Sunday, November 29, 2020

SPRING 2020
‘We’re essential workers and we’re hurting right now’: Coronavirus is taking a devastating toll on nursing home employees

By DANIELA ALTIMARI
HARTFORD COURANT |
MAY 17, 2020 

Sean Diaz, wearing his wedding outfit, looks at photos of his late wife, Cassondra Diaz, outside of his family's home Friday in Hartford. Cassondra Diaz, 31, passed away due to COVID-19 complications. She worked at Chelsea Place Care Center as a bookkeeper, and when Sean lost his job due to the economic impact of COVID-19, the couple — who had been married a year — needed Cassondra's income to pay the rent. She is one of at least seven employees of nursing homes in Connecticut to die of COVID-related complications since the virus began its lethal march. (Kassi Jackson / Hartford Courant) (Kassi Jackson / Hartford Courant)


With the coronavirus tearing through the Chelsea Place Care Center in Hartford, Cassondra Diaz was careful to take precautions.

She always wore a mask, even though she worked as a bookkeeper in the front office, not providing direct care to patients. Every night, when she returned home to her New Britain apartment, she sprayed down her shoes with Lysol, removed her clothes and immediately hopped into the shower.

Despite those safeguards, Diaz, 31, contracted the coronavirus in early April and died less than three weeks later. She is one of at least seven nursing home employees in Connecticut to die of COVID-19-related complications since the virus began its lethal march. Many more have fallen ill but survived.

Remembering those in Connecticut that we’ve lost to coronavirus »

The pandemic has taken a devastating toll on doctors, nurses and other medical personnel, who have been hailed as heroes for their work on the front lines.

But it has also brought illness and death to the vital, but less visible, brigade of workers in nursing homes, from nurses and dietary aides to office personnel and housekeepers.


The labor force is overwhelmingly female, and predominantly African American and Latina. Many of the workers are immigrants.

Wages for nonclinical workers are low: unionized employees make an average of $12 to $15 an hour; those who are not part of a union generally earn minimum wage. (Salaries for licensed practical nurses and registered nurses are significantly higher.)

Despite the modest pay, the job has always been physically and emotionally demanding, even before the stress of the current public health crisis.

“These workers were not paid attention to until we hit this disastrous outcome,” said Randy Albelda, a professor of economics and senior research fellow at the Center for Social Policy at the University of Massachusetts Boston. “It’s a labor force that has always been essential, but never thought of as valued.”

Connecticut nursing homes have become hot zones for the virus, with patients accounting for at least 1,927 — or about 60% — of the state’s more than 3,200 COVID-19 deaths.

There has been no official tally of worker deaths. Nursing homes have not released the names of employees who have died, citing privacy concerns.

SEIU 1199, the union that represents about 7,000 workers in 69 skilled nursing facilities across the state, says hundreds of its members have been sickened by the virus and six have died.

The victims include a licensed practical nurse who immigrated from Haiti and lived in Milford, a dietary aide from Hartford who was born in Guyana and a certified nursing assistant from Jamaica who settled in Bloomfield. At least one nonunion nursing home employee has also died of COVID-19 complications.

It is impossible to say with certainty how these workers contracted the virus. But some say they lacked access to N95 masks and other protective equipment.

“We’re just crying out for help right now,” said Tanya Beckford, a certified nursing assistant at the Newington Rapid Recovery Rehab Center. “We didn’t have the proper gear ... we were wearing plastic bags that left our arms exposed.”

Beckford, who is 48 and lives in Manchester, contracted the virus in April and developed pneumonia. Six weeks later, she is fighting exhaustion.

“I get so upset when I hear the word ‘hero’ thrown around,” Beckford said. “They can keep that word, it means nothing to us. We are essential workers and we’re hurting right now."

Matthew Barrett, president and CEO of the Connecticut Association of Health Care Facilities, which represents nursing homes across the state, said allegations of a lack of protective equipment need to be vetted by state regulators.

“We also need to be mindful that guidance from public health officials is complicated and has changed as the highly contagious virus has become better understood, especially in terms of its asymptomatic transmission in and outside of nursing homes,” he said. “Accordingly, we have to keep an open mind that implementation of the government’s guidance can sometimes be misconstrued as violating rules when, in fact, it is really implementation of the rules. This can and should be sorted out in the independent review"

He added: "Connecticut nursing homes agree that an adequate supply of all PPE and its proper use is essential in terms of preventing the further spread of the virus and protecting health care workers.”

‘Always ready'


Miriam Chinwe Kwentoh, a registered nurse at The Willows nursing home in Woodbridge, was devoted and fearless, said her daughter Joy Kwentoh. She died of COVID-19 complications in April.

Miriam Chinwe Kwentoh, a registered nurse at The Willows, a 90-bed facility in Woodbridge, wasn’t afraid to treat patients coming down with the new virus.

“She was always ready to take on anything her job required,” said her daughter, Joy Kwentoh. “She was such a strong lady and she loved her job as a nurse.”

Miriam Kwentoh, 48, had trained in her native Nigeria. A single mother of four, she often worked back-to-back double shifts "just to put a roof over our heads,'' Joy Kwentoh said. “She did everything for us and she never complained one bit.”

For Miriam Kwentoh, nursing home work provided an entree to a “golden lifestyle,” her daughter said. Her skill and hard work paid off: She was able to buy a house in Meriden, a Lexus and other cars and pay her children’s college tuition.

A fashionista with a joyous laugh, she was close to her children, joining them for manicures and cooking them elaborate meals. She talked about opening up a restaurant one day. She was also devoted to her two young grandchildren, Prince and Promise Obodoechina.

In March, Miriam Kwentoh fell ill and wound up in the hospital on a ventilator. On April 16, she was removed from the ventilator — without her family’s consent, they said — and she died.

“She died a super hero, saving lives which she enjoyed doing,” her obituary stated.

'An old soul’


Cassondra Diaz worked as a bookkeeper at Chelsea Place Care Center in Hartford. She was described by her aunt as an "old soul" who had a special connection to the residents of the nursing home.

By April, many nursing home employees were working long hours as caseloads rose and some of their colleagues became ill.

For some, financial necessity played a role. Diaz enjoyed her job at Chelsea Place but she also needed it: Her husband, Sean Diaz, who worked in the service industry, had recently been laid off and she became the primary breadwinner.

She continued to report to work as the number of confirmed cases rose. Her family said she had been provided with adequate personal protective equipment by the nursing home’s management.

Diaz had started at the 234-bed care center in 2019 as a front desk clerk, checking in visitors. When the facility’s bookkeeper went out on maternity leave, she jumped at the opportunity to fill in. She held an associate’s degree in business and was ready for the challenge.

Even though she did not provide direct patient care, Cassondra Diaz forged a strong connection with residents of the facility.

"She was an old soul,” said her aunt, Mary Cristofaro. “She had an understanding of the complexities of people. She was a very compassionate person.”

Judy Konow, the administrator of Chelsea Place, described Diaz as “an extremely kind person” who “was always smiling and willing to help in any way she could.”

