Sunday, June 22, 2025

Photos of luxury superyacht that sank off Sicily, killing 7, being lifted from the ocean

SALVATORE CAVALLI
Sat, June 21, 2025 


PORTICELLO, Italy (AP) — A British-flagged luxury superyacht that sank off Sicily in 2024, killing U.K. tech magnate Mike Lynch and six others, has been recovered from the sea.

The 56-meter (184-foot) Bayesian was lifted by salvage crews near the port of Porticello, where it sank on Aug. 19 last year during a violent storm.

A floating crane platform will move the Bayesian to the Sicilian port of Termini Imerese, where a special steel cradle is waiting for it. The vessel will then be made available for investigators to help determine the cause of the sinking.

___

This is a photo gallery curated by AP photo editors.


The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is pulled out of the sea off the village of Porticello and dewatered, Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is lifted by cranes during salvage operations off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is lifted by cranes during salvage operations off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The salvage operations of the hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, are seen through the bridge of the Italian Coast Guard ship 'Diciotti' off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is lifted by cranes during salvage operations off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is lifted by cranes during salvage operations off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is pulled out of the sea off the village of Porticello and dewatered, Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

Memebers of the media on the Italian Coast Guard ship 'Dattilo' watch the hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, being pulled out of the sea and dewatered off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is pulled out of the sea off the village of Porticello and dewatered, Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is pulled out of the sea off the village of Porticello and dewatered, Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is pulled out of the sea and dewatered off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS

The hull of the superyacht Bayesian, which sank near Palermo, Sicily, on August 19, 2024, is lifted by cranes during salvage operations off the village of Porticello Saturday, June 21, 2025. (AP Photo/Salvatore Cavalli)ASSOCIATED PRESS


APTOPIX Italy Britain Superyacht


Luxury yacht Bayesian raised out of Mediterranean near Sicily

DPA
Sat, June 21, 2025 



The superyacht Bayesian, owned by tech tycoon Mike Lynch, is lifted to the surface near the fishing town of Porticello. The yacht sank off the Italian coast on August 19, 2024, claiming seven lives, including Lynch, his daughter Hannah, and Morgan Stanley International Chairman Jonathan Bloomer and his wife, Judy.
 Peter Byrne/PA Wire/dpa

The luxury yacht Bayesian was finally lifted out of the water off the Italian Mediterranean island of Sicily on Saturday, 10 months after it sank in a storm.

On Sunday, the wreck is to be taken to the port of Termini Imerese, where the public prosecutor's investigation and expert reports are to continue.

The local coastguard coordinated the delicate operation off the town of Porticello, north-east of Palermo. With the help of special cranes, the 56-metre-long sailing yacht was first lifted from a depth of around 50 metres before it was pumped empty and stabilized.

The superyacht, which had been declared unsinkable, capsized during a storm last August. Seven people died, including the owner - British software billionaire Mike Lynch - and his 18-year-old daughter.

According to a British investigation into the incident, the Bayesian was not designed for the extreme weather conditions with wind speeds of up to 130 kilometres per hour.

Since the start of the salvage operation, drones with infrared sensors and patrol boats have been monitoring the area to detect possible environmental hazards stemming, for instance, from the 18,000 litres of fuel authorities say are still in the wreck.

The Italian public prosecutor's office is also on site to secure evidence, document any construction defects and clarify the cause of the accident.

So far, it is investigating possible breaches of duty by the New Zealand captain and two other crew members, who are accused of ignoring storm warnings and bringing themselves to safety while leaving passengers behind.


