Wednesday, September 09, 2020




Liberals & hawks accuse Trump of ‘attack’ on military after he says Pentagon chiefs ‘fight wars to keep arms dealers healthy'

8 Sep, 2020 

FILE PHOTOS. © Reuters / Brendan McDermid; Reuters / Sarah Silbiger
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US President Donald Trump accused the Pentagon’s top brass of starting wars in order to hand billions to arms makers, drawing shocked reactions from his liberal critics and foreign policy hawks – some playing both roles at once.


“I'm not saying the military's in love with me – the soldiers are,” the president said at a White House press conference on Monday.


The top people in the Pentagon probably aren't because they want to do nothing but fight wars so that all of those wonderful companies that make the bombs and make the planes and make everything else stay healthy.



Trump: "I'm not saying the military's in love with me. The soldiers are. The top people in the Pentagon probably aren't because they want to do nothing but fight wars, so all of those wonderful companies that make the bombs and make the planes and make everything else stay happy" pic.twitter.com/uu1UnBnHbT— CBS News (@CBSNews) September 7, 2020

Trump’s comments come as his latest response to a September 3 story in the Atlantic, which alleged the president had denigrated fallen American soldiers throughout his time in office, reportedly dubbing them “losers” and “suckers.” Trump has repeatedly denied the allegations, which were based on the claims of anonymous officials and aides, reiterating on Monday: “Who would say a thing like that? Only an animal would say a thing like that.”


His scathing critique of the Pentagon’s top leadership prompted a new wave of controversy, however, as a number of media pundits, Democratic lawmakers and bellicose foreign policy commentators lined up to voice horror at the “unprecedented public attack” on the military.

“Perhaps [Defense Secretary Mark Esper] should defend the honor of those with whom he serves at the Pentagon? He has little to lose, since he's probably going to be fired anyway. Why not go out on a high note?”tweeted neoconservative luminary Bill Kristol, a top booster of the disastrous US invasion of Iraq and a vocal #NeverTrumper.



Dear @realDonaldTrump: You have attacked servicemembers who died in war; Gold Star families; POWs; and now military leadership. WHAT IS WRONG WITH YOU?You are the Commander in Chief. Please stop denigrating our military.Also when will you condemn Putin?#TrumpPressConferencehttps://t.co/wSnjuCCJ5n— Ted Lieu (@tedlieu) September 7, 2020



Everyone is entitled to their opinion about the US military. But this comes during 9-11 commemoration here at Pentagon & military bases around the world. Generals have held dying troops in their arms, buried them at Arlington and 19 years later still comfort families. https://t.co/8W6vom3gsF— Barbara Starr (@barbarastarrcnn) September 7, 2020



Wait, so after insisting he'd never insult military veterans, Trump goes on live television and accuses military leaders of being warmongers?— Josh Campbell (@joshscampbell) September 7, 2020

The president’s son, Donald Trump Jr., also weighed into the fray, arguing that a “permanent moratorium” on retired generals serving on the boards of defense contractors – a phenomenon known as the ‘revolving door’ – would “end the endless wars immediately.” He pointed to a series of former officials who left their posts in the Pentagon for cushy jobs in the weapons industry, where retired officers often work as lobbyists helping to grease the skids for lucrative government contracts.



If you want to end the endless wars immediately put a permanent moratorium on retired General’s serving on the boards of defense contractors. We would be out of Afghanistan by Wednesday. https://t.co/99QkLgZ7Uj— Donald Trump Jr. (@DonaldJTrumpJr) September 7, 2020

Between 2008 and 2018, at least 380 high-ranking Pentagon officials were hired by top defense contractors after leaving public office, including 25 generals, 9 admirals, 43 lieutenant generals and 23 vice admirals, according to a report by the Project On Government Oversight (POGO). Many became lobbyists, board members, executives or consultants for firms such as Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, Raytheon and Northrop Grumman.



What's next, calling out military brass for retiring to plum positions on military industrial company boards and then appearing on cable news to drum up support for war without disclosing their conflicts of interest? No, sir! I won't hear of it!!!!— Eoin Higgins (@EoinHiggins_) September 7, 2020

Some netizens, as well as progressive lawmaker Ro Khanna (D-California), took up a wholly different criticism of the president, arguing that while Trump is correct about the Pentagon, he himself has been “complicit” in expanding US military budgets and feeding billions to arms dealers.

