Wednesday, December 13, 2023

Editorial: From Missouri to Texas, the wages of forced-birth fanaticism

A protester dressed as a handmaiden holds up a sign at a protest outside the Texas state capitol on May 29, 2021, in Austin, Texas. 
- Sergio Flores/Getty Images North America/TNS


2023/12/13

Anyone who still doesn’t understand that the newly empowered forced-birth movement is inherently oppressive, cruel and at times literally life-threatening to women should look carefully at what elected officials are trying to do today in Missouri and in Texas.

In Missouri, state lawmakers have filed legislation that would give full legal rights of personhood to fertilized eggs — meaning women who end their pregnancies at any point, for almost any reason, could face murder charges and, potentially, the death penalty.

And a Texas woman’s quest to end a pregnancy that is medically nonviable and has become ensnared in the court system there because (and please read this part carefully) continuing the doomed pregnancy endangers merely her reproductive system rather than her very life.

These aren’t hysterical hypotheticals but actual developments affecting actual women, unfolding in real time right now. They raise the stakes immeasurably for efforts like the current push in Missouri to codify abortion rights via statewide referendum.

When the U.S. Supreme Court last year overturned Roe v. Wade, eviscerating almost half a century of constitutional protection for abortion rights during early pregnancy, the court’s majority waxed on about taking judges out of the abortion debate and returning the matter to the people’s elected representatives in the states.

A year and a half later, both those lofty goals are dust. The courts are, if anything, more deeply enmeshed in the abortion debate than ever, as judges are increasingly tasked with interpreting extreme and often vaguely worded state abortion bans and related policies.

As for the supposed infallibility of the people’s elected representatives: Voters in seven states so far have found it necessary to go around their extremist legislators to protect abortion rights via referendum. Not a single state that has put the issue to a statewide vote (not even deep-red states such as Kansas, Kentucky and Montana) has come down on the anti-choice side.

That explains why conservative politicians in Missouri have spent months now trying to sabotage efforts to get an abortion rights measure on next year’s Missouri ballot.

The courts have repeatedly had to step in and smack down various schemes by Secretary of State Jay Ashcroft, Attorney General Andrew Bailey and others that were designed to deny Missouri voters the right to weigh in on an issue that intimately affects half the population.

The urgency of that referendum effort has been ratcheted up this month with the filing of several bills in Jefferson City that would give a newly fertilized egg the same legal rights as a fully formed person from the moment of conception.

Missouri already prohibits abortion from conception in all cases — even rape and incest — with a sole, vaguely defined exception for medical emergencies. Doctors who violate the ban can face up to 15 years in prison and revocation of their medical licenses. But the law, enacted literally minutes after Roe’s overturn last year, specifically prohibits prosecution of the mother.

That could soon change. As The Kansas City Star reported last week, two almost identical bills filed this month by state Sen. Mike Moon, R-Ash Grove, and Rep. Bob Titus, R-Billings, would bestow all legal rights of individuals to zygotes and fetuses at all stages of development.

A third bill, by state Rep. Brian Seitz, R-Branson, would simply change the legal definition of “person” to include “unborn child at every stage of development from the moment of fertilization until birth.”

Which means a pregnant woman who takes action to end the pregnancy could be prosecuted for murder. The legislation from Moon and Titus confirms this by specifying that when “the victim is an unborn child and the defendant is the child’s mother,” she is allowed to argue a legal defense of “duress.”

As if the criminalization of a woman’s control over what happens inside her body isn’t duress by definition.

The proposed legislation recognizes no legal difference between aborting a zygote and killing a fully formed individual, and it specifies no separate penalties. Because Missouri employs capital punishment against convicted murderers, the execution of women who facilitate their own abortions would presumably be on the table for prosecutors.

Even those who believe fertilized eggs should have full legal rights should pause to consider how complicated pregnancy can be in the real world — and how willing anti-choice politicians have been to blithely victimize women entangled in those complications.

The potential depths of that victimization is being demonstrated right now in Texas.

Kate Cox wanted to carry out her pregnancy, but at 20 weeks, she has learned that the fetus has a fatal genetic condition. It will mean either stillbirth or a short, tormented life for the fetus and potential damage to Cox’s reproductive system, possibly preventing her from ever getting pregnant again.

A lower court ruled that Cox’s condition falls under the exceptions to Texas’ draconian abortion ban. But, in an act so deliberately cruel it borders on psychotic, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton petitioned the state’s Supreme Court to intervene.

The high court last week prohibited the abortion while it reviewed the case — extending Cox’s risk and torment for no remotely rational reason. (Cox finally ended up leaving the state to seek an abortion, according to media reports Monday.)

Cox tells her story in an op-ed originally published in the Dallas Morning News, which appears elsewhere in today’s Post-Dispatch opinion section. Regardless of one’s views on abortion rights, it should stand as evidence that the issue is seldom as simple as anti-choice ideologues try to make it.