Cassondra Diaz comes from a large and close family. She had a tight bond with her younger cousins, hosting “beauty days" where she would style their hair and do their makeup. She also lavished attention on older relatives and was extremely close to her mom, Christine Olejarz.

On April 9, Cassondra Diaz was feeling unwell and left work early. She spent the night at The Hospital of Central Connecticut in New Britain, where she was treated for dehydration and sent home the following day without a coronavirus test.

For a time, her condition improved: She was even able to celebrate her first wedding anniversary with Sean on April 20.

A few days later, she had a telehealth appointment with her physician, who told her she had strep throat and prescribed an antibiotic. She was also given an order for a COVID-19 test.

On the morning of April 29, Cassondra Diaz woke up gasping for breath. Alarmed, her husband called 911.

The medics arrived and, slowly, she made her way down three flights of stairs and out of the house, where a gurney awaited in the driveway to take her to the hospital.

“She saw her husband and she said ‘I love you,’ and then she died,” Cristofaro said. “She passed right there in the driveway.”

The family believes she died of a blood clot, a COVID-19 complication. Her coronavirus test result came back on April 30: it was positive.


Daniela Altimari

Daniela Altimari covers state government and politics at The Courant.

With COVID-19 surging in Connecticut, health care workers at local hospitals feel the anxiety rising

After scouring the globe for PPE in the spring, the state of Connecticut recently found what it needed on Amazon
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SEIU

Nursing home workers on strike in fight for better wages, hazard pay, PPE; plan to continue picket line as long as it takes – WLS-TV
Uncategorized / By fiascojob

CHICAGO (WLS) — Some of the local nursing home workers went on strike early Monday morning.

City View Multicare Center in Cicero has had more than 200 COVID-19 cases and 15 deaths according to the Illinois Department of Public Health. Workers have said that they do not feel safe.

“I’m hoping we come to an agreement so we can go back to work and take care of our residents because they’re used to who they’re used to,” said Sade Drake, City View Multicare Center worker.

“We feel like we’re heroes and we want to be treated like heroes. We’re living below the poverty level,” said Shantonia Jackson, certified nursing assistant.

Nearly 700 essential nursing home workers walked off the job at 11 Infinity Health-owned facilities in the Greater Chicago area. They have been without a contract since June.

Nursing assistants, dietary aides and housekeepers in part, have demanded at least a $15 an hour wage, hazard pay for all employees and a sufficient supply of personal protective equipment.

“Hazard pay is not a lot to ask. These people are putting their lives on the line. So I don’t think you can separate the demands. I think that they are all equally justifiable in the situation we’re currently experiencing,” said Erica Bland-Durosinmi, Executive Vice President Executive Healthcare Illinois.

Jackson helps patients there with daily care like bathing and eating, and fears she’ll be the next to contract the virus.

“We get masks that as soon as you put the string on your face, it pops. We don’t get N-95 masks, and that’s what we really need,” she said.

The union said many of their patients support them.

“Family members have been on press conferences with us. They fully support this fight because they wanna make sure their loved ones are receiving the care they deserve,” said Bland-Durosinmi.

Infinity Health has not responded to request for comment.

Workers said they are prepared to strike as long as it takes for better pay and greater protections from COVID-19. They will be back at the picket line Tuesday morning at 6 a.m.


Copyright © 2020 WLS-TV. All Rights Reserved.

Sorgente articolo:
Nursing home workers on strike in fight for better wages, hazard pay, PPE; plan to continue picket line as long as it takes – WLS-TV


Workers go on strike at 11 nursing homes in Illinois, demanding higher wages and COVID-19 pandemic hazard pay

Nov 23, 2020


Nearly 700 nursing home workers went on strike Monday at 11 facilities in Illinois, seeking higher pay and greater protections from the COVID pandemic.

Certified nursing assistants, aides, housekeepers and other workers went on strike at 6 a.m. after failing to reach a contract agreement with the owner of Infinity Healthcare Management of Illinois.

The members of SEIU Healthcare Illinois and Indiana said they were seeking pay of $15.50 an hour for CNAs, and about $15 an hour for housekeepers and other workers, and hazard pay as essential workers during the pandemic. They say it’s similar to terms other workers in the state got after a nursing home strike earlier this year by about 10,000 workers at 100 nursing homes.

Infinity received nearly $13 million in federal aid through the CARES Act this year, and is seeking more, according to the union, part of the Service Employees International Union.

Infinity did not answer repeated phone calls or respond to repeated requests for comment. Nursing home industry officials have said repeatedly that they are hampered by low Medicaid payments, and need public financial aid, protective equipment and testing to get through the coronavirus pandemic.

Illinois lawmakers last year increased Medicaid funding for nursing homes by up to $240 million, and $70 million of that was meant to address staffing needs.

Most of the 11 homes that would be affected by a strike are in the Chicago area. They include City View Multicare Center in Cicero, which had 249 coronavirus cases, and Niles Nursing & Rehabilitation in Niles, which had 54 COVID-related deaths, both among the most at any long-term care facility in the state.

The other homes are Ambassador Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, Continental Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, Lakeview Rehabilitation & Nursing Center, Southpoint Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, all in Chicago, and Oak Lawn Respiratory & Rehabilitation Center, Forest View Rehabilitation in Itasca, Parker Nursing & Rehabilitation Center in Streator, West Suburban Nursing & Rehabilitation in Bloomingdale and Momence Meadows Nursing & Rehabilitation Center.

Most of the workers are Black or Hispanic women. Typically, managers and contract workers attempt to replace the striking nursing home workers. Even with all their employees, nursing homes have chronically been accused of not having enough staff members, and administrators have said it’s especially hard to find enough workers during the pandemic, when some are sick or afraid to work.


Nearly 700 nursing home workers walk off job, begin strike in fight for better wages, hazard pay, PPE


Nursing assistants, dietary aides and housekeepers are among those demanding better pay and protection.

CHICAGO (WLS) -- Some of the local nursing home workers went on strike early Monday morning.

City View Multicare Center in Cicero has had more than 200 COVID-19 cases and 15 deaths according to the Illinois Department of Public Health. Workers have said that they do not feel safe.

"I'm hoping we come to an agreement so we can go back to work and take care of our residents because they're used to who they're used to," said Sade Drake, City View Multicare Center worker.

"We feel like we're heroes and we want to be treated like heroes. We're living below the poverty level," said Shantonia Jackson, certified nursing assistant.

Nearly 700 essential nursing home workers walked off the job at 11 Infinity Health-owned facilities in the Greater Chicago area. They have been without a contract since June.

Nursing assistants, dietary aides and housekeepers in part, have demanded at least a $15 an hour wage, hazard pay for all employees and a sufficient supply of personal protective equipment.

"Hazard pay is not a lot to ask. These people are putting their lives on the line. So I don't think you can separate the demands. I think that they are all equally justifiable in the situation we're currently experiencing," said Erica Bland-Durosinmi, Executive Vice President Executive Healthcare Illinois.