“This is correct but Trump has increased the military budget and the amount of bombs we drop, which means larger profits for defense contractors. So he’s right but he is also complicit,” one user wrote.


I know you do not believe facts matter. But if you are really opposed to companies that make bombs and planes making money, why have you proposed over $140 billion MORE in defense spending than Obama, including a slush fund for endless wars. https://t.co/W18IN0WGFM— Ro Khanna (@RoKhanna) September 7, 2020


"President Trump has accused US military leaders of seeking to start wars to boost the profits of defense contractors"Aren't there historical facts to back this up?Ever heard of the USS Maine?Or the Gulf of Tonkin?How about 'weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.' pic.twitter.com/FVgVmDhPrT— Cognitive Dissident-I Believe 6% of What CDC Says (@farmingganja) September 7, 2020

People are so focused on saying he’s wrong that they don’t realize the real issue - he’s right, but he’s made the problem WORSE. He’s given them MORE money. Only Trump could get away with calling out a problem that he’s contributing to— Abolish the DSCC (@bluefacebabyyy_) September 7, 2020

Despite his withering attack on the Pentagon’s revolving door, Trump has frequently boasted of “rebuilding” the US armed forces with vast military expenditures, which continue to outspend the world’s next 11 largest defense budgets combined. He has also repeatedly touted multi-billion dollar weapons sales to Saudi Arabia and other allies, insisting they support American jobs and bring money into the country.


Soaring US ‘defense’ budget helped drive world military spending to 10-year high in 2019
15 Feb, 2020


FILE PHOTO: US Navy sailors move aircraft from an elevator into the hangar bay of the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt in the South China Sea. © Reuters / Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Michael Hogan / US Navy Handou
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Global military expenditures in 2019 saw their largest increase in 10 years, propelled in no small part by skyrocketing US “defense” budgets, which continue to dwarf some of the world’s next largest spenders combined.


Military spending among 170 countries jumped by 4 percent in 2019 compared to the prior year, sending the total to its highest level in a decade, according to an annual assessment released on Friday by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).



Global defence spending has reached its highest level in a decade, IISS #MilitaryBalance data published today shows. Find out more in The Military Balance 2020 – OUT NOW | https://t.co/4sQPYYuTVVpic.twitter.com/OL2ZPfvRIn— IISS News (@IISS_org) February 14, 2020

While the new report attributes the soaring pay-outs to an “unstable international security environment,” Washington’s massive $53.4 billion “defense” hike – roughly equal to the UK’s entire military budget – played an outsized role in driving the numbers to their current 10-year record high.ALSO ON RT.COM‘Too much money invested in war’: US defense industry drives global military spending spree

China placed second on the list, spending around $181 billion last year as Beijing continues to modernize and expand its armed forces. Compared to 2018, both Washington and Beijing’s military budgets grew by some 6.6 percent, but while growth was similar between the two countries, the trends are “diverging” and the US is widening the gap, according to IISS research fellow Lucie Béraud-Sudreau.

“The budget increase in the US was the largest in 10 years, and spending has increased year-on-year since US President Donald Trump took office,” Béraud-Sudreau wrote in a blog post. “While spending is still rising in China, the pace of growth is decelerating.”



‘Nominal increase in US defence spending of US$53.4bn between 2018 and 2019 almost matched the UK’s entire 2019 defence budget of US$54.8bn, and is equivalent to the 7th-largest defence budget in the world’ | @chipmanj#MilitaryBalance#MSC2020https://t.co/4DNxTV6Y2mpic.twitter.com/1653bVxxbG— IISS News (@IISS_org) February 14, 2020

With total US military expenditures hitting nearly $685 billion in 2019, Washington continues to out-spend 11 countries combined – China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, India, the UK, France, Japan, Germany, South Korea, Brazil, and Italy. Though euphemistically termed “defense spending,” much of the US outlays finance a vast network of overseas bases and foreign troop deployments, some of them – such as in Iraq and Afghanistan – ongoing for the better part of two decades.

Military budgets in Europe have seen marked increases as Washington demanded its NATO partners contribute more to their own defense. However, US allies “still have some way to go before they would be able to act effectively without US military assistance,” the report notes, as it is unclear that the spending increases in 2019 “will significantly improve military capabilities in the near term.”