The superyacht Bayesian, owned by tech tycoon Mike Lynch, is lifted to the surface near the fishing town of Porticello. The yacht sank off the Italian coast on August 19, 2024, claiming seven lives, including Lynch, his daughter Hannah, and Morgan Stanley International Chairman Jonathan Bloomer and his wife,
 Judy. Peter Byrne/PA Wire/dpa

“Bayesian ”Yacht Hoisted Out of Water Months After Sicily Sinking Killed 7, Including Tycoon Mike Lynch and His Daughter

The doomed vessel was fully lifted out of the waters on June 21

David Chiu, Rachel Raposas
Sun, June 22, 2025 


Peter Byrne/PA Images via GettyMike Lynch's superyacht the Bayesian being lifted near Porticello, Sicily


NEED TO KNOW

The Bayesian was fully lifted from the sea on June 21


The recovery effort, facilitated by British-based company TMC Marine, began on June 17 — roughly 10 months after the yacht's sinking on Aug. 19, 2024


The sinking killed seven, including British tech businessman Mike Lynch and his daughter Hannah

Ten months after a luxury yacht sank off the coast of Sicily, killing seven, the doomed vessel was fully lifted out of the waters.

The 183-foot-long Bayesian yacht was finally lifted from the water off the coast of Porticello on Saturday, June 21, according to a news release obtained by PEOPLE from TMC Marine, the British-based company organizing the recovery effort.

Recovery efforts began on June 17, when the yacht's 72-meter mast was detached to allow the vessel's hull to "partially parbuckle," TMC Marine stated in a previous release. With the help of lifting slings, the yacht then shifted into an upright position while still underwater.

TMC Marine then used its "floating heavy lifting asset," the HEBO LIFT 10, to ease the vessel to a completely upright position on Friday, June 20, after which the machinery officially lifted the yacht to the surface the following day.


Peter Byrne/PA Images via GettyMike Lynch's superyacht the Bayesian

After being fully lifted from the water, the Bayesian will be held in an upright position overnight, then transferred to a "specially manufactured steel cradle that awaits on the quayside" on Sunday, June 22, the release stated.

Marcus Cave, Head of Naval Architecture and a Director of TMC Marine, said: “This was a complex and precise lifting operation to recover Bayesian, and followed a step-by-step programme of salvage work."

"The salvage team has progressed in a systematic way that prioritized the safety of all working on site and minimized any potential impact on the environment. This care for personnel and for the environment will continue as Bayesian is transported into port tomorrow," he added.


ABC The superyacht Bayesian

The Bayesian sank on Aug. 19, 2024, into the waves of the Tyrrhenian Sea after what the Italian coast guard described a “violent storm.” At the time, the vessel carried 22 people: 12 passengers and 10 crew.

Fifteen people were soon rescued after the sinking. Four days later, following complicated and protracted search and rescue efforts, the bodies of seven victims were found. They were identiifed as British tech businessman Mike Lynch and his daughter Hannah; Chairman of Morgan Stanley International Jonathan Bloomer and his wife, Judy Bloomer; New York City-based lawyer Christopher Morvillo and his wife, jewelry designer Neda Morvillo; and chef Recaldo Thomas.




The recovered Bayesian superyacht takes its final journey to a Sicilian port
Associated Press

Before the tragedy, the group was "celebrating Lynch's acquittal" after a lengthy legal saga that dated back to the 2011 sale of Autonomy, a business software company Lynch founded, to Hewlett Packard, a source close to the survivors told PEOPLE.

In May, the U.K.'s Marine Accident Investigation Branch released the interim findings of their safety investigation into what happened, which included a reconstruction of the final minutes before the ship sank.

Although questions had been raised about whether the boat was properly secured — such as the hatches being left open to water — the new report found that weather was the primary risk, and that a burst of intense winds is believed to have tipped over the luxury yacht within a matter of seconds. Additionally, officials also determined that some of the ship’s vulnerabilities to weather were not known to the owner or crew.

However, investigators wrote, "There is the possibility that new evidence may become available that might alter the circumstances as depicted in this report."

In addition to the safety investigation, a parallel criminal investigation is being led by Sicilian prosecutors.

The deckhand as well as the ship's skipper and chief engineer are all reportedly under investigation for possible multiple manslaughter and negligent shipwreck charges, but have not yet been formally accused of any crime.