Jackson helps patients there with daily care like bathing and eating, and fears she'll be the next to contract the virus.



"We get masks that as soon as you put the string on your face, it pops. We don't get N-95 masks, and that's what we really need," she said.

The union said many of their patients support them.

"Family members have been on press conferences with us. They fully support this fight because they wanna make sure their loved ones are receiving the care they deserve," said Bland-Durosinmi.

Infinity Health has not responded to request for comment.

Workers said they are prepared to strike as long as it takes for better pay and greater protections from COVID-19. They will be back at the picket line Tuesday morning at 6 a.m.


Workers go on strike at 11 nursing homes in Illinois, demanding higher wages and COVID-19 pandemic hazard pay

By ROBERT MCCOPPIN
CHICAGO TRIBUNE 
NOV 23, 2020 


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Dwayne Knox left, pickets with SEIU Healthcare Illinois workers at Oak Lawn Respiratory and Rehabilitation Center in Oak Lawn on Nov. 23, 2020. (Zbigniew Bzdak / Chicago Tribune)


Nearly 700 nursing home workers went on strike Monday at 11 facilities in Illinois, seeking higher pay and greater protections from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Certified nursing assistants (CNAs), aides, housekeepers and other workers went on strike at 6 a.m. after failing to reach a contract agreement with the owner of Infinity Healthcare Management of Illinois.

The members of SEIU Healthcare Illinois and Indiana said they were seeking pay of $15.50 an hour for CNAs, and about $15 an hour for housekeepers and other workers, and hazard pay as essential workers during the pandemic. They say it’s similar to terms other workers in the state got after a nursing home strike earlier this year by about 10,000 workers at 100 nursing homes.

Infinity received nearly $13 million in federal coronavirus relief aid this year and is seeking more, according to the union, part of the Service Employees International Union.


Infinity did not answer repeated phone calls or respond to repeated requests for comment. Nursing home industry officials have said repeatedly that they are hampered by low Medicaid payments, and need public financial aid, protective equipment and testing to get through the coronavirus pandemic.

Illinois lawmakers last year increased Medicaid funding for nursing homes by up to $240 million, and $70 million of that was meant to address staffing needs.

Most of the 11 homes that would be affected by a strike are in the Chicago area. They include City View Multicare Center in Cicero, which had 249 coronavirus cases, and Niles Nursing & Rehabilitation in Niles, which had 54 COVID-19-related deaths, both among the most at any long-term care facility in the state.

The other homes are Ambassador Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, Continental Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, Lakeview Rehabilitation & Nursing Center, Southpoint Nursing & Rehabilitation Center, all in Chicago, and Oak Lawn Respiratory & Rehabilitation Center, Forest View Rehabilitation in Itasca, Parker Nursing & Rehabilitation Center in Streator, West Suburban Nursing & Rehabilitation in Bloomingdale and Momence Meadows Nursing & Rehabilitation Center.


Most of the workers are Black or Hispanic women. Typically, managers and contract workers attempt to replace the striking nursing home workers. Even with all their employees, nursing homes have chronically been accused of not having enough staff members, and administrators have said it’s especially hard to find enough workers during the pandemic, when some are sick or afraid to work.


About two-thirds of Infinity workers said they had to work a second job to make ends meet, which increases the risk of exposure to COVID-19, while some workers left for higher pay elsewhere, leaving the homes short-staffed, union officials said. They said testing for COVID-19 at Infinity is inconsistent with slow results.

“We are striking for our lives, to protect ourselves and our families and to stand up for our residents,” CNA Shantonia Jackson said at news conference on the picket line in Cicero.

A strike was averted in May when the Illinois Association of Health Care Facilities granted pay raises and $2 an hour hazard pay to about 10,000 SEIU workers at more than 100 homes.

AARP was not involved in these disputes, but AARP Illinois State Director Bob Gallo said his organization was saddened that vulnerable nursing home residents are caught up in a dispute that threatens their safety during the pandemic.

“As an organization dedicated to advocating on behalf of older adults and their families,” Gallo said, “AARP hopes a quick resolution can be found that prioritizes the quality of life, health and safety of nursing home residents and the nursing home staff at a time when they need us the most.”

Chicago nursing home workers launch strike against poverty wages, lack of protection from COVID-19

Alexander Fangmann WSWS
24 November 2020


Nearly 700 nursing home workers went on strike Monday morning at 11 of 13 facilities operated by Illinois-based Infinity Healthcare Management, predominantly located in the Chicago metropolitan region. The workers, who include certified nursing assistants (CNAs) as well as those doing crucial laundry and housekeeping, are demanding an increase to their wages, as well as hazard pay in recognition of the dangerous conditions prevailing in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities (LTCFs) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Workers are also demanding adequate personal protective equipment and improved staffing, with many overstretched workloads substantially worsened as nursing home staff themselves fall ill or have to quarantine.
Infinity Health Care workers at Niles Nursing & Rehabilitation (Credit: WSWS)

Workers who spoke to the World Socialist Web Site said they are currently paid around $13 per hour and are demanding raises of about $2 per hour. This would bring CNAs up to a starting pay of $15.50 across the state, still a poverty wage and barely above Chicago’s minimum, which is set to rise to $15 in 2021. Pay for non-CNA workers would rise to $14.50 outside of Chicago and $15 at facilities located in Chicago.

According to the SEIU Healthcare Illinois-Indiana union, Infinity management has refused to bring worker pay in line with the paltry increases the union negotiated earlier at 100 facilities with about 10,000 workers. In a conference call with workers Sunday, Shaba Andrich, the union’s vice president for nursing homes, said that Infinity is offering only a $15.15 starting wage for new CNAs, a $0.25 per hour raise for those making above that, and a yearly raise of only $0.10 per hour.

Striking workers should take warning: While posturing as fighting for low-wage workers, the SEIU has over many years perfected the art of negotiating sellout contracts for its highly exploited members, tamping down worker militancy and enforcing management’s demands. In order to conduct a real fight to secure both their needs and those they care for, striking workers should take the struggle out of the hands of SEIU and move to elect rank-and-file strike committees, democratically controlled by workers themselves.

Conditions in long-term care facilities, which were often grim even before the pandemic, have become truly horrific. Half of those who have died from COVID-19 in Illinois, 5,782, were residents at LCTFs. According to figures from the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) website, there have been at least 181 COVID-19-related deaths at Infinity’s 13 facilities, and at least 1,401 positive cases. Nine of the facilities are listed as having currently open outbreaks.

One facility in particular, Niles Nursing and Rehabilitation, accounted for 54 deaths, more than any other LTCF in Illinois, and workers said at least 30 staff members contracted COVID-19. Another, the City View Multicare Center in the Chicago suburb of Cicero, registered 249 cases and 15 deaths. One of two Infinity facilities not on strike, Belhaven Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, has an open outbreak with 101 cases and nine deaths so far.

Despite the well-known and life-threatening danger to both staff and residents, workers at Infinity are not provided with adequate PPE, with one worker, Jackie Abdulebdeh, telling the Chicago Sun-Times she is only given one mask per workday.