‘Too much money invested in war’: US defense industry drives global military spending spree

30 Apr, 2019 

FILE PHOTO. © Reuters / US Navy /Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Z.A. Lan
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Global military expenditures reached their peak in 2018, and the driving force behind this increase is the growing appetite of the US military-industrial complex rather than real threats, analysts say.


The world spent $1.8 trillion on its military in 2018, the latest report by the acclaimed Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The US and its NATO allies – the self-proclaimed defenders of freedom and democracy – account for more than half of this whopping amount.

Washington’s other close friend Saudi Arabia is the third largest military spender, coming ahead of India.
READ MORE
Global military expenditure at 3-decade high, biggest spender US sees first increase since 2010

“A lot of this spending, particularly in the case of Saudi Arabia and India, is for political reasons,” Michael Maloof, a former senior security policy analyst at the Pentagon, told RT. New Delhi and Riyadh seek to “curry favor” with Washington by purchasing the US weapons in hope for concessions in other areas, he explained.

Washington’s NATO allies have seen pressure from the US related to their military spending ever since Donald Trump came to power in the White House. Maloof believes it has less to do with security of the alliance and more with the interests of the US arms manufacturers.

“A lot of that is aimed at trying to help the US defense industry to stay ahead [of their competitors] and hire more people,” he explained, adding that the issue of the military expenditures has a “clear economic dimension.”

In its desire to sate the always-hungry domestic military industrial complex, the US risks escalating tensions on the international arena, analysts warn. Washington’s hawks typically justify the need for ever-increasing military expenditures with some perceived threats from Russia or China, portraying them as war mongers.

“There is no good reason” for larger defense budgets, Ted Seay, a former US diplomat and senior policy consultant with the British American Security Information Council (BASIC), told RT. It is the West’s fear of the perceived ‘Russian threat’ that has in fact led to destabilization on the European continent, he noted.

ALSO ON RT.COM  US ‘not interested in matching new Russian weapons’, but will use nukes if it 'has to'

“There are military provocations taking place between NATO and Russia where there should not be any far in the 21th century when there is no logical reason for any confrontation between Europe and Russia,” Seay said.

The former US diplomat also denounced as senseless the NATO “formula” demanding that member states spend two percent of their GDP on defense.


There is not a military situation that necessitates [the likes of] Latvia or Poland to find a solution in greater military spending. It simply does not exist in this age. But there are people who seem to be intent on creating confrontation and encouraging the NATO countries to spend more money with no good reason.


Yet, it is precisely Poland and the Baltic States that top the list of nations with the highest annual defense spending increases in Europe over the recent years.

Poland’s military budget rose by 8.9 per cent in 2018 to $11.6 billion, according to SIPRI, while Latvia upped its military expenditures by staggering 24 percent over the same period. Bulgaria and Ukraine – which is not in NATO – followed closely, increasing their spending by 23 and 21 percent respectively.

Meanwhile, the US and its allies grossly outspend all the nations they perceive as alleged threats. The US expenditures alone accounted for 36 percent of global defense spending while exceeding the expenditures of the next eight largest-spending countries combined in 2018. NATO’s total military spending accounted for 53 percent of the global defense expenditures.ALSO ON RT.COM

Lukashenko says US behind Belarus protests, exploiting small newly emerged class of ‘young bourgeois’ who ‘want power’

HE TELLS RUSSIAN MEDIA

The Belarusian president believes that protests which have rocked the country are organized by Washington using Russian-designed messaging app Telegram and backboned by a class of “young bourgeois” that has emerged in Belarus.

Alexander Lukashenko, who has been under pressure since a disputed election last month, told Russian journalists on Tuesday that the alleged US interference is effectively a dry-run for a future attempt to destabilize Russia. The president officially won 80 percent of the vote in the August poll, but the opposition says the contest was rigged.

“We asked [Lukashenko] who is interested in this [supporting the protest movement in Belarus], and what side he expected and expects the trouble to come from,” Rossiya-1 TV reporter Yevgeny Rozkov revealed to news agency TASS. “He believes that, first and foremost, the Americans are behind everything, acting through centers in Poland and the Czech Republic. But there are also internal reasons, he said. One reason is the fact that two new generations have grown up in Belarus, forming a small class of ‘young bourgeois’ who ‘want power.’”

