in the wake of the Second World War, established a radical idea: that even the most powerful leaders could be held personally responsible for atrocities, not just the states they represented. That idea sat mostly dormant for decades. Genocides in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s revived the idea and launched a rare drive to make war criminals accountable under international laws and conventions.

In 1998, more than 120 countries signed the Rome Statute, creating a permanent court to fulfill that goal. The ICC’s mission was simple and, at the time, widely supported by Western democracies, but not by the US, which, interestingly, signed the founding treaty but voted against the final Rome Statute over concerns about American military protection. The ICC’s message was clear: No one should be able to commit genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity and walk away untouched simply because they hold power.

For years, the ICC mostly prosecuted African warlords and rebel commanders, which drew fair criticism about geographic imbalance. But it was always designed to apply to everyone, anywhere.

Since the ICC issued arrest warrants against Benjamin Netanyahu and then-Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant in 2024 for potential war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza, the reaction from Washington has not been to challenge or question the evidence, as it has done with South Africa’s genocide file against Israel at the International Court of Justice. Instead, it has chosen to attack the court and its prosecutor. It has declared that it is seeking to dismantle the court, calling it an illegitimate organization that threatens American sovereignty.

The Trump administration and members of Congress have sanctioned ICC judges and prosecutors, frozen their assets and threatened them with travel bans and legal action. The most recent target was the president of the court herself, sanctioned directly by the State Department.

One of the US objections to the ICC is the assertion that the court acts illegitimately by claiming jurisdiction over nonmember states that have not signed the Rome Statute.

Compare that to how Washington reacted when the same court, applying the same law, issued an arrest warrant against Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2023 for the allegation that Russia had unlawfully deported Ukrainian children. Back then, American officials praised the warrant as a legitimate act of accountability. Nothing about the court’s mandate has changed between 2023 and today. What has changed is that the court has targeted Israel’s conduct in Gaza.

Late Sen. Lindsey Graham put the double standard into words more bluntly than most officials dared. He reportedly told the ICC’s prosecutor that the court was, in his words, for “Africa and thugs like Putin” — not for “democracies like Israel and the United States.” Graham, who did not mince his words, captured the underlying logic driving the US campaign against the ICC: international law is treated as a tool to use against rivals, not a universal standard to be held to. American exceptionalism also meant that the application of international law was selective.

The US and Israel are, in effect, waging a campaign to destroy an institution that was built specifically so that absolute power alone could never be a shield against justice. But this is not happening in isolation. The sense of exceptionalism fits a pattern stretching across nearly every major conflict of the last four years.

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 broke one of the most basic rules of the international order: that no country should acquire the territory of another by force. The world rightly condemned it. But that condemnation, especially by Western powers, now looks less like adherence to a universal principle and the preservation of the law and more like the fulfillment of a political objective. In 2025, Israel and the US struck Iranian nuclear facilities without any authorization from the UNSC, relying on the same argument as Moscow: preemptive self-defense — an argument that Western governments ironically refused to accept in the Russian case.

The International Court of Justice in 2024 found it plausible that Palestinians in Gaza had a right to be protected from genocide as it heard South Africa’s case against Israel. Then, in January, American forces crossed another line, breaching another international law: they seized Venezuela’s sitting president from his own capital and flew him to New York to face charges many legal experts consider weak — with no UNSC resolution and no self-defense justification to back it up.

It would be easy to look at all of this and conclude that international law is abstract at best — that in a world that has seen illegal wars and invasions waged under false pretexts by superpowers, courts and treaties are decorative at best and that only the weak are bound by them. That conclusion is dangerous and describes a bleak, fraught future.

The entire point of the ICC was to bypass the political will of any government, including the most powerful ones. A court that holds accountable only weak states, rebellious leaders and countries unfriendly to the big powers is not really a court of international law.