Workers are angry that Infinity received $12.7 million in federal aid through the CARES Act and is looking for more, even as it forces workers to live in poverty and does the bare minimum to protect them from COVID-19.

Clear data on deaths among nursing home workers has been difficult to determine, similar to the situation in virtually every other work sector, with the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) under Trump refusing to maintain any central figures or do anything to protect workers. According to a CNN report from July 23, one government estimate put the figure at “more than 600 workers at around 400 facilities.” In all likelihood this is a vast undercount of the deadly toll the virus is taking on workers.

Even with the dire conditions at these facilities and the evident militancy of many workers in fighting not only for themselves but for better conditions for their residents, SEIU’s conference call with its members Sunday indicated many were skeptical about whether undertaking a strike led by the union is worth the lost pay, and whether they will be protected by SEIU if they are singled out by the company. Workers will receive just $50 per day in strike pay, even less per hour than they currently make, and only if they show up for four hours of picketing.

SEIU’s Andrich repeated the union’s mantra, “It would have been better to get a contract without a strike,” evidently wishing that Infinity had just gone along with the deal SEIU worked out in May with the Illinois Association of Health Care Facilities (IAHCF). In that struggle, despite having secured a strike vote by a wide margin, SEIU rammed through a contract that left workers without adequate PPE and with base wages that would not allow them to afford a one-bedroom apartment. The agreement provided for only $2 per hour in COVID-19 hazard pay and just five extra sick days for workers who contract the disease.

As anger has mounted among health care and other low-wage workers in the face of intolerable and life-threatening working conditions, SEIU has worked to sabotage one struggle after another in recent months. In June, SEIU Local 1000 agreed to an over 11 percent pay cut for 96,000 state government workers in California, including nurses. In the Twin Cities, SEIU Healthcare Minnesota canceled a two-day strike in September at Allina Health after being threatened with legal action, and in October SEIU ended a five-day strike at Alameda Health System without a contract.

Closely tied to the Democratic Party, the SEIU has promoted the lie that Democrats are fighting on workers’ behalf, with Andrich even claiming that Illinois’ billionaire Governor J.B. Pritzker and other politicians are “with us.” The reality is that Pritzker has enforced the demands of the corporations to continue production at non-essential manufacturing facilities during the pandemic just as much as his Republican counterparts in other states, with the result that industrial work sites have been the source of roughly 30 percent of Illinois’ COVID-19 outbreaks.

Moreover, it should be recalled that Illinois’ last Democratic governor, Pat Quinn, pushed through $1.6 billion in cuts to Medicaid in 2012, further starving resources for health care for the state’s poorest.

In order to prevent this strike from being shut down and ending in a sellout contract, nursing home workers should follow the lead of autoworkers and teachers and form rank-and-file safety committees, independent of SEIU, in order to wage a fight for decent pay, safe and humane working conditions, and the resources necessary to provide dignified care to the elderly and those with long-term needs. Such a committee should raise the following demands:

Adequate PPE and staffing levels in all long-term care homes across the state of Illinois, overseen by rank-and-file safety committees working with trusted medical experts

A doubling of base wages and substantial hazard pay for all health care workers

Fully paid sick leave with no penalties or restrictions during the pandemic and free health care for all workers

A massive infusion of resources, not into the bank accounts of the nursing home companies and investors but toward meeting the needs of the workers and the elderly.


Infinity Healthcare, like much of the LTCF industry, reaps its profits at the expense of the lives and health of its workers and residents. The utter disaster playing out in these facilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic only underscores the failure of the capitalist profit system. The Socialist Equality Party (SEP) calls for the trillions of dollars handed over to the giant banks and corporations to be redistributed in order to fund free, universal health care, and for the health system to be placed under democratic, public control, run to meet social need, not private profit.

The SEP and WSWS will do everything possible to assist Infinity workers in the organization of rank-and-file committees and formation of connections with other sections of workers—in health care, auto manufacturing, public education, logistics and elsewhere—to launch a common struggle for workers’ rights. We urge nursing home workers to contact us today.

The influence of empowered work environments on the psychological experiences of nursing assistants during COVID-19: a qualitative study
Jasmine L. Travers,
Krista Schroeder,
Allison A. Norful &
Sainfer Aliyu

BMC Nursing volume 19, Article number: 98 (2020) 
Cite this article
Abstract

Background

Nursing Assistants (NA) who feel empowered tend to perform their duties better, have higher morale and job satisfaction, and are less likely to leave their jobs. Organizational empowerment practices in hospitals likely shape the psychological experiences of empowerment among these personnel; however, little is known about this relationship.
Objective

We used qualitative inquiry to explore the relationship between organizational empowerment structural components and feelings of psychological empowerment among hospital frontline workers during a public health emergency.

Methods

Kanter’s Theory of Structural Empowerment and Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace Framework were applied to identify the conceptual influences of organizational practices on psychological experiences of empowerment. In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of NAs, caring for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Directed content analysis was performed to generate a data matrix consisting of the psychological experiences of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact embedded under the organizational structural components of information, resources, support, and opportunity.

Results

Thirteen NAs (mean age = 42 years, 92% female) completed interviews. Information, or lack thereof, provided to the NAs influenced feelings of fear, preparation, and autonomy. Resources (e.g., protocols, equipment, and person-power) made it easier to cope with overwhelming emotions, affected the NAs’ abilities to do their jobs, and when limited, drove NAs to take on new roles. NAs noted that support was mostly provided by nurses and made the NAs feel appreciated, desiring to contribute more. While NAs felt they could consult leadership when needed, several felt leadership showed little appreciation for their roles and contributions. Similar to support, the opportunity to take care of COVID-19 patients yielded a diverse array of emotions, exposed advances and gaps in NA preparation, and challenged NAs to autonomously develop new care practices and processes.

Conclusion

Management and empowerment of healthcare workers are critical to hospital performance and success. We found many ways in which the NAs’ psychological experiences of empowerment were shaped by the healthcare system’s empowerment-related structural conditions during a public health emergency. To further develop an empowered and committed critical workforce, hospitals must acknowledge the organizational practice influence on the psychological experiences of empowerment among NAs

FULL TEXT

The influence of empowered work environments on the psychological experiences of nursing assistants during COVID-19: a qualitative study | BMC Nursing | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)


Pandemic exposes low pay and scant protections for nursing assistants and home-care aides


By ROWAN MOORE GERETY
APRIL 4, 202012:44 PM

When she heard friends working at Lowe’s were in line for $300 hazard-pay bonuses, Allanah Smit wondered why her employer, Memorial Hospital in Gulfport, Miss., had no such plans. “Healthcare workers deserve hazard pay too,” she declared on Twitter. “Yes, we chose this profession, but we didn’t sign up to fight a global pandemic with ONE N-95 respirator and improper PPE.”