Dwelling on the alleged US ‘orchestrators’ of the unrest, Alexander Lukashenko stated that they have Russia in mind. “We know who is behind all those Telegram channels: they are the Americans. We all need to understand that this is not about Belarus. Their main goal is Russia,” Editor-in-Chief of Govorit Moskva radio station Roman Babayan quoted Lukashenko as saying. Babayan was among the Russian reporters who interviewed Lukashenko earlier on Tuesday.

Telegram is a cloud-based instant messaging app, devised by brothers Pavel and Nikolai Durov who previously created Russia's leading social network, VKontakte.  It does not disclose where its offices are located, but it's believed to have employees in St. Petersburg and Dubai.

“What do you do about Telegram channels? Can you block these Telegram channels? No one can, even those who invented this entire internet. The Americans,” Lukashenko added in extracts published by RT's Russian-language service. The full interview will be broadcast later.


The presidential election in Belarus took place on August 9. Immediately after the results were announced, mass protests sparked across the country leading to clashes with law enforcement during the first days. The Belarusian opposition’s Coordination Council urges people to continue protesting, while the authorities demand that the unauthorized rallies stop. According to the Belarusian leading opposition figure Pavel Latushko, over 10,000 people have been detained since August 9.“You can see what is going on there,” he went on to say referring to recent unrest in the United States. “And Telegram channels are playing a leading role there. And it was they who started the whole story, and did it long ago. Not Russia, not Belarus – it is they who have been doing it all the time. And now they have what they have. Whatever! And we are reaping the fruits of it.”


BELARUS

Maryia Kalesnikava in Minsk jail

Maryia Kalesnikava has been arrested and is in jail No. 1 on Valadarskaha street, TUT.BY has learnt from Maryia’s father Alyaksandr Kalesnikau.

“The head of the investigative group of the Main Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee, Mr Vasilyuk, called me and said that she had been arrested. He suggested that I brought her a food parcel,” said Alyaksandr Kalesnikau.

Sveyalana Tsikhanouskaya and Maryia Kalesnikava at a campaign rally.

On the night of September 7, Anton Radnyankou and Ivan Krautsou left Belarus for Ukraine under duress. They gave a press conference in Kyiv where they told how the KGB took Maryia Kalesnikava out by force, but failed to push her out the country. In the neutral zone at the border, she tore her passport, jumped out of the car and returned to the Belarusian border.

State propaganda media reported on the voluntary departure of the Coordination Council members, calling the departure a flight. In a conversation with Russian propagandists, Alyaksandr Lukashenka said that Maryia Kalesnikava wanted to run away to her sister in Ukraine, but Kalesnikava’s father, Anton Radnyankou and Ivan Krautsou denied Lukashenka’s statement. What she is charged with is unknown.

  • On August 20, the Prosecutor General’s Office opened a case under Article 361 (calls for the seizure of power) of the Criminal Code, which faces up to 5 years in prison.
  • “The creation and activities of the Coordination Council are aimed at seizing state power, as well as causing damage to the national security of the Republic of Belarus. Based on this, a criminal case was opened under Article 361 of the Criminal Code,” said the Prosecutor General.

belsat.eu

BELARUS LITTLE GREEN MEN

Masked persons in green detain participants in rally of solidarity with Maryia Kalesnikava

On September 8, hundreds of Minskers gathered in the vicinity of Kamarouski market to show support for Coordination Council member Maryia Kalesnikava. She was detained at the Belarusian-Ukrainian border on Tuesday morning.

Women solidary with Maryia Kalesnikava. 8 September 2020. Photo: Iryna Arakhouskaya / belsat.eu

Policemen immediately arrived at the scene, warning Belarusians against showing up at ‘the unauthorised mass event’. Plainclothes people were filming the participants.

Women solidary with Maryia Kalesnikava. 8 September 2020. Photo: Iryna Arakhouskaya / belsat.eu
Solidarity rally in Minsk. 8 September 2020. Photo: Iryna Arakhouskaya / belsat.eu

A bit later, OMON forces and persons wearing balaclavas and green uniforms (but allegedly having no insignia) started to detain the protesters. The women were chanting: “Thugs!”