As for the pending Missouri legislation: Anyone who dismisses the possibility of a woman someday being marched to the execution chamber for refusing to carry out a pregnancy hasn’t been paying attention to the escalating fanaticism of the anti-choice movement in the post-Roe era. This misogynistic dystopia must be averted — and the ballot box is the only way it will be.

© St. Louis Post-Dispatch

Army of Trump trolls runs online campaign with flood of hateful posts: report

Matthew Chapman
December 13, 2023 

Scott Olson/Getty Images

An army of internet trolls is going to war for former President Donald Trump with the latest artificial intelligence tools, reportedThe New York Times on Wednesday — and many of their top targets are women and minorities.

"Cheered on by Mr. Trump, the group traffics freely in misinformation, artificial intelligence and digital forgeries known as deepfakes. Its memes are riddled with racist stereotypes, demeaning tropes about L.G.B.T.Q. people and broad scatological humor," reported Ken Bensinger.

In particular, they go after women who are rivals or critics of Trump — for example, "In one video, the former United Nations ambassador Nikki Haley’s face is pasted on the body of a nearly naked woman, who kicks a man with the face of Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida in the groin.

"Another depicts Casey DeSantis, the governor’s wife, as a porn star. Women with ties to Mr. DeSantis are often shown with red knees, suggesting they have performed a sex act."

Racist tropes are also peppered throughout the group's work — for instance, after Trump was indicted on racketeering charges in Georgia by Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis, who is Black, "Several team members produced a music video targeting" her, reported Bensinger.

"A Kanye West parody, it used artificial intelligence to mimic Mr. Trump’s voice rapping lyrics that were peppered with racist dog whistles."

The group has also played an outsized role in the online mockery of DeSantis, who has been relentlessly targeted by their memes. They claim credit for helping to take the rumor DeSantis wears lifts in his boots mainstream.

The leader of the group, which calls itself Trump's "Online War Machine," is a Georgia-based podcaster and life coach named Brenden Dilley. And while they operate independently of the Trump campaign, several close Trump allies and officials, including Donald Trump Jr., and campaign officials Steven Cheung and Dan Scavino, routinely share their content.

Dilley says that in addition, he has been showered with gifts from Trump, including dozens of signed MAGA hats, which can routinely resell for thousands of dollars, and a large number of VIP tickets to Trump's rally in Hialeah, Florida.
Hostage Negotiations Between Israel and Hamas Have Restarted in Secret: Report

There are new glimmers of hope that a new deal could be reached to release the 130 or so Israeli hostages still being held in Gaza

Published 12/12/23
Protesters attend a demonstration to ask for the release of hostages held in Gaza since the October 7 attack, in Tel Aviv on December 2, 2023.
Ahmad Gharabli/AFP via Getty Images

A new round of secretive hostage talks mediated by Qatar are taking place in Europe, a Saudi news outlet reported, and a deal could see the release of Israeli women, children, and elderly civilians, as well as three senior Israeli army officers kidnapped by Hamas. In return, the report adds, Israel would release about 300 Palestinian prisoners, along with 10 prisoners serving long sentences, including senior Fatah leader Marwan Barghouti.

The report in the independent outlet Elaph has not been confirmed, and no new deal appears imminent.

A key sticking point appears to be the number of Palestinian prisoners that would be exchanged for each Israeli hostage in Gaza. Elaph said its correspondent learned that Hamas has submitted its requests to the Qataris, while the Israelis are “trying to reduce the price as much as possible,” according to the source.

Hamas has also repeated its assertions that it doesn’t hold all the hostages, and that some are in the hands of other militant groups and possibly local criminal gangs, the website reported.

"Time is running out," said Yocheved Lifshitz, an 85-year-old peace activist who was taken hostage by Hamas in Gaza and released after two weeks. "They need to get out today. Otherwise, they won’t survive," she said in an interview with NBC News on Monday.

"The lack of air in the tunnels, as well as the shortage of food and medicine, could bring people to complete exhaustion," she said.

"And they just won’t make it."

Relatives of hostages on Monday met with the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, where they called for the government to press for their release through talk or diplomatic channels, warning that using troops to rescue hostages won’t work. An effort to free hostages last week led to the death of one hostage, an Israeli army soldier, and left two rescuers wounded. 

Hamas said none of the Israelis will return home alive unless Israel agrees to a prisoner exchange.

“Neither the fascist enemy and its arrogant leadership... nor the supporters behind them... can take their prisoners alive without exchanging, negotiating, and agreeing to the terms of the resistance," Hamas spokesman Abu Obeida said in an audio clip posted on Sunday on the Telegram channel of Hamas’ military wing, the Al-Qassam brigades.

About 120 Israelis are believed to still be held hostage in Gaza, along with the bodies of 18 hostages who have died in captivity, Israeli media reports

“We saw the fruits of the deal,” Yifat Zeiler, a relative of the Bibas family, thought to have been killed in captivity,  said of the November truce after the meeting with parliamentarians. “A military operation will not yield these results right now, not alone.”