As a certified nursing assistant, Smit makes just over $14 an hour to bathe, feed, and reposition patients recovering from car accidents, strokes, and major surgeries like hip replacements. When elective surgeries were suspended last week as the coronavirus spread from hot spots such as New Orleans, Smit began caring for patients with symptoms of COVID-19.

As the healthcare system braces for the full impact of the pandemic, the shortage of doctors and nurses in epicenters like New York has gotten massive attention.

Less scrutiny has been paid to home health aides, personal care aides and certified nursing assistants — who collectively represent the largest category of healthcare workers in the country, nearly 5 million people working across a fragmented landscape that includes teaching hospitals and nursing homes, as well as homes and apartments. These are jobs that do not require an associate’s degree.

Even in hospitals, where wages are higher and full-time employment is the norm, these workers are typically paid less than $15 an hour. The pandemic has highlighted the low pay, lack of equipment and scant job security for these workers.

Emersen Peco, a certified nursing assistant at Sarasota Memorial Hospital in central Florida, has begun caring for overflow COVID-19 patients and “rule-outs” — patients awaiting test results — from other parts of the hospital.

But unlike salaried employees, she is not eligible for paid time off unless she shows symptoms and tests positive for COVID-19, and she has access only to paper surgical masks instead of N95 masks. Last week, Peco said, she and her colleagues were alarmed when a patient who had tested positive for COVID-19 wandered into the hallway without personal protective equipment.


“It’s hard to be confident in your job and patient care when you don’t have the protection you need,” she said. She says the hospital isn’t offering tests because “if we test positive they’re scared they’ll lose the healthcare workers.”

A hospital spokesperson, Kim Savage, says Sarasota Memorial hasd followed CDC guidance for use of personal protective equipment during a shortage, and that the hospital has begun offering paid leave to employees who get sick from COVID-19.

The risk of infection is often greater outside hospitals — at home health agencies and long-term-care facilities, where fewer workers have health benefits or paid leave.

“They feel compelled to go to work,” said Barbara Meinke, a nursing professor emerita at McHenry County Community College in Illinois. “These are the folks who can least afford not to go work — they may be tempted to go to work when they’re not feeling well, and they may be unfortunately the ones who spread the virus.”

Now, with hospitalizations increasing rapidly around the country, direct-care workers are expected to be a vital part of building up the capacity of a strained health system. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar recently urged governors to waive restrictions on licensing, scope of practice, and certification “so that healthcare workers can be deployed as needed.”

Daniel Bustillo, director of the Healthcare Career Advancement Program, a Service Employees International Union training program that serves a million healthcare workers, said those changes would lead to greater demand. “There’s no way we’re going to be able to support the level of care needed without expanding the workforce that can help,” he said.

Rebecca Hanson, who runs training programs for SEIU members in California and other Western states, said the union was rushing to introduce online modules so certified nursing assistants could be trained to perform tasks that might usually be reserved for nurses — such as screening patients for symptoms — and on the proper use of personal protective equipment, or PPE.

Many healthcare facilities have already scaled back employees’ hours or laid off workers in response to the cancellation of routine medical procedures. Hospitals have rearranged staffing patterns to minimize the number of staff at risk of infection. But as hospitals gear up for a surge in COVID-19 cases, adding additional bed space however they can, Hanson anticipates “a kind of domino effect,” whereby nurses move to more acute care settings and nursing assistants take on greater responsibility in screening and caring for patients.


At Stony Brook University Hospital, on New York’s Long Island, strict measures to minimize infection and conserve scarce PPE have been in place for weeks. Tamethiea Bradley, an anesthesia technician, now spends her shifts as a runner, ferrying IV drips, thermometer probes, and other supplies and equipment back and forth to nurses, doctors and respiratory therapists working with COVID-19 patients on the other side of a closed door.

Patient care technicians only enter the rooms of COVID-19 patients under urgent circumstances — for example, a sudden blood pressure drop or cardiac arrest. The limits on the workers who can enter those wards, and the need to wear full-body protective gear, have only made the work more intense.

“You do everything for them, from cleaning them, to bathing them, to turning them every two hours to make sure their lungs don’t collapse,” she said. “There’s no way you can’t be in the room.”

MORE ON CORONAVIRUS’ ECONOMIC IMPACT



Several colleagues have gotten sores on their faces from the pressure of wearing a tight N95 respirator for an entire shift at a time, Bradley said.
Jasmine Travers, a postdoctoral fellow at Yale’s medical school, says the coronavirus crisis appears to be spurring closer communication between patient care techs and the hospital nurses they work with.

“That’s what the PCTs are saying — nurses are checking in with them often, making sure they have what they need,” Travers said. “This collaborative relationship has emerged between the nurses and the nursing assistants that wasn’t there previously.”

Gabriel Montoya, an emergency room technician at Kaiser Permanente Hospital in Downey, credits his workplace with including all staff in huddles at the start of each shift “so they can get the information about changes to PPE or the daily workflow.”


Federal guidance on PPE has fluctuated seemingly by the day, causing anxiety for the workers. “Workers believe the CDC’s making recommendations based on supply availability, and not the science behind protecting us from this disease,” Montoya said.

Stony Brook has struggled, at times, to provide staff with clear instructions on the use and reuse of PPE — at one point they advised workers, incorrectly, to store used N95 respirators in plastic bags between uses. That instruction was amended to breathable paper bags only 10 days later, after Bradley and her colleagues made calls to the manufacturer and the state health department to learn for themselves. The hospital didn’t respond to a request for comment.

As a public hospital with a unionized workforce, Stony Brook’s direct-care workers tend to have better pay and benefits than many of their counterparts, but Bradley said many CNAs still felt “underpaid and under-appreciated.”

She is responding by showing appreciation for all her colleagues, including those not involved in patient care.

“I said it to a housekeeper the other day: ‘Thank you so much for being here. You’re on the front lines because if you weren’t here, we’d be getting shut down because the hospital isn’t clean,’” Bradley said.

Moore Gerety is a special 
correspondent
In hospitals, housekeepers are truly the ‘keepers of the house’

By NEIL PROSE and RAY BARFIELD
STAT - Reporting from the frontiers of health and medicine (statnews.com)
FEBRUARY 5, 2020
ALEX HOGAN/STAT

Malcolm cleans patient rooms and offices in the large medical center where we both work as pediatric doctors.

After finishing our respective rounds one afternoon, we noticed that Malcolm was deep in conversation with the parents of one of our very sick patients. We met him later in the hall, and the three of us began to talk. After Malcolm told us a bit about the concerns of our patient’s family, he mentioned the ways he often supports and cares for the children being treated on our ward.

“I don’t call myself a housekeeper,” said Malcolm, who has been with the hospital for 10 years. “I am the keeper of the house.”


Malcolm’s description of what he does knocked us back on our heels. It made us realize that we pass dozens of housekeepers in the corridors and elevators every day and — like most other physicians — pay little attention to what they really do and had little appreciation of their contributions to patient care.