The world order is shifting quickly and some would say it is teetering, as once-strong democracies shift toward authoritarianism. A multipolar world is emerging, alliances are being tested and states are watching closely to see whether the rules of the postwar era will hold. If the ICC survives the US-Israeli assault, it will send a message that accountability is still possible, however imperfect and slow.

In reality, the onslaught is not only against the ICC but against the 120 countries that signed its statute. If the court collapses, the message is far more dangerous: that the invasion of Ukraine, the war in Gaza, the annexation of Palestinian and Arab lands, and the kidnapping of a foreign head of state are no longer aberrations.

Protecting the ICC, flaws and all, is no longer a matter of legal technicality. It is one of the last real tests of whether the rule of law survives this decade.

• Osama Al-Sharif is a journalist and a political commentator based in Amman. X: @plato010

The Genocidal Weapon and the Nuclear Exception

Eric Ross

 August 11, 2026

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Photograph Source: Jakub Hałun – CC BY 4.0

It has been eighty-one years since the atomic bombings delivered an unmistakable message. From the ruins of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, humanity was faced with a choice that Martin Luther King Jr. would later describe as one between “nonviolent coexistence or violent co-annihilation.” The intervening decades have made our answer painfully clear.

As a result, today we live as prisoners consigned to a permanent death row, having organized our world not around a commitment to collective sanity, safety, and security but around the perpetual preparation for collective destruction. The nuclear threat has predictably returned to the center of world politics, from Ukraine and Taiwan to Palestine and Iran.

American and Israeli officials have called for the use of nuclear weapons in Gaza, which during the ongoing genocide has already been subjected to equivalent of thirteen Hiroshimas. And in the context of the second disastrous and criminal war in the region this century, waged ostensibly, and counterproductively, to preserve a system of nuclear apartheid, Trump has never disavowed his genocidal threat against Iran that “a whole civilization will die.”

It is therefore clear today that we can hardly take refuge in the comforting fiction that the collapse of the Soviet Union had consigned the specter of atomic holocaust to history. And it is our inability to confront nuclear weapons for what they truly are, has helped produce the present crisis. From their first use, the atomic bombs were immoral and illegal. Within a matter of years, such weapons would come to be described, in the words of their own architects, as a “weapon of genocide,” one which serves no military end beyond the slaughter of civilians.

As such, states that possess nuclear weapons cannot be understood as guardians of the international order, represented by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, but as its greatest threats, outcasts from law and humanity. They are, in the words of Daniel Ellsberg, adherents to no recognizable ethics other than perhaps “a form of Satanism, a worship of unbridled power that gives national leaders the right to gamble with forces that can undo creation.”

Yet instead of banning the bomb, the postwar international legal order accommodated it, failing to proscribe nuclear weapons, as it has for chemical and biological weapons. The result has been a world in which the capacity to exterminate millions, even billions, of people is treated not as the ultimate international crime but as the ultimate marker of international prestige and a currency of geopolitical power. So long as some states insist upon the legitimacy of their own atomic arsenals then, efforts to abolish them will remain, however well intentioned, little more than “rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic.”

Why then, despite the obvious reality that nuclear weapons are prima facie illegal, that they violate the most fundamental tenets of international humanitarian law, making a mockery of its principles of distinction and proportionality, has the law failed even to signal its opposition to the bomb?

The Failures of the 1996 ICJ Advisory Opinion

There have been numerous, often tepid, attempts to resolve the contradiction at the heart of the nuclear exception. The most significant came thirty years ago this summer, when the International Court of Justice issued its 1996 Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons. Although the Court affirmed that the threat or use of nuclear weapons would “generally be contrary” to international law, it ultimately preserved the nuclear status quo by declining to rule definitively on their legality “in an extreme circumstance of self-defense, in which the very survival of a State would be at stake.”

Nuclear states could therefore continue to justify their continued possession of these apocalyptic weapons through the familiar language of military necessity. The result was a legal ambiguity that left nuclear powers free to claim a right to initiate nuclear war in response to an asserted existential threat, as countries like the United States and Israel regularly inflate to advance their imperial policies. The law would then be left to determine, only after the fact, assuming any courts remained amid the ruins, whether the slaughter of millions of civilians had, in fact, been permissible.