“Every day is significant,” Zeiler added. “What will happen if my family comes back in a bag because we waited another day and didn’t agree to a deal? What will happen to the morale of the soldiers if they return in coffins because we waited another day and they were murdered by terrorists or God forbid by fire from our forces? This is a tragedy.”

Journalist Barak Ravid said on X that Qatar has been talking to Israeli officials about a hostage deal that could pause the fighting for more than a day.

Ravid said he was told a deal could include “humanitarian elements” such as Hamas handing over elderly and sick or wounded men, as well as women and the remaining children in captivity. He added that Israel had “expressed willingness” to discuss a deal. 

Ceasefire talks broke down and hostage-for-prisoner exchanges ended at the end of November when Israel and Hamas couldn't agree on acceptable lists of hostages to be handed over, and rockets were once again fired at Israel from Gaza. 

Israel’s Channel 12 news, known to be close to the government, said “conditions are ripe” for beginning to draft new agreements. According to the channel, Mossad chief David Barnea and Maj. Gen. Nitzan Alon, the Israel Defense Forces point person on hostage talks, have been “directed to hear what the intermediaries are proposing,” but not to initiate proposals of their own.

On Sunday, Qatari Prime Minister Mohammed al-Thani said efforts to restart ceasefire talks were continuing despite the ongoing war in Gaza. 

“We are not going to give up,” Al Thani told the Doha Forum, a regional political meeting, on Sunday. But he added that “the continuation of the bombardment is just narrowing this window for us.

And on Sunday and Monday, Russian deputy foreign minister, Mikhail Bogdanov, spoke with leaders of Hamas and other Gaza factions, asking that it release captives with Russian passports. Several of the Israelis are known to be dual nationals.

The Israeli delegation includes officers from the Mossad foreign intelligence service, the Shin Bet domestic intelligence service, and representatives from the National Security Council, Israeli military intelligence, and the office of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Elaph wrote.

The Qatari delegation includes officers from Qatar’s Amiri Diwan intelligence service. 

The meetings are taking place in Europe after previous ceasefire talks in Doha, Qatar and repeated visits of Mossad head David Barne to Doha led to criticism in Israel, the newspaper said.

Even as talks in Doha faltered and the war resumed, Israel agreed to keep channels open, but the meetings are meant to be secret, changing locations to stay out of the public eye.

 

Hamas says battles in Gaza, Jenin prove once again attempts to eradicate resistance are illusion
Hamas says battles in Gaza, Jenin prove once again attempts to eradicate resistance are illusion
Hamas says battles in Gaza, Jenin prove once again attempts to eradicate resistance are illusion
[12/December/2023]

GAZA December 12. 2023 (Saba) - leader of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, Abdelhakim Hanini has confirmed that the fierce battles in Gaza and Jenin prove to everyone far and wide once again that attempts to eradicate the resistance are an illusion that will not be achieved.

The Palestinian Information Center quoted Hanini in a press statement as saying the Palestinian resistance presents something new every day in terms of its ability to repel aggression and confront the invading forces, to be brave in defending the homeland and to win for blessed al-Aqsa Mosque and to prepare for all scenarios, whatever the cost.

Hanini stressed that the long years of preparation in the training fields are bearing fruit and were not in vain, and that the resistance’s ability to maneuver, continue, and surprise the enemy in all regions is high and increasing.

He called on the Palestinian people to continue mobilization and vigilance to repel the attacks of the occupation and its settlers, to remain steadfast in the face of all the conspiracies being hatched to liquidate the Palestinian issue, and to trust in the ability of the people, with their usual will so as to overcome challenges and cross crises towards freedom and liberation from the occupier.

The leader of the Hamas movement saluted the people of Jenin and its camp for their legendary steadfastness, and the resistance of the Palestinian people, led by fighters of al-Qassam Brigades, for their courage in repelling the aggression.

The occupation forces continued a massive military campaign in Jenin and its camp, during which they arrested a number of young men, while bombing a site in Sibat neighborhood in the old city, and bombing a house in Jourat al-Dahab neighborhood in the camp.

Severe confrontations and clashes broke out between enemy forces and the resistance fighters, who targeted enemy vehicles with homemade bombs and fired bullets at them as they confronted the intrusion.

Four martyrs died in the Zionist aggression against Jenin on Tuesday, Rafiq al-Dabbous, Mahmoud Abu Srour, Bakr Siddiq Zakarneh, and Thaer Abu Tin.
H.H


resource : Saba

Lone Star Showdown: Why Texas is at the epicenter of the battle for America's future


D. Earl Stephens
December 11, 2023 

Photo by Tiziano Brignoli on Unsplash

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There is a battle underway in Texas right now that I believe has significant repercussions for the future of the United States of America, and who leads this country in the future.

Kate Cox, a 31-year-old mother of two who lives in the Dallas area, is heartbreakingly finding out what it means to live in a state with one of the toughest abortion bans in this crazy country.