Caring for the caregiver in the emergency department

Our blindness to the important work they do every day led us to organize a focus group to learn more about it. From that grew a film project that documented the ways hospital housekeepers participate in patient care. Throughout this process, we quickly realized that they often interact with patients more than physicians do, and they do so with great compassion.

Lorna, originally from Jamaica, told us she enjoys singing with patients — Bob Marley’s “Three Little Birds” with the catchphrase “don’t worry about a thing” being her favorite.

Rosetta, who had worked at our hospital for more than 20 years, found a way to provide meal tickets for a visiting family who couldn’t afford food.

Barbara, with the OK from a nurse, shared with a patient the collard greens and fried cornbread she had brought to work for a hospital potluck.

La Shara encouraged a frightened young woman to have much-needed heart surgery.

Maybelline maintained a friendship with a patient long after her hospital discharge.

Gladys used her native Spanish to communicate with first-time mothers, and often gave them encouragement and informal advice about breastfeeding.

We also heard stories that were less encouraging. One housekeeper told us that a patient she had come to know well during his hospital stay had taken a turn for the worse and died, and no one bothered to inform her of his passing.

Another housekeeper talked about a doctor who repeatedly refused to move out of the way when she was maneuvering her heavy cleaning cart down the crowded corridor, reinforcing to her that housekeepers are invisible to doctors and nurses.

Where we work, housekeepers clean 36 rooms a day. Their work is vital to the prevention of serious infections and to the efficient running of the hospital. It’s clear they also play an important role in the care of patients.

“Interprofessional cooperation” and “teamwork” are among the newest buzzwords in modern hospital medicine. Doctors are consistently reminded that clear, respectful communication with their teams is essential for patient safety and quality of care. But we’ve often been blind to the fact that housekeepers are an essential part of that team.

Jane Dutton, a professor of psychology at University of Michigan, worked with colleagues to research the ways in which hospital housekeepers feel valued or devalued by the actions of doctors and nurses. Through 29 interviews with workers, she and her team found that doctors and nurses frequently undermined housekeepers’ sense of value and well-being by ignoring them or by acting in ways that made their work more difficult.

When we premiered our film at an international conference, a Swiss physician mentioned that the director of the burn unit in her hospital routinely included the housekeeper in morning rounds. The housekeeper provided useful information about the patients with whom she interacted, which contributed to her sense of feeling respected and valued for her work.

In one interview for our film, Lorna says that the emotional toll of working with sick and dying patients is very high, and she is able to continue only because of the support she receives from the nurses and other members of the team. But how often do clinicians provide that much-needed support?

No matter where you work, you are a member of one or more teams that are larger than you imagine. Doctors like us — and our health care institutions — need to give keepers of the house, along with food service workers, patient transporters, and other “invisible” workers the respect they have long deserved.

Neil Prose, M.D., is a professor of dermatology, pediatrics, and global health at Duke University School of Medicine and co-director of Duke’s Health Humanities Lab. Ray Barfield, M.D., is a professor of pediatrics and Christian philosophy and director of medical humanities at Duke’s Trent Center for Bioethics, Humanities, and History of Medicine. The 15-minute documentary “Keepers of the House” was designed to be incorporated into an interprofessional curriculum for doctors, nurses, and other health care providers.


REPORT

Essential but undervalued: Millions of health care workers aren’t getting the pay or respect they deserve in the COVID-19 pandemic


INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic has inspired an outpouring of public appreciation for the country’s frontline heroes, from television ads to firefighter salutes to essential worker toys. But while doctors and nurses deserve our praise, they are not the only ones risking their lives during the pandemic—in fact, they represent less than 20% of all essential health workers.

Too often, we overlook the heroism and dignity of millions of low-paid, undervalued, and essential health workers like Sabrina Hopps, a 46-year-old housekeeping aide in an acute nursing facility in Washington, D.C.

“If we don’t clean the rooms correctly, the pandemic will get worse,” said Hopps. She cares deeply about the patients she works with, and knows that the value of her job goes well beyond cleaning. “It’s me and the other housekeepers who sit and talk with [patients] to brighten up their day, because they can’t have family members visiting.”

Despite her contributions, she doesn’t feel recognized. “Housekeeping has never been respected,” she told me recently. “When you think about health care work, the first people you think about are the doctors and the nurses. They don’t think about housekeeping, maintenance, dietary, nursing assistants, patient care techs, and administration.”



Hopps is one of millions of low-wage essential health workers on the COVID-19 front lines. Like the higher-paid doctors and nurses they work alongside, these essential workers are risking their lives during the pandemic—but with far less prestige and recognition, very low pay, and less access to the protective equipment that could save their lives. They are nursing assistants, phlebotomists, home health aides, housekeepers, medical assistants, cooks, and more. The vast majority of these workers are women, and they are disproportionately people of color. Median pay is just $13.48 an hour.

Over the last several weeks, I interviewed nearly a dozen low-wage health workers on the front lines of COVID-19. (You can read their stories here.) Despite being declared “essential,” the workers I interviewed described feeling overlooked and deprioritized, even expendable. They spoke with pride about their work, but few felt respected, even as they put their lives on the line. Many expressed frustration—and sometimes anger—over their lack of life-saving protective equipment.

It is long past time that these workers are treated as truly essential. This starts with simply recognizing the value of workers like Hopps—but we can and must do more. The policy recommendations in this report aim to keep these workers safe on the job, compensate them with a living wage, support them if they fall ill, and give them the respect and appreciation they deserve.


UNDERPAID, UNDERVALUED, AND ESSENTIAL

The underpaid but essential health care workforce in America comprises nearly 7 million people in low-paid health jobs in these three categories:

Health care support workers assist health care providers such as doctors and nurses in providing patient care. Roles include orderlies, medical assistants, phlebotomists, and pharmacy aides.

Direct care workers such as home health workers, nursing assistants, and personal care aides provide care to individuals with physical, cognitive, or other needs.

Health care service workers include housekeepers, janitors, and food preparation and serving workers employed in health care settings such as hospitals and nursing homes.

More people are employed in health care support, service, and direct care jobs than in all health care practitioner and technician jobs (doctors, nurses, EMTs, lab technicians, etc.). In fact, more people work in hospitals as housekeepers and janitors—like Sabrina Hopps—than as physicians and surgeons. The size of this low-wage health workforce exceeds the size of most other occupational groups of essential workers. It employs more people than the entire transportation and warehousing industry and more than twice as many people as the grocery industry.

Median wages in health care support, service, and direct care jobs were just $13.48 an hour in 2019—well short of a living wage and far lower than the median pay of doctors (over $100 per hour) and nurses ($35.17 per hour). Home health and personal care workers earn even less, with a median hourly wage of only $11.57. The wages are so low that nearly 20% of care workers live in poverty and more than 40% rely on some form of public assistance. These fields are some of the fastest-growing of all occupations, with more than a million new jobs projected by 2028.



Molly Kinder
David M. Rubenstein Fellow - Metropolitan Policy Program
Douglas Stuart hopes Booker win helps 
working-class writers

© Provided by The Canadian Press

LONDON — Fittingly in this year of work-from-home and lockdowns, Douglas Stuart’s life-changing moment came to him on his sofa.