But why did the World Court equivocate at such a critical historical juncture? The Cold War had recently ended, and with it seemingly the geopolitical and ideological confrontation that had long legitimized the logic of mutually assured destruction. Arms reduction agreements were underway, and several countries were abandoning their nuclear ambitions. A path toward the elimination of nuclear stockpiles appeared, however briefly, to be within reach.

Yet as scholars have argued, this was less a missed opportunity to challenge the nuclear powers than an ideological inability to confront the broader questions posed by nuclear weapons. A legal order ostensibly designed to restrain violence had, from its inception, collided with weapons that defy any standard of morality and legality. Faced with this contradiction, the Court retreated into an act of institutional self-preservation. The effort has proved futile, as evidenced by the continuing impunity of powerful states and increasingly brazen attempts to dismantle the broader framework of international law.

Nonetheless, as Martti Koskenniemi has argued, had the ICJ actually declared nuclear weapons categorically illegal, it would have “put the Court and the whole system of law it represents in a collision course with the politico-military system of the nuclear age.” In this confrontation, “the law could hardly prevail.” Recognizing this, “an opinion underwriting an absolute prohibition would have condemned the law to irrelevance already in advance.”

More fundamentally, the international legal system could scarcely have resolved the question. The imperatives of great-power politics had long stunted the Court’s ability to function. By elevating military necessity into a doctrine through which states could justify their actions, the law came to function not as a constraint but as a source of legitimacy for state violence. As Koskenniemi observes, citing philosopher Thomas Nagel, once mass violence can be deemed permissible under certain criteria, other considerations can then “be brought to bear to ease the consciences of those responsible for a certain number of charred babies.”

The Birth of the Bomb and the “International Order”

This failure was not the World Court’s alone. The problem had been embedded in the postwar legal order from the beginning. On August 8, 1945, the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France ratified the London Charter establishing the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Hours later, the United States destroyed Nagasaki with a second atomic bomb, just three days after Hiroshima. The supreme irony is that the nuclear age and the postwar international order entered into force together, as the legal regime intended to prevent atrocities was born under the shadow of the mushroom cloud.

Many of the earliest voices of conscience presenting the most forceful condemnations came from the political left. Those such as Albert Camus, Bertrand Russell, Dwight MacDonald, and Norman Cousins denounced the bombings in the days and weeks that followed. Yet opposition was by no means confined to one side of the political spectrum.

Conservative critics also challenged the decision. David Lawrence, editor of U.S. News, rejected attempts to justify the bombings. Try as we might, he insisted, we can “never erase from our minds the simple truth that we, of all civilized nations, though hesitating to use poison gas, did not hesitate to employ the most destructive weapon of all times indiscriminately against men, women and children.” Journalist Felix Morley similarly denounced this “act of atrocious revenge,” concluding that Hiroshima and Nagasaki constituted, in effect, an American Buchenwald.

Religious leaders also lent their moral voices. A coalition of Christian clergy representing a range of denominations issued “unmitigated condemnation” of the “reckless and irresponsible” decision, warning that we “will receive judgment before God and before the conscience of humanity.” One of these signatories, A. J. Muste, would in subsequent years distill this sentiment into a single, provocative sentence: “If Dachau was a crime, Hiroshima is a crime.”

While public opinion, both domestically and internationally, increasingly moved toward abolition, culminating in the first resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly calling for the elimination of atomic weapons, U.S. leaders had little intention of relinquishing their God-like powers. They brushed aside the warnings of scientists and statesmen who argued that this brief window, before other nations acquired the bomb, offered perhaps the only opportunity to prohibit nuclear weapons before catastrophe became permanent.