Bayesian superyacht lifted from seabed

Nick Squires
THE TELEGRAPH
Sat, June 21, 2025 

The Bayesian superyacht is due to be transported to a port on the coast of Sicily on Sunday after salvage experts pumped it empty of seawater and raised it above the surface of the sea.

In an operation that lasted from dawn on Saturday until the evening, the battered vessel was gradually raised by a giant yellow crane attached to a floating platform.

As it emerged, it was evident that its hull was smeared with algae and mud, its guard rails bent out of shape and its deck canopy badly ripped.


The wreck of the yacht was lifted from the seabed off the coast of Sicily
 - Igor Petyx/Reuters


The stump of its enormous 72-metre (236ft) metal mast could clearly be seen – the rest of it had been cut by a remote-controlled underwater robot earlier in the week to make the vessel easier to manoeuvre.

A hatch on the port side of the yacht, through which jet skis and other small craft could be lowered into the water, appeared to be securely shut.

If confirmed by investigators, that would contradict suggestions by the yacht’s Italian manufacturers that it may have been left open by the crew, allowing seawater to rush in and capsize the boat. The boat builders have repeatedly insisted that the vessel was “unsinkable” but critics say its huge mast made it vulnerable to strong winds.


The yacht was was pulled from a depth of 150ft by giant cranes

The word “Bayesian” could clearly be seen on the stern of the once sleek and shiny superyacht.

Although the 56-metre (184ft) vessel was mostly above the sea surface on Saturday evening, its keel remained in the water to provide stability and “hold her firm for the night,” said a spokesman for TMC Marine, the British company that is in charge of the operation.

On Sunday, the giant Dutch-operated platform, the Hebo Lift 10, will transport the British vessel to the large industrial port of Termini Imerese, about 15 miles along the coast of Sicily.

There it will be lifted into a specially designed steel cradle on the quayside, ready for weeks of painstaking inspection by investigators who want to find out how the vessel sank so quickly during a storm last August.


Sunken Bayesian superyacht lifted from waters off Sicily as salvage operation completed
Associated Press

It was sheltering from the lashing rain and screaming winds when it went down about half a mile off the fishing port of Porticello.

The disaster claimed the lives of seven people, including British tech billionaire Mike Lynch and his 18-year-old daughter

“This was a complex and precise lifting operation to recover Bayesian, and followed a step-by-step programme of salvage work,” said Marcus Cave, the director of London-based TMC Marine.

Journalists and camera crews were able to observe the raising of the £30 million Bayesian from an Italian coast guard ship anchored a few hundred yards away.


The last picture taken of the Bayesian before it sank off the coast of Sicily 
- X @Khorakhane100

The yacht had been raised from a depth of 150ft to the surface on Friday but remained partially submerged.

Speaking on the deck of the coast guard ship, Captain Michele Maltese said the yacht’s fuel tanks remain intact, but that thermal cameras were being used to check for any potential leaking of the 18,000 litres of fuel that the Bayesian still carries.


“We are here to make sure there’s no leakage or impact on the environment,” he said. “Our job is to deliver the yacht to the judicial authorities in the best possible condition.”

The British yacht was originally expected to be raised last month, but salvage efforts were delayed after a Dutch diver died during underwater work on May 9, prompting greater use of undersea drones and other remote-controlled equipment.


1406 Bayesian Yacht rescue problems

Inquest proceedings in the UK are looking at the deaths of Mr Lynch and his daughter Hannah, as well as Jonathan Bloomer, chairman of Morgan Stanley International bank, 70, and his wife, Judy Bloomer, 71, who were all British nationals.

Marine Accident Investigation Branch investigators said in an interim report last month that the Bayesian was knocked over by “extreme wind”.

The yacht had a vulnerability to winds, but the owner, captain and crew would not have known of its inherent structural weaknesses, the report said.


Mr Lynch and his 18-year-old daughter Hannah died when the yacht capsized

US lawyer Chris Morvillo and his wife Neda Morvillo, as well as Canadian-Antiguan chef Recaldo Thomas, also died.