Cox is pregnant, and her fetus has been diagnosed with a condition called, trisomy 18, which is nearly always fatal for the fetus, and is always very dangerous for the mother. Cox, who is now 20 weeks pregnant, had been suffering with severe pain and discharge during her pregnancy before getting this terrible diagnosis.

As strict as the Texas laws are about preventing abortions, there are rare exceptions, and Cox was granted one of these by Judge Maya Guerra Gamble of the Travis County District Court. Gamble ruled that the procedure was “necessary to protect Cox from a potentially dangerous birth, and to preserve her future fertility.”

Only hours later, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, who is a known monster, sent a threatening letter to the hospital where Cox’s doctor practices, saying in part that “the Temporary Restraining Order will not insulate you or anyone else …”

In other words, the Texas danger, Paxton, was bravely coming after the mother and her doctor. He brought his sickening rage in front of the Texas Supreme Court, which late Friday overturned the lower court’s ruling.

Paxton, you might remember, is the guy who was investigated for bribery this year and is known as one of the most corrupt public officials in Texas, which is really quite a feat. He was within inches of being thrown out of office, before Republicans reconsidered the whole thing and decided they needed more guys like him around to ensure they were some of the most odious political bodies on the planet, including the Taliban.

As I type this, the Texas Supreme Court, which is made up of nine fanatic Republican justices has continued its stay on the court-approved abortion and Cox has reportedly fled Texas to an unidentified state where she will have the abortion.

“Her health is on the line. She’s been in and out of the emergency room and she couldn’t wait any longer,” said Nancy Northup, president and CEO of the Center for Reproductive Rights, which was representing Cox.

As this horrendous ruling starts getting national attention, we are seeing reporting that one of these justices is a lowlife named John Devine.

Devine is a religious zealot, who has been arrested 37 times for blocking abortion clinics, and has been involved in a never-ending fight to keep the Ten Commandments displayed in his Houston courtroom.

But this is the absolutely chilling part:

Devine’s wife, Nubia, was involved in a high-risk pregnancy herself, while carrying her seventh child. Doctors said the pregnancy was likely to end in the deaths of both mother and child. The Devines went ahead with it anyway. Nubia Devine survived the birth. Their daughter lived only for an hour after she was born.

Nubia Devine is a self-described “religious freedom activist” and is also very active in Texas politics.

They have both proven themselves to be dangerous as hell.

It is hard to believe this radical, rightwing Texas Supreme Court will ultimately rule in favor of Cox, but whether they do or don’t, this story should be screamed from the rooftops of every household in the United State of America, and for damn sure by those who control the deep pockets inside the Democratic National Committee.

The repulsive actions of these Texas Republicans is a political gift for Democrats.

I admittedly feel a bit gross putting it that way, given a woman’s life, and her reproductive right are on the line, but I believe highlighting horrible stories like this one might preserve the rights of countless other women, including my daughters, in the future.

I did something I rarely do anymore, and posted about this gross injustice on Facebook Friday. Predictably, the response I got was muted, because most of my “friends” there would rather not get bogged down by politics. I get it. It’s all too much these days, and we all need an escape to keep our sanity. (That’s me preaching, but as always, not practicing.)


I did get one interesting response on my post via a direct message from a longtime real friend, who I believe is a Republican. She told me that what I posted was “fake news.”

If you want to really get my blood boiling, mention the term “fake news.” It literally gets me to hate-sweating. “Fake news” was traitor Trump’s go-to belch when reacting to completely true things in the run-up to the nightmarish 2016 election. The term was used so much it unfortunately got some acceptance in American parlance.

If I never hear those two words again in five lifetimes, it will be too soon.

When I replied to my friend that it was, in fact, very, very “real” news, and attached several stories about it, she said, “Dang.”

She really didn’t know. And she really didn’t like it.

I am going to guess she gets most of her news out of the Fox sewer system, and doesn't bother with anything that comes at her with two sides on it.


How many other people out there aren’t aware of this gross injustice in Texas? Millions? Tens of millions?

Probably.

So far, we know one thing for sure surrounding this abortion issue: It is motivating voters to take action and protect their rights like nothing I can remember before it.

We have seen this in blue states, purple states and red states. It is a political winner for Democrats and a resounding loser for Republicans.

Here in the Battleground State of Wisconsin, we finally flipped our Supreme Court from red to blue in April when Justice Janet Protasiewicz walloped her conservative foe by 11 points.

Anybody who reads me even infrequently knows that I have been banging away that our Democracy is on the line in 2024. I believe it is the issue of my lifetime, but I am not convinced it is the motivating factor at the polls that I desperately think it should be.


Reproductive rights and healthcare rights are a subset of our Democracy. They are about ensuring women aren’t dragged back to seemingly dystopian times when they didn't even have the vote.

These are sad, powerful stories that need telling. This is what is on the line in 2024, America.

I am sorry beyond words for what you are going through right now, Kate Cox, but I will never forget you for as long as I live. I hope others will feel the same way when they go into the voting booth next year.