According to human rights centre Viasna, the unknown individuals have grabbed Natallya SalukHalina MakratsovaAlena Artsyomenkava. Belsat.eu has also got information about the detention of poets Hanna KomarUladzimir Lyankevich and translator Syarhei Myadzvedzeu.

Brazil: Bolsonaro Praises Dictatorship At National Celebration

Citizens reacted to his anti-democratic speech by shouting "fascist", "corrupt", and "assassin"


Jair Bolsonaro arrives to Alvorada Palace in Brasilia, Brazil, Sept. 8, 2020. | Photo: EFE

Published 8 September 2020 TELESUR

Brazil's President Jair Bolsonaro Monday glorified dictatorship during his speech at the Independence Day ceremony, something that stirred up social unrest in several cities.

By saying that "the blood of Brazilians has always been shed for freedom," the far-right politician wistfully recalled the military coup that inaugurated the authoritarian regime that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. During that period, however, the only blood spilled was that of progressive social, intellectual, religious, and political leaders.

"In the 1960s, when the shadow of communism threatened us, millions of Brazilians identified with national desires to preserve democratic institutions," he said.

"They took to the streets against a country taken by ideological radicalization, strikes, social disorder, and widespread corruption."

In a Independence Day speech to the Brazilian people today former President Lula says, "Bolsonaro has committed treason by betraying our sovereignty." pic.twitter.com/b3WPRHYkJy— BrianMier (@BrianMteleSUR) September 7, 2020


The president attended to the 198th anniversary of the Independence Day ceremony without a face mask and surrounded by children, while the country struggles with COVID-19.

Once the ceremony was over, the former Capitan addressed the audience and ignored the preventive measures recommended by epidemiologists. It is worth to remember that last July Bolsonaro was positive for the virus, although he is fully recovered now.

In Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janerio, citizens reacted to his anti-democratic speech by shouting words such as "fascist", "corrupt", and "assassin". Anti-government protesters and Bolsonaro supporters clashed in several cities.
100+ Organizations Urge Biden to Adopt Good Neighbor Policy

Members of the progressive activist group Code Pink protest outside of the Quicken Loans Arena before the start of the 2016 Republican National Convention. Cleveland, Ohio, USA. July 21, 2016. | Photo: EFE/Jim Lo Scalzo

Published 8 September 2020 TELESUR

Spearheaded by the peace group CODEPINK, the letter includes endorsements from over 100 hundred organizations that work on issues related to U.S. foreign policy in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Among the organizations calling for the next presidential administration to adopt a new "Good Neighbor Policy" and reject Trump's "Monroe Doctrine 2.0" are Alianza Americas, Center for International Policy, Global Exchange, Latin America Working Group, Oxfam America, Witness for Peace Solidarity Collective, and dozens more.

With regards to setting a new policy agenda, the letter warns that "the U.S. president will face a hemisphere that will not only still be reeling from the coronavirus but will also be experiencing a deep economic recession, and that the best to help is not by seeking to impose its will, but rather by adopting a broad set of reforms to reframe relations with our neighbors to the south."


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The first of the reforms spelled out in the letter is the lifting of economic sanctions against Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua, which are causing widespread economic suffering, especially during the pandemic.

The next of the measures for the next U.S. president to adopt is to halt the hundreds of millions of dollars of police and military equipment and training that the U.S. provides to Latin American and the Caribbean annually, as well as the removal of U.S. military and police personnel from the region.

Repeat after me: Latin America is NOT America's to exploit.

That's why CODEPINK & over 100 other orgs are calling on the next administration to end US imperialism & adopt a new Good Neighbor Policy towards Latin America. @medeabenjamin @LeonardoEFAhttps://t.co/87VJdJcMj3— CODEPINK (@codepink) September 8, 2020

The letter also urges the next administration to stop flagrantly interfering in neighbors' elections, such as in Venezuela, denouncing such blatant and contradictory interference while calling for respect of other nations' sovereignty. Similarly, the letter condemns the United States' outsized role in multilateral financial institutions like the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank, among others, demanding the U.S. cease implementation of neoliberal austerity models and instead support funding public health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lastly, the letter calls for a de-instrumentalization of human rights for political gain and protection for land and human rights defenders at home and abroad, while also proposing a swift transformation of the U.S. immigration system, including a moratorium on all deportations, the re-establishment of the asylum process at the U.S.-Mexico border, and an end to private immigration detention, among other calls.