Fifteen people, including Mr Lynch’s wife, Angela Bacares, were rescued.

The tycoon founded software giant Autonomy in 1996 and was cleared in June last year of carrying out a massive fraud over the sale of the firm to Hewlett-Packard (HP) in 2011.

The cruise around the Mediterranean was a celebration of his acquittal in the case in the US.


Salvage crews pump water from Mike Lynch’s superyacht ahead of recovery

Nick Squires
Sat, June 21, 2025 
THE TELEGRAPH

The yacht is lifted to the surface near the fishing town of Porticello as part of a £21 million operation to recover the wreck

Water is being pumped out of the Bayesian superyacht as the British vessel is gradually lifted out of the sea off the coast of Sicily.

The 56-metre (184ft) vessel is expected to be lifted clear of the water on Saturday as part of a 25 million euro (£21 million) operation to recover the wreck for investigators to examine.

It is being cradled by eight steel cables which are attached to a giant crane on board a floating platform called the Hebo Lift 10, brought all the way from the Netherlands.

The yacht sank in a violent storm last August with the loss of seven lives including Mike Lynch, the billionaire British tech businessman and his teenage daughter Hannah.

Journalists and camera crews were taken out to the coast guard ship from the fishing port of Porticello, just half a mile from where the Bayesian capsized 10 months ago.

Over the past few days, salvage teams have worked to ease the hull into an upright position and give access to the yacht’s right side, which had previously been lying flat on the seabed 50 metres underwater.

“The Bayesian is on the surface but not clear of the sea as yet,” a spokesman for British salvage company TMC Marine told The Telegraph.

“Pumping out of sea water will continue and it will be lunchtime, following a series of lifting and resting procedures to satisfy the salvage team, before Bayesian is fully and finally out of the water.”


Pumping the water out of the yacht will make it lighter and easier to transport - Francesco Bellina

Pumping out the water from the Bayesian will make the vessel lighter and easier to manoeuvre, a senior coast guard officer said.

Speaking on the deck of the coast guard ship Diciotti, captain Michele Maltese said the yacht’s fuel tanks remain intact, but that thermal cameras are being used to check for any potential fuel leaks.

“We are here to make sure there’s no leakage or impact on the environment,” he said.

“Our job is to deliver the yacht to the judicial authorities in the best possible condition.”

The yacht’s 72-metre (236ft) mast, which was cut off earlier this week by a remote controlled sub, will be retrieved from the seabed next week.

The battered Bayesian will be transported on Sunday to the port of Termini Imerese along the coast of Sicily.

It was originally expected to be raised last month, but salvage efforts were delayed after a diver died during underwater work on May 9, prompting greater use of remote-controlled equipment.

About 70 specialist personnel had been mobilised to Porticello from across Europe to work on the recovery operation, which began last month.

Inquest proceedings in the UK are looking at the deaths of Mr Lynch and his daughter, as well as Morgan Stanley International bank chairman Jonathan Bloomer, 70, and his wife, Judy Bloomer, 71, who were all British nationals.

Marine Accident Investigation Branch investigators said in an interim report that the Bayesian was knocked over by “extreme wind”.

The yacht had a vulnerability to winds, but the owner, captain and crew would not have known of its inherent structural weaknesses, the report said.


A storm is believed to have made the yacht sink in August last year, causing seven people to lose their lives - Peter Byrne

US lawyer Chris Morvillo and his wife Neda Morvillo, and Canadian-Antiguan national Recaldo Thomas, who was working as a chef on the vessel, also died.

Fifteen people, including Mr Lynch’s wife, Angela Bacares, were rescued.

Mr Lynch and his daughter were said to have lived in the vicinity of London and the Bloomers lived in Sevenoaks in Kent.

The tycoon founded software giant Autonomy in 1996 and was cleared in June last year of carrying out a massive fraud over the sale of the firm to Hewlett-Packard (HP) in 2011.
People Don't Realize Meta's AI App Is Publicly Blasting Their Humiliating Secrets to the World

"Whats the easiest way to get rid of crabs?"