D. Earl Stephens is the author of “Toxic Tales: A Caustic Collection of Donald J. Trump’s Very Important Letters” and finished up a 30-year career in journalism as the Managing Editor of Stars and Stripes. Follow @EarlofEnough and on his website.
Disinformation is rampant on social media – a social psychologist explains the tactics use

The Conversation
December 11, 2023 


Information warfare abounds, and everyone online has been drafted whether they know it or not.

Disinformation is deliberately generated misleading content disseminated for selfish or malicious purposes. Unlike misinformation, which may be shared unwittingly or with good intentions, disinformation aims to foment distrust, destabilize institutions, discredit good intentions, defame opponents and delegitimize sources of knowledge such as science and journalism.

Many governments engage in disinformation campaigns. For instance, the Russian government has used images of celebrities to attract attention to anti-Ukraine propaganda. Meta, parent company of Facebook and Instagram, warned on Nov. 30, 2023, that China has stepped up its disinformation operations.

Disinformation is nothing new, and information warfare has been practiced by many countries, including the U.S. But the internet gives disinformation campaigns unprecedented reach. Foreign governments, internet trolls, domestic and international extremists, opportunistic profiteers and even paid disinformation agencies exploit the internet to spread questionable content. Periods of civil unrest, natural disasters, health crises and wars trigger anxiety and the hunt for information, which disinformation agents take advantage of.



Meta has uncovered and blocked sophisticated Chinese disinformation campaigns.


Certainly it’s worth watching for the warning signs for misinformation and dangerous speech, but there are additional tactics disinformation agents employ.

It’s just a joke

Hahaganda is a tactic in which disinformation agents use memes, political comedy from state-run outlets, or speeches to make light of serious matters, attack others, minimize violence or dehumanize, and deflect blame.

This approach provides an easy defense: If challenged, the disinformation agents can say, “Can’t you take a joke?” often followed by accusations of being too politically correct.

Shhh … tell everyone

Rumor-milling is a tactic in which the disinformation agents claim to have exclusive access to secrets they allege are being purposefully concealed. They indicate that you will “only hear this here” and will imply that others are unwilling to share the alleged truth – for example, “The media won’t report this” or “The government doesn’t want you to know” and “I shouldn’t be telling you this … .”

But they do not insist that the information be kept secret, and will instead include encouragement to share it – for example, “Make this go viral” or “Most people won’t have the courage to share this.” It’s important to question how an author or speaker could have come by such “secret” information and what their motive is to prompt you to share it.

People are saying

Often disinformation has no real evidence, so instead disinformation agents will find or make up people to support their assertions. This impersonation can take multiple forms. Disinformation agents will use anecdotes as evidence, especially sympathetic stories from vulnerable groups such as women or children.

Similarly, they may disseminate “concerned citizens’” perspectives. These layperson experts present their social identity as providing the authority to speak on a matter; “As a mother …,” “As a veteran …,” “As a police officer ….” Convert communicators, or people who allegedly change from the “wrong” position to the “right” one, can be especially persuasive, such as the woman who got an abortion but regretted it. These people often don’t actually exist or may be coerced or paid.

If ordinary people don’t suffice, fake experts may be used. Some are fabricated, and you can watch out for “inauthentic user” behavior, for example, by checking X – formerly Twitter – accounts using the Botometer. But fake experts can come in different varieties.A faux expert is someone used for their title but doesn’t have actual relevant expertise.

A pseudoexpert is someone who claims relevant expertise but has no actual training.
A junk expert is a sellout. They may have had expertise once but now say whatever is profitable. You can often find these people have supported other dubious claims – for example, that smoking doesn’t cause cancer – or work for institutes that regularly produce questionable “scholarship.”

An echo expert is when disinformation sources cite each other to provide credence for their claims. China and Russia routinely cite one another’s newspapers.

A stolen expert is someone who exists, but they weren’t actually contacted and their research is misinterpreted. Likewise, disinformation agents also steal credibility from known news sources, such as by typosquatting, the practice of setting up a domain name that closely resembles a legitimate organization’s.

You can check whether accounts, anecdotal or scientific, have been verified by other reliable sources. Google the name. Check expertise status, source validity and interpretation of research. Remember, one story or interpretation is not necessarily representative.


It’s all a conspiracy

Conspiratorial narratives involve some malevolent force – for example, “the deep state” – engaged in covert actions with the aim to cause harm to society. That certain conspiracies such as MK-Ultra and Watergate have been confirmed is often offered as evidence for the validity of new unfounded conspiracies.

Nonetheless, disinformation agents find that constructing a conspiracy is an effective means to remind people of past reasons to distrust governments, scientists or other trustworthy sources.

But extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Remember, the conspiracies that were ultimately unveiled had evidence – often from sources like investigative journalists, scientists and government investigations. Be particularly wary of conspiracies that try to delegitimize knowledge-producing institutions like universities, research labs, government agencies and news outlets by claiming that they are in on a cover-up.