Instead of being prohibited, the bomb was rendered outside the law. At Nuremberg and Tokyo, the U.S. established a legal exceptionalism that insulated nuclear weapons, and the strategic bombing that first made them conceivable, from meaningful scrutiny. Prosecutors opted to omit these crimes entirely, rendering them beyond the reach of law. Universal justice, in short, was subordinated to political expediency.

Many in the courtroom recognized the contradiction. At Tokyo, the atomic bombings loomed large over the proceedings. If individuals, rather than states, could be held criminally responsible for atrocities committed in war, as Nuremberg established, then American officials who ordered the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki should face similar judgment. Otherwise, the tribunal would rest on an irreconcilable double standard. As the defense pointedly put it, “we know the name of every man whose hands loosed the atomic bomb on Hiroshima; we know the chief of staff who planned that act; we know the chief of the responsible state.”

American officials acknowledged that they had certainly been no strangers to criminality during the course of the war. In his opening statement, Chief Justice Robert Jackson remarked that “the Germans have taught us the horrors of modern warfare,” but the Allies were far from “dull pupils.” Telford Taylor, Allied Chief Prosecutor, similarly noted that prosecutors had deliberately avoided litigating the bombing of civilians because the scale of indiscriminate Allied bombing far exceeded any similar such forms of aerial warfare carried out by the Axis states.

Taylor later conceded that the bombings were war crimes but were rendered “tolerable in retrospect only because their malignancy pales in comparison to Dachau, Auschwitz and Treblinka.” The physical and psychological distance afforded by aerial warfare, and the public apathy it cultivated, could hardly legitimize such violence, even as it was increasingly accepted by many Americans. To the contrary, Taylor wrote, had “Allied ground forces [entered] German and Japanese towns with guns blazing, and [killed] off the infants who survived the bombing,” few would have dared defend such policies.

The Legacy of Nuclear Exceptionalism

The legal silence surrounding aerial and atomic bombing at Nuremberg and Tokyo has constrained efforts to impose meaningful legal limits on indiscriminate attacks against civilians ever since. In Gaza, Israeli officials have repeatedly invoked the Allied bombing campaigns to argue that if that was not deemed criminal, neither is Israel today. The precedent established in the aftermath of the Second World War has therefore continued to legitimize the laying waste to cities, reinforcing the logic that first made nuclear weapons conceivable.

While there have been additional efforts to challenge this exceptionalism, they too have fallen short in the face of U.S. empire. The most significant was Japan’s 1963 Shimoda decision, in which the Tokyo District Court concluded that the atomic bombings had violated international law. By then, however, Japan had been pacified, first through occupation and then through its incorporation into the U.S. Cold War order, leaving it with neither the political will nor the institutional means to pursue accountability.

This dynamic in postwar Japan reflects a broader reality: the bomb has long functioned as a tool of empire. As W.E.B. Du Bois warned at the dawn of the atomic age, if power could be maintained through atomic bombs, then “colonial peoples may never be free.” The nuclear order that emerged after 1945 has vindicated that position. It has always rested on an unmistakable hypocrisy. States that insist nuclear weapons are indispensable to their own security, many of them the colonial powers of yesterday and the imperial powers of today, simultaneously demand that the rest of the world accept permanent vulnerability at the hands of nuclear-armed states. Its governing principle is simple: do as we say, not as we do.

But this blatant hypocrisy cannot coexist with a functioning international legal order, which, as has become increasingly clear in recent years, is crumbling before our eyes. At Nuremberg, Chief Justice Jackson warned that the only hope of those responsible for atrocities was “that international law will lag so far behind the moral sense of mankind that conduct which is crime in the moral sense must be regarded as innocent in law.” Eight decades later, his words have become an equal indictment of the nuclear age. If the law is to come to mean anything, it must bind the powerful before it punishes the powerless. The survival of international law, and perhaps life on earth itself, depends on whether that principle is finally applied to the world’s most powerful states.

Eric Ross is an organizer, educator, researcher, and PhD Candidate in the History Department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.