Blind Faith
Jun 14, 2025
by Joe Wilkins
Blind Faith
Jun 14, 10:30 AM EDT by Joe Wilkins

At this point, we're probably all familiar with the trope of the dirty old uncle who doesn't realize that simping for thirst traps on social shows up on his public feed.

Now, in a hilarious 2025 riffs on the phenomenon, users of Meta's AI app are inadvertently posting the most private queries imaginable to what they don't realize is showing up for anyone to see.

Released in late April, Meta's "AI assistant" app — really just a flashy chatbot meant to harvest your data — has quickly become a go-to virtual helper for many around the world. Just a month after its release, Meta bragged that its app had surpassed over 1 billion users. There's just one tiny problem: everything you ask Meta's AI is liable to wind up in a public feed for the whole world to laugh at.

From when you first log in, the app is eager to get you rolling. The first thing a new user sees is a sparse screen populated with suggested prompts, ranging from "let's get to know each other" and "describe me in three emojis."

If an unsuspecting user — say, a granddad not well-versed in tech — decides to start here, they might accidentally stumble into a little "share" icon in the top corner that uploads their query into the app's "discover feed."

Given the virtual assistant's life-like voice and instance-based chat sessions, one would be forgiven for thinking that one-on-ones with Meta AI would remain private, no matter what random buttons you click. Meta even addresses this on its website: "as always, you’re in control: nothing is shared to your feed unless you choose to post it."

Nothing could be further from the truth. A quick survey of the app's discover feed reveals a mountain of exchanges that people are almost certainly not intending to share publicly.

Tucked among the now-to-be-expected generative AI slop — stuff like "teen girl walks her raptor on a leash casually," or "Wonder Woman driving a 1965 green mustang fastback" — are scores of chatbot queries with some astonishingly personal information.

"How do i [sic] improve my bowel movements," one user asked, for instance. The chatbot responds with some general tips, then explicitly asks for personal details: "what's your current diet and lifestyle like? Any specific issues you're experiencing with bowel movements?"

"I have high calestrerol and often strugfle with stool movement is it ralated?" asks the user, with typographical errors throughout. Horrifyingly, if you logged into Meta AI with an existing Facebook or Instagram account, whatever name you have visible on there — your real one, for most users — is visible under your public queries.

The unfortunate user struggling with bowel movements, for example, has a profile containing other private questions, like "whats the easiest way to get rid of crabs?" followed up with "is their a reason i keep getten [sic] em?"
A user discusses crabs on the Meta AI App.

Like the discover feed, the privacy violations are endless.

Other examples we found include teachers generating test questions, users asking for situationship advice, more queries on sexual hygiene, detailed discussions about medical history, and assistance generating a "heartfelt" letter to a judge ahead of a criminal sentencing.

Astonishingly, the app also records and uploads voice queries, no matter the length. We found one recording that went on for over an hour, where the conversation drifted from Candace Owens' take on Black Lives Matter to whether or not anyone was actively "trying to kill George Soros" to asking for detailed directions based on the user's current location.

Another spent several minutes detailing their tax woes.

"What do I do if I made about two hundred thousand last year and I forgot to file taxes," they asked.

"If you owe taxes, the IRS will likely send you a notice with the amount due," the chatbot suggests.

"Well I'll just wait till they call me I guess," the user sighs.

Other conversations drifted into topics better left for the incognito tab.

A user discusses how to find love on the Meta AI App.

On one hand, the whole thing reveals the staggering amount of faith people already have in these brand new products — and the extent to which they've quickly become a crutch for many. One user, for example, asked it "what to say to congratulate my niece who graduates from UCLA."

At the same time, it also underscores the mammoth responsibility Meta has as the provider of a de facto public service — and the horrifying lack of accountability the company has consistently shown throughout its lifespan.
How much gold is there in the world?