Basic tips for resisting disinformation and misinformation include thinking twice before sharing social media posts that trigger emotional responses like anger and fear and checking the sources of posts that make unusual or extraordinary claims.

Good vs. evil

Disinformation often serves the dual purpose of making the originator look good and their opponents look bad. Disinformation takes this further by painting issues as a battle between good and evil, using accusations of evilness to legitimize violence. Russia is particularly fond of accusing others of being secret Nazis, pedophiles or Satanists. Meanwhile, they often depict their soldiers as helping children and the elderly.

Be especially wary of accusations of atrocities like genocide, especially under the attention-grabbing “breaking news” headline. Accusations abound. Verify the facts and how the information was obtained.

Are you with us or against us?


A false dichotomy narrative sets up the reader to believe that they have one of two mutually exclusive options; a good or a bad one, a right or a wrong one, a red pill or a blue pill. You can accept their version of reality or be an idiot or “sheeple.”

There are always more options than those being presented, and issues are rarely so black and white. This is just one of the tactics in brigading, where disinformation agents seek to silence dissenting viewpoints by casting them as the wrong choice.

Turning the tables

Whataboutism is a classic Russian disinformation technique they use to deflect attention from their own wrongdoings by alleging the wrongdoings of others. These allegations about the actions of others may be true or false but are nonetheless irrelevant to the matter at hand. The potential past wrongs of one group does not mean you should ignore the current wrongs of another.

Disinformation agents also often cast their group as the wronged party. They only engage in disinformation because their “enemy” engages in disinformation against them; they only attack to defend; and their reaction was appropriate, while that of others was an overreaction. This type of competitive victimhood is particularly pervasive when groups have been embedded in a long-lasting conflict.

In all of these cases, the disinformation agent is aware that they are deflecting, misleading, trolling or outright fabricating. If you don’t believe them, they at least want to make you question what, if anything, you can believe.

You often look into the things you buy rather than taking the advertising at face value before you hand over your money. This should also go for what information you buy into.

H. Colleen Sinclair, Associate Research Professor of Social Psychology, Louisiana State University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
What’s the point of giving gifts? Anthropologist explains this ancient part of being human

The Conversation
December 12, 2023

A Gift Box

Have you planned out your holiday gift giving yet? If you’re anything like me, you might be waiting until the last minute. But whether every single present is already wrapped and ready, or you’ll hit the shops on Christmas Eve, giving gifts is a curious but central part of being human.

While researching my new book, “So Much Stuff,” on how humanity has come to depend on tools and technology over the last 3 million years, I became fascinated by the purpose of giving things away. Why would people simply hand over something precious or valuable when they could use it themselves?

To me as an anthropologist, this is an especially powerful question because giving gifts likely has ancient roots. And gifts can be found in every known culture around the world.

So, what explains the power of the present?

Undoubtedly, gifts serve lots of purposes. Some psychologists have observed a “warm glow” – an intrinsic delight – that’s associated with giving presents. Theologians have noted how gifting is a way to express moral values, such as love, kindness and gratitude, in Catholicism, Buddhism and Islam. And philosophers ranging from Seneca to Friedrich Nietzsche regarded gifting as the best demonstration of selflessness. It’s little wonder that gifts are a central part of Hannukah, Christmas, Kwanzaa and other winter holidays – and that some people may even be tempted to regard Black Friday, the opening of the year-end shopping season, as a holiday in itself.

But of all the explanations for why people give gifts, the one I find most convincing was offered in 1925 by a French anthropologist named Marcel Mauss.


A thoughtful gift can feel worth more than its cash value.


Giving, receiving, reciprocating


Like many anthropologists, Mauss was puzzled by societies in which gifts were extravagantly given away.

For example, along the northwest coast of Canada and the United States, Indigenous peoples conduct potlatch ceremonies. In these dayslong feasts, hosts give away immense amounts of property. Consider a famous potlatch in 1921, held by a clan leader of the Kwakwaka’wakw Nation in Canada who gave community members 400 sacks of flour, heaps of blankets, sewing machines, furniture, canoes, gas-powered boats and even pool tables.

In a now-famous essay titled “The Gift,” originally published almost a century ago, Mauss sees potlaches as an extreme form of gifting. Yet, he suggests this behavior is totally recognizable in most every human society: We give things away even when keeping them for ourselves would seem to make much more economic and evolutionary sense.

Mauss observed that gifts create three separate but inextricably related actions. Gifts are given, received and reciprocated.

The first act of giving establishes the virtues of the gift giver. They express their generosity, kindness and honor.

The act of receiving the gift, in turn, shows a person’s willingness to be honored. This is a way for the receiver to show their own generosity, that they are willing to accept what was offered to them.

The third component of gift giving is reciprocity, returning in kind what was first given. Essentially, the person who received the gift is now expected – implicitly or explicitly – to give a gift back to the original giver.

But then, of course, once the first person gets something back, they must return yet another gift to the person who received the original gift. In this way, gifting becomes an endless loop of giving and receiving, giving and receiving.