The Scottish writer was at home in Manhattan when he was announced as the winner of the 2020 Booker Prize last week. Stuart won the 50,000-pound ($66,000) literary award for “Shuggie Bain,” the powerful story of a boy coming of age with an alcoholic mother in poverty-scarred 1980s Glasgow. It’s an astonishing feat for a first novel that took a decade to write and was rejected by 32 publishers before finding a home.

“I had a bit of a dance around the kitchen -- that’s about as much as you can celebrate in 2020,” Stuart told the Associated Press in a Zoom interview from — where else? — his sofa.

Stuart, 44, knows that the Booker can transform careers, bringing a major boost to an author’s sales and profile. Just ask previous winners like Bernardine Evaristo or Hilary Mantel, transformed from critically respected, commercially middleweight novelists to the top of bestseller charts.

He hopes it will help open up publishing to new voices, especially writers from working-class backgrounds. Glasgow-born Stuart is only the second Scottish Booker winner in the 51-year history of the prize, open to English-language novels from around the world. He grew up, like his central character, in a poor home on a Glasgow housing project with a mother who struggled with addiction.

The novel centres on Shuggie, a sensitive boy in a hardscrabble world, and his mother Agnes, trying to stop her dreams disintegrating during the grim 1980s, when Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s free-market economic policies hastened Glasgow’s industrial decline.

Stuart thinks it’s important — and overdue — that a working-class writer has won the Booker Prize. He said that in his childhood “books were never seen as ‘for people like us’ because they never contained people like us.”

“The thing that’s defining about ‘Shuggie Bain’ is it’s a working-class family who are slipping through the fabric of society, and we don’t often get to hear those kinds of voices,” Stuart said in a gentle Scottish burr.

“It’s good to have Scottish voices have a moment of support, and it’s great to see queer writers also," said Stuart, who lives in New York with his American husband. "So I’m hoping that it not only changes my life but it helps a lot of other people.”

Stuart dedicated the book to his own mother, who died from alcoholism when he was 16. He says it was important to him to give a truthful depiction of addiction.

“Sometimes when I read about addiction, it’s a big capital A and the addiction is almost the person’s personality or what they are,” he said. “And I never knew that to be true."

“I write about it as someone who’s gone through it and who has loved someone who is lost. And I knew when I was writing the book that I wanted Agnes to be as round a person as possible. She doesn’t have to be nice. She doesn’t have to always do the right thing. But, you know, she’s a mother, a lover, a friend, an enemy. She is lots of things.”

Stuart has won critical praise for the way he looks at addiction, poverty and dashed dreams unflinchingly, but with tenderness and humour. Publisher and editor Margaret Busby, who chaired the Booker judging panel, said the book’s emotional range and ability to convey “compassion without pity” made it likely to become a classic.

Stuart’s own route out of poverty came through fashion rather than writing. He studied textile design at college, moved to New York and forged a successful career in fashion with firms including Banana Republic. He began writing “Shuggie Bain” in 2008, driven by what he calls a “compulsion,” not admitting even to himself that he was working on a novel.

“I truly wrote it for the characters, not knowing it would ever be a published book,” he said. “Part of the reason why it took 10 years is because I didn’t want to let them go. I found such an immense comfort and joy in writing and in creating these worlds.”

The novel was repeatedly turned down by publishers who said they liked it, but didn’t know “how to explain Glasgow in the 80s and Thatcherism to the American public.”

They needn’t have worried. Already the top seller in the U.K. among the six Booker finalists, “Shuggie Bain” was a National Book Awards finalist in the U.S. and features on many best-of-the-year lists. Stuart has quit his day job to become a full-time writer, and has already finished his second novel, a “conflicted queer love story set in 1990s Glasgow.”

He’s delighted with the way the book has been embraced in his native land. Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon sent him a congratulatory message minutes after his Booker win.

“But one of the greatest things about publishing the book and connecting with readers is people from New Zealand and India and Detroit have come out and shared with me similar stories,” he said.

“And as we live in a society that is polarizing more between the haves -- who don’t want to hand back to the have nots -- and the have nots, who are being left behind, ‘Shuggie’ is not actually even a historical novel, either.”

Jill Lawless, The Associated Press
Pope book backs George Floyd protests, blasts virus skeptics 

ROME — Pope Francis is supporting demands for racial justice in the wake of the U.S. police killing of George Floyd and is blasting COVID-19 skeptics and media organizations that spread their conspiracies in a new book penned during the Vatican’s coronavirus lockdown.
© Provided by The Canadian Press

In “Let Us Dream,” Francis also criticizes populist politicians who whip up rallies in ways reminiscent of the 1930s, and the hypocrisy of “rigid” conservative Catholics who support them. But he also criticizes the forceful downing of historic statues during protests for racial equality this year as a misguided attempt to “purify the past.”

The 150-page book, due out Dec. 1, was ghost-written by Francis’ English-language biographer, Austen Ivereigh, and at times the prose and emphasis seems almost more Ivereigh’s than Francis.’ That's somewhat intentional — Ivereigh said Monday he hopes a more colloquial English-speaking pope will resonate with English-speaking readers and believers.

At its core, “Let Us Dream” aims to outline Francis’ vision of a more economically and environmentally just post-coronavirus world where the poor, the elderly and weak aren’t left on the margins and the wealthy aren’t consumed only with profits.

But it also offers new personal insights into the 83-year-old Argentine pope and his sense of humour.

At one point, Francis reveals that after he offered in 2012 to retire as archbishop of Buenos Aires when he turned 75, he planned to finally finish the thesis he never completed on the 20th-century German intellectual, Romano Guardini.

“But in March 2013, I was transferred to another diocese,” he deadpans. Francis was elected pope, and bishop of Rome, on March 13, 2013.

The publisher said the book was the first written by a pope during a major world crisis and Ivereigh said it was done as a response to the coronavirus and the lockdown. For Francis, the pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to imagine and plan for a more socially just world.

At times, it seems he is directing that message squarely at the United States, as Donald Trump's administration winds down four years of “America first” policies that excluded migrants from Muslim countries and diminished U.S. reliance on multilateral diplomacy. Without identifying the U.S. or Trump by name, Francis singles out Christian-majority countries where nationalist-populist leaders seek to defend Christianity from perceived enemies.

“Today, listening to some of the populist leaders we now have, I am reminded of the 1930s, when some democracies collapsed into dictatorships seemingly overnight,” Francis wrote. “We see it happening again now in rallies where populist leaders excite and harangue crowds, channeling their resentments and hatreds against imagined enemies to distract from the real problems.”

People fall prey to such rhetoric out of fear, not true religious conviction, he wrote. Such “superficially religious people vote for populists to protect their religious identity, unconcerned that fear and hatred of the other cannot be reconciled with the Gospel.”