Women March Against Gender-Based Violence in Costa Rica

Demonstration against femicides in San Jose, September 6, 2020. 
| Photo: Twitter/ @h24news_cr

Published 8 September 2020 TELESUR


"I was born to be free, not to be murdered" was the message stressed by citizens ​​​​​​​demanding justice.

On Sunday, thousands of women across Costa Rica marched to demand justice for the young Allison Bonilla’s femicide and all women who suffer gender-based violence.

Under the slogan “No more impunity” women took to the streets to demand strict law enforcement against those aggressors who beat, rape, and kill women.

In cities such as San Jose, Cartago, and Puntarenas, citizens also shared the message, “I was born to be free, not to be murdered.”

“We want to make femicide visible in a country where aggressors go unpunished thanks to the authorities' negligence,” the organization Brujas Feministas stated.

En San José, Costa Rica así se vivió la marcha de las mujeres este #8M2020 en el #DíaDeLaMujer pic.twitter.com/p2sAknzxmj— William Serrano Baby (@W_Serrano_Baby) March 8, 2020
"This is how the International Women's Day was lived in San Jose, Costa Rica, on March 8, 2020."

The families of femicide victims “are not alone, neither are those women suffering from domestic violence in times of pandemic,” Brujas Feministas added.

The citizens paid tribute to 18-years-old Allison Bonilla who disappeared when she was returning home on March 4, 2019. Earlier this month, a man was arrested after he confessed to her murder.

“We are here to ask for justice and raise our voice on behalf of our sisters who are not here with us today,” the demonstrators assured.

Costa Rica's women march also remembered Maria Cedeño and Luanny Salazar, both of whom were killed in July. Two men are under arrest for their connection to their femicides.

Costa Rica's vice president-elect Epsy Campbell Barr will be the first black woman in Latin America to hold the position. pic.twitter.com/JdeOdNwgCc— teleSUR English (@telesurenglish) April 2, 2018

by teleSUR/ age-JF
Cuba Ratifies Commitment To the Struggle for Global Literacy

In 1961, Cuba became the first country in Latin America and the Caribbean to uproot illiteracy in its territory. | Photo: Twitter/@CubaMINREX

Published 8 September 2020 

The Cuban National Commission for UNESCO remembered this World Literacy Day the contributions of the island nation to this global struggle.

The Cuban National Commission for UNESCO reminded this September 8 of the commitment by the people and the government of Cuba to the global efforts to achieve literacy for all, on the occasion of commemorating World Literacy Day.

The renewed commitment comes amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which has motivated the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to emphasize "the teaching and learning of literacy during the COVID-19 crisis, including the role played by teachers and the evolution of pedagogies."



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The announcement from the non-governmental entity noted that Cuba joins the commemoration with concrete results, "not only for having eradicated illiteracy in 1961 through the Literacy Campaign...but instead, and more than anything, due to its impressive continued education throughout the country with internationally recognized values, including universal, free and quality access.

Furthermore, Cuba "has shown significant results in its commitment to the global efforts to eliminate illiteracy through international cooperation," the announcement states, exemplifying the application of the teaching method developed by Cuban pedagogues "Yo Si Puedo" ("Yes I Can"), which won the UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize for its "contribution to the teaching of reading and writing.


#Cuba spread its successful experience of the Literacy Campaign through its solidarity-based contribution to other countries using the Yes, I can method. #SomosCuba #SomosContinuidad https://t.co/USAvJT0HrR— Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez (@DiazCanelB) September 8, 2020

The "Yes I Can" methodology has been employed in some thirty countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Oceania, and Europe; among them are Spain, Australia, Angola, Mozambique, Haiti, El Salvador, and Mexico.

As a result, some 10,604,827 people of all ages have become literate through Havana's advisory, a reason for which the Commission's text today reminded that "it's a shame that throughout the world $1.9 trillion in military expenditure is wasted while 773 million adults, two-thirds of them women, still lack the basic ability to read and write."

Cuba is a territory free of illiteracy since December 1961 when, after two years of an intense campaign, it was able to reduce the illiteracy rate to under 3%, achieved after four and a half centuries of absolutely no schooling for the vast majority of the population