This last step – reciprocity – is what makes gifts unique. Unlike buying something at a store, in which the exchange ends when money is traded for goods, giving gifts builds and sustains relationships. This relationship between the gift giver and receiver is bound up with morality. Gifting is an expression of fairness because each present is generally of equal or greater value than what was last given. And gifting is an expression of respect because it shows a willingness to honor the other person.

In these ways, gifting tethers people together. It keeps people connected in an infinite cycle of mutual obligations.


The year-end shopping frenzy can tip away from meaningful gift exchange to expensive consumerism.
 


Giving better gifts


Are modern-day consumers unknowingly embodying Mauss’ theory a little too well? After all, many people today suffer not from the lack of gifts, but from an overabundance.

Gallup reports that the average American holiday shopper estimates they’ll spend US$975 on presents in 2023, the highest amount since this survey began in 1999.

And many gifts are simply thrown out. In the 2019 holiday season, it was estimated that more than $15 billion of gifts purchased by Americans were unwanted, with 4% going directly to the landfill. This year, holiday spending is expected to increase in the U.K., Canada, Japan and elsewhere.

Modern-day gifting practices may be the source of both awe and anger. On the one hand, by giving presents you are engaging in an ancient behavior that makes us human by growing and sustaining our relationships. On the other hand, it seems as if some societies might be using the holiday season as an excuse to simply consume more and more.

Mauss’ ideas do not promote runaway consumerism. On the contrary, his explanations of gifts suggest that the more meaningful and personal the present, the greater the respect and honor being shown. A truly thoughtful gift is far less likely to end up in a dump. And vintage, upcycled, handmade goods – or a personalized experience such as a food tour or hot air balloon ride – might even be more valued than an expensive item mass-produced on the other side of the world, shipped across oceans and packaged in plastic.

Quality gifts can speak to your values and more meaningfully sustain your relationships.

Chip Colwell, Associate Research Professor of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Why tornado outbreaks happen in the East during winter and not in Tornado Alley: report

Sarah K. Burris
December 10, 2023 


Another winter of storms breaking out across the southeastern United States is reviving the conversation about the "movement" of the so-called "Tornado Alley," which is what the central U.S. is sometimes called. There are also questions about how climate change is bringing more deadly outbreaks year-round. The evidence shows it isn't what you might think.

Over the weekend, Tennessee had a tornado outbreak that spun an EF-2 and EF3 tornado, which brought with them 111-135 mph winds and 136-165 mph winds respectively. Six people were killed, including three who were sheltering in a trailer. Those three included a mother and her 2-year-old son.

In the middle of the country, storms tend to break out more in the spring. In the winter months the Jet Stream shifts, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says. With it, the warm moist air coming from the Gulf of Mexico clashes again with cool dry air coming from the Arctic. When the two air masses come together they create the conditions ripe for tornadoes and severe storms to form.

Such was the case with a Jan. 16, 2023 outbreak in which a tornado touched down in eastern Iowa. The Dec. 10, 2021 outbreak, however, set the record for the most tornadoes in the winter, with 71 confirmed tornadoes in 24 hours. Mayfield, Kentucky, in particular, was completely devastated.

Scientific America crafted an attempt at trying to explain that somehow Tornado Alley was shifting, but it takes into account only They collected all of the data of tornado outbreaks from 1950-1980 and put it in one data set and large tornado outbreaks from 1989-2019. They plotted them all on a map, but only looked at "a large outbreak defined as a day when eight or more counties experience tornadoes of strength EF-1 or higher."

There is not enough data available to chart all of the tornadoes between 1950 and 1980 to compare to tornadoes from 1989 to 2019. The report never explains why there are nine years missing in their data. The leaps in both technology and detection have changed so drastically that there simply isn't enough information to reasonably conclude Tornado Alley has "shifted."

National Geographic explains that there's no real evidence that shows there are a greater number of tornadoes happening in the United States either. The problem with the data, they explain, is that it's woefully inadequate. Looking at the track record of tornadoes from the 1950s through the 1980s lacks the same scientific standards used to measure tornadoes. In fact, it lacks all of the meteorological standards today.

The Fujita Scale wasn't introduced until 1971, which ranked tornadoes by how much they destroyed. So, no scale existed for storms prior to that data, NOAA says. There wasn't a way to calculate the wind speed in or around the funnel unless it happened to mow over a tool that measured it.

The problem with the F-Scale system, however, was that it required qualified meteorologists and engineers to observe, analyze and report their findings. There were parts of the country where a powerful tornado could have dropped down, but due to the small population, it may not have even been reported, much less measured. As National Geographic explains, the U.S. population was half the size in 1950 to what it is today.

While Doppler radar was utilized by the military in the 1940s and by air travel starting in the early 1950s, it wasn't until Dick Doviak moved to Oklahoma in 1971 that the National Severe Storms Laboratory began using the radar to monitor storms, NOAA recalled in his 2021 obituary.