By Sascha Pare published June 14, 2025

How much gold have humans mined to date, and how much is left?

Humans have mined a sizable proportion of the gold that can be economically extracted from Earth's crust. (Image credit: bodnarchuk via Getty Images)

Gold is a heavy metal and one of Earth's rarer elements, formed in space when neutron stars collide. But just how rare is gold on Earth, and how much of it is there in the world now?

To answer these questions, it is easiest to start with the amount of gold that humans have mined to date. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimates that throughout history, humans have extracted about 206,000 tons (187,000 metric tons) of gold from rocks and rivers, with much of the gold mined and produced today used to make jewelry.

This estimate is significantly smaller than the one given by the World Gold Council, which states that 238,391 tons (216,265 metric tons) of gold has been mined to date — an amount that would fit in a cube measuring approximately 72 feet (22 meters) on each side. About 45% of this gold has been used to craft jewelry, 22% is kept in collections as gold bars and coins, and 17% is stored in central banks, the council notes.

Gold coins from 'world's richest shipwreck' reveal 300-year-old depictions of castles, lions and Jerusalem crosses


Humans have mined a sizable proportion of the gold that can be economically extracted from Earth's crust, but there are still reserves left. In the most recent USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries report for gold, the agency found that there are roughly 70,550 tons (64,000 metric tons) of gold still sitting in economically viable deposits worldwide. The countries with the largest untapped gold reserves are Russia, Australia and South Africa, the report indicated, but China extracted and brought more gold to market than any other country in 2024.

Experts distinguish between reserves, or the portions of an ore deposit that can be economically extracted, and resources, which are ore deposits that researchers and companies have less geological knowledge about and confidence in. According to the World Gold Council, which pulls its data from the research consultancy Metals Focus, global gold reserves amount to 60,370 tons (54,770 metric tons), while gold resources are estimated to weigh about 145,626 tons (132,110 metric tons).

Related: Why is gold so soft?

Taken together, the USGS and World Gold Council estimates suggest there are between 277,000 and 299,000 tons (251,000 to 271,000 metric tons) of gold in human objects and known crustal deposits. But there is much uncertainty in that number.

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What's more, most of the gold on Earth is not in concentrated deposits or circulating above ground. Tiny flecks and nuggets of gold that aren't worth extracting occur throughout the crust, and such particles are especially widespread in seawater and igneous rocks, according to the University of California, Berkeley. The concentration of gold in Earth's crust is about 4 parts per billion, or 0.004 grams per metric ton, so all the particles in the crust put together likely weigh around 441 million tons (400 million metric tons), according to The Royal Mint.

If that sounds like a lot of gold, it's still only a fraction of what the planet actually holds, according to experts. The amount of gold in Earth's crust is dwarfed by the amount locked away in the planet's core, which geologists say holds 99% of the world's gold — enough to coat the planet in a layer 1.6 feet (0.5 m) thick.


\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\The gold that geologists can detect in Earth's crust is a tiny fraction of the amount the planet actually holds. (Image credit: Bloomberg Creative via Getty Images)

When Earth formed, most of the gold that was available sank into the planet's core due to its density, Chris Voisey, an ore deposit geologist and research fellow at Monash University in Australia, told Live Science in an email.

"Consider that 99.5% of the Earth's mass formed when things were molten and could differentiate based on density (so, gold would sink to the core)," Voisey said. The remaining 0.5% landed later on the planet during the "Late Heavy Bombardment," a period between 4.1 billion and 3.8 billion years ago when Earth was violently pummeled by meteorites. That 0.5% holds the gold that geologists and resource explorers find in rocks and concentrated as ore deposits today, Voisey said.

The gold in this tiny fraction of Earth's mass did not sink into the core because the planet had already formed a solid crust when it reached the planet, Voisey said. "A lot of Earth's precious metals that form ore deposits is believed to be sourced from this event, since it isn't locked in the iron-nickel core," he said.