Francis addressed the killing of Floyd, a Black man whose death at the knee of a white policeman set off protests this year across the United States. Referring to Floyd by name, Francis said: “Abuse is a gross violation of human dignity that we cannot allow and which we must continue to struggle against.”

But he warned that protests can be manipulated and decried the attempt to erase history by downing statues of U.S. Confederate leaders. A better way, he said, is to debate the past through dialogue.

“Amputating history can make us lose our memory, which is one of the few remedies we have against repeating the mistakes of the past,” he wrote.

Turning to the pandemic, Francis blasted people who protested anti-virus restrictions “as if measures that governments must impose for the good of their people constitute some kind of political assault on autonomy or personal freedom!”

He accused some in the church and Catholic media of being part of the problem.

“You’ll never find such people protesting the death of George Floyd, or joining a demonstration because there are shantytowns where children lack water or education,” he wrote. “They turned into a cultural battle what was in truth an effort to ensure the protection of life.”

He praised journalists who reported on how the pandemic was affecting the poorest. But he took a broad swipe at unnamed media organizations that “used this crisis to persuade people that foreigners are to blame, that the coronavirus is little more than a little bout of flu, and that restrictions necessary for people's protection amount to an unjust demand of an interfering state."

“There are politicians who peddle these narratives for their own gain," he writes. “But they could not succeed without some media creating and spreading them."

In urging the world to use the pandemic as an opportunity for a reset, Francis offers “three COVID-19” moments, or personal crises of his own life, that gave him the chance to stop, think and change course.

The first was the respiratory infection that nearly killed him when he was 21 and in his second year at the Buenos Aires diocesan seminary. After being saved, Francis decided to join the Jesuit religious order.

“I have a sense of how people with the coronavirus feel as they struggle to breathe on ventilators,” Francis wrote.

The second COVID-19 moment was when he moved to Germany in 1986 to work on his thesis and felt such loneliness and isolation he moved back to Argentina without finishing it.

The third occurred during the nearly two years he spent in exile in Cordoba, northern Argentina, as penance for his authoritarian-laced reign as head of the Jesuit order in the country.

“I’m sure I did a few good things, but I could be very harsh. In Cordoba, they made me pay and they were right to do so,” he wrote.

But he also revealed that while in Cordoba he read a 37-volume “History of the Popes.”

“Once you know that papal history, there’s not that much that goes on in the Vatican Curia and the church today that can shock you,” he wrote.

Francis repeated his call for a universal basic income, for welcoming migrants and for what he calls the three L’s that everyone needs: land, lodging and labour.


“We need to set goals for our business sector that — without denying its importance — look beyond shareholder value to other kinds of values that save us all: community, nature and meaningful work," he writes.


___

Follow AP’s coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/coronavirus-pandemic and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak

Nicole Winfield, The Associated Press
Draft fishery deal possibly a 'historic recognition' of treaty rights: Mi'kmaq chief

SAULNIERVILLE, N.S. — A draft agreement between Ottawa and a Nova Scotia First nation over a "moderate livelihood" fishery has the potential to be a historic recognition of Mi'kmaq treaty rights, the community's chief said Sunday.
© Provided by The Canadian Press

Mike Sack of Sipekne'katik First Nation said he is reviewing a draft memorandum of understanding he received from the office of Fisheries and Oceans Minister Bernadette Jordan late Friday.

He said the Sipekne'katik Treaty Fishery agreement would allow the Mi'kmaq community to legally sell their catch.

"It's very significant," Sack said in an interview. "It can help lift our people out of poverty."

He said lawyers for the community are going over the agreement and clarifying a few points to ensure nothing infringes on the treaty rights of future generations.

But the chief said he'd like to get a deal finalized as soon as possible, noting that "these last couple of months have seemed like a lifetime to us."

Mi'kmaq fishers faced violence and vandalism last month after launching a rights-based fishery in southwest Nova Scotia.

The attacks prompted widespread condemnation and calls for clarification on Mi'kmaq treaty fishing rights.

Sack said the agreement would make good on the Supreme Court of Canada's recognition of Indigenous treaty rights in its landmark 1999 Marshall decision.

The ruling affirmed the Mi'kmaq treaty right to fish for a "moderate livelihood," though the top court later clarified that the federal government could regulate the fishery for conservation and other limited purposes.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 29, 2020.

The Canadian Press
CRIMINAL CAPITALI$T TOO


Former Wirecard boss Braun stonewalls German lawmakers' inquiry

By Christian Kraemer and John O'Donnell 2020-11-19
© Reuters/FABRIZIO BENSCH 
Former Wirecard CEO testifies before German parliamentary committee in Berlin

BERLIN/FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Wirecard's former boss stonewalled questions from lawmakers on Thursday when he was temporarily released from jail for an inquiry into post-war Germany's biggest corporate fraud.

Markus Braun, wearing his hallmark turtle neck and a blazer, declined to answer more than 50 questions about Wirecard's demise, other than to say no German officials behaved inappropriately.

Braun, who has denied any wrongdoing and said Wirecard was the victim of a wider fraud, is in jail awaiting trial. He told lawmakers on Thursday he had confidence in the German legal system but said little else in a prepared speech.

The former chief executive's stance is a setback for lawmakers investigating the implosion of a German tech star once worth $28 billion, which folded owing billions.

Braun said he had also refused to speak to Munich state prosecutors, who have charged him with fraud and embezzlement, although he pledged to cooperate with them.

Some of the German parliamentarians, who were visibly irritated, resorted to posing questions of Braun such as about his family, before the hearing was temporarily disbanded.

Braun's appearance, which is being closely watched in Germany and again highlighted the Wirecard scandal, increasing pressure on German chancellor Angela Merkel and Finance Minister Olaf Scholz ahead of 2021 national elections.

Wirecard's collapse embarrassed the German government, which prides itself on a reputation for rectitude and reliability, amid criticism that authorities ignored red flags.

LOBBYING

Lawmakers told Reuters they had hoped to find out about Braun's contact with German officials, in particular a meeting in November 2019 with deputy finance minister Joerg Kukies.

German authorities have rejected any suggestion of improper government influence involving Wirecard. Braun too said there had been no improper behaviour by officials.

Asked on Thursday by Reuters about Braun's meeting with Kukies, the Finance Ministry referred to an earlier statement that it touched on topics including allegations of market manipulation, as well as, more generally, cryptocurrencies and the business model of payment firms.

Scholz, who heads Germany's finance ministry and is responsible for regulator BaFin, has also been criticised for the authorities' failure to take Wirecard to task, spending years probing the company's critics instead.

Scholz has since pledged to tighten financial controls.

The affair has also reached Germany's chancellery as the government has said Merkel brought up a planned Wirecard acquisition in China during a visit there in September 2019 and that a senior official subsequently pledged it further support.

In an official parliamentary response, the government said that Merkel did not know at the time of the irregularities at Wirecard, which was dismantled after its disclosure of a 1.9 billion euro hole in its accounts in June.

Prosecutors have been criticised for not spotting problems, instead investigating journalists at the Financial Times, which first published allegations about its accounting.