The "Enhanced Fujita Scale" was established in 2007, Weather.gov said. That's when modern technology came together to calculate both the conditions and destruction due to a tornado. So, mapping tornadoes for 60 years with a 21st-century scale, and using incomplete data puts researchers in a quandary for how to properly chart whether or not the storms are increasing in number or in size. The only real apples-to-apples comparisons come from more advanced radar after 1971 and the availability of better technology that can measure the storms in real time, which wasn't broadly available until at least the mid-1990s.

"A lot more are being recorded now than in 1950, but a closer look at the data shows the increase is only in the weakest category, EF0. There's been no increase in stronger twisters, and maybe even a slight decrease in EF4s and EF5s," the National Geographic explained. "That suggests we're just spotting more of the weak and short-lived tornadoes than we did back when the country was emptier (the United States population in 1950 was less than half what it is now), we didn't have Doppler radar, and Oklahoma highways weren't jammed with storm-chasers."


So, there's no real evidence to prove Tornado Alley is shifting to the east because scientists don't have a lot of data to compare it to. Outside of the SyFy network, it doesn't appear any researchers studying whether a "Sharknado" or even a "Snownado" are possible.
How is the Great Wall of China still standing? A ‘living skin’ is helping, study says

2023/12/11
The Great Wall of China snakes 13,170 miles and dates back more than 2,300 years. - Marlise Kast-Myers/Marlise Kast-Myers/TNS

Snaking hundreds of miles across mountains and plains, the Great Wall of China is an iconic and unparalleled historic site. Construction on the vast network of walls, fortresses and other fortifications began in the seventh century B.C. and continued until the 17th century A.D.

The monumental structure has stood the test of time — in part because of a “living skin,” scientists recently found.

Researchers wanted to figure out the best way to help protect the Great Wall of China from wind and erosion, according to a study published Dec. 8 in the journal Science Advances. They noticed that the structure was “largely colonized by biocrusts.”

Biocrusts, or “biological soil crusts,” are thin layers of mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria and other vegetation that function like a “living skin,” according to a 2018 study on the topic.

Researchers wanted to know if the biocrusts growing on the Great Wall of China were helping or hurting the structure. They surveyed about 375 miles of walls and fortresses built about 500 years ago to evaluate the biocrusts, level of preservation and other factors, the study said.



Photos show several of these survey sites and two types of biocrusts that researchers studied.

“We found that biocrusts play an essential role in reducing erosion in the Great Wall compared with bare walls,” researchers said.

Biocrusts helped protect the structure by reducing wind speeds, absorbing raindrops, preventing harmful materials from getting inside, stabilizing the soil within and acting as a temperature buffer, the study said. The overall result is increased stability and decreased risk of erosion.

Researchers said biocrusts were helpful for the Great Wall because, unlike other historic structures, it has many sections built with soil, dirt and “rammed earth.”

Rather than removing biocrust vegetation from the historic structure, researchers argued for allowing it to grow naturally and intentionally introducing the plants to bare areas. The main disadvantage of this approach is it may “disfigure the original appearance and aesthetics,” the study said.

The research team included Yousong Cao, Matthew Bowker, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo and Bo Xiao.

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© The Charlotte Observer
US House passes bill banning uranium imports from Russia

GOOD NEWS FOR SASKATCHEWAN


By Timothy Gardner
2023/12/11

WASHINGTON (Reuters) -The U.S. House of Representatives on Monday passed a ban on imports of Russian uranium as lawmakers seek to add pressure on Moscow for its war on Ukraine, though the measure has waivers in case of supply concerns for domestic reactors.

The bill must pass the Senate and be signed by President Joe Biden before becoming law. It is uncertain whether there will be enough time in the Senate schedule for it to be voted on this year.

The bill, passed by voice vote in the House after the chamber suspended usual voting rules on the measure, would ban the imports 90 days after enactment, subject to the waivers.

The House bill contains waivers allowing the import of low-enriched uranium from Russia if the U.S. energy secretary determines there is no alternative source available for operation of a nuclear reactor or a U.S. nuclear energy company, or if the shipments are in the national interest.

"The risks of continuing this dependence on Russia for our nuclear fuels are simply too great," said Republican Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers before the vote. "It's weakening America's nuclear fuel infrastructure, which has declined significantly because of reliance on these cheap fuels."

The United States banned imports of Russia oil after the invasion of Ukraine last year and imposed a price cap with other Western countries on sea-borne exports of its crude and oil products, but it has not banned imports of its uranium.

U.S. nuclear power plants imported about 12% of their uranium from Russia in 2022, compared to 27% from Canada and 25% from Kazakhstan, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The United States was the source of about 5% of uranium used domestically that year, the EIA said.

Allowed imports of Russian uranium under the waiver would be gradually reduced to 459 metric tons in 2027 from about 476.5 tons in 2024.

(Reporting by Timothy Gardner; Editing by Stephen Coates and Sandra Maler)

© Reuters