Since the Late Heavy Bombardment, the amount of gold on Earth has not changed much with inputs from space. Deliveries of gold via meteorites are "more or less negligible," Voisey said, and gold that is already on Earth "is simply shuffled around by geological processes which can form ore deposits."

Given that so much of Earth's gold is in the core and that concentrations are so variable in the crust, Voisey said he "seriously doubts" that researchers could ever accurately measure all the gold on the planet. It would also be "impossible" to determine exactly how much gold humans haven't discovered yet, he said.
TOPICS

 

Antimicrobial resistance genes hitch rides on imported seafood


American Society for Microbiology



Highlights:

  • Resistance to colistin, a potent antibiotic, is on the rise.

  • In 2016, researchers discovered that colistin resistance could be transferred laterally among microbes.

  • Researchers have isolated genes that confer colistin resistance from imported seafood purchased from markets in Atlanta, Ga.

  • The findings suggest imported seafood could promote the spread of transmissible colistin resistance. 

Los Angeles, Calif.—Colistin is a potent, last-resort antibiotic, used only to treat people with dangerous, life-threatening bacterial infections that have developed resistance to other drugs. But it’s not foolproof. Worldwide, resistance to colistin is spreading, further diminishing treatment options and putting infected people at higher risk. 

Researchers from the University of Georgia recently identified a way that colistin resistance genes are spreading: Imported seafood. In a new study, microbiologist Issmat Kassem, Ph.D., and his group have reported the first isolation of colistin-resistance genes in bacteria found in imported shrimp and scallops, purchased from 8 food markets around Atlanta, Ga. Kassem will be presenting the findings this week in Los Angeles at ASM Microbe 2025, the annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. An accompanying paper will be published in the ASM journal mSphere.

“We love our seafood,” Kassem said. Many people don’t know that most seafood consumed in the U.S. is imported, he said, including about 90% of shrimp. Imported seafood is screened for contaminants but the process doesn’t catch everything, especially antimicrobial resistance genes. “The bacteria that were carrying colistin resistance genes are not normally screened.” Kassem and his group also found that some of the resistance genes are carried on plasmids—round bits of genetic material that can be transmitted from bacteria to bacteria. 

Antimicrobial resistant infections kill hundreds of thousands of people globally every year, and antimicrobial resistance is a rising public health menace. Colistin was first introduced in the 1950s to treat infections by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, but it takes a heavy toll on patients, including increased risk of damage to the nerves and kidneys. It was discontinued in the U.S. in the 1980s. However, Kassem noted, other countries continued to use it in agricultural settings, both to treat infections and to promote animal growth. Colistin was eventually reintroduced to human medicine because it was one of the few options available to treat certain bacterial infections. The World Health Organization categorizes colistin as a high priority critically important antibiotic, which means it is an essential option for treating serious human infections.  

In 2016, researchers discovered a mobile colistin resistant gene, or mcr, that was “mobile” because it could be transferred via lateral transmission, in plasmids passed among bacteria. Before then, Kassem said, researchers believed colistin resistance was inherited, not shared, “which means it could not jump between different bacteria.” 

Researchers have now identified at least 10 mcr genes and many alleles, or variations. Kassem, who has been studying antimicrobial resistance for 2 decades, suspected it might spread through the importing and exporting of food. 

“Our food is sourced from different places,” he said. “If you go out to lunch today, your plate might have ingredients from 6, 7, 8 countries. Some countries do not have strict regulations for using antibiotics in food animal production, so imported food can be a vehicle for transmission of resistance.” In previous work, his group found mcr genes in samples from wastewater in Georgia; they also found the bacterial host that was carrying the plasmid containing the genes. It wasn’t normally screened in food coming into the United States, he said. In studies published since then, researchers have found mcr genes in plasmids elsewhere. 

When they screened seafood purchased from markets in Georgia, they found the same bacterial host, the same plasmids and the same genes that they’d previously identified in wastewater. “The good news is that we didn’t find it in locally produced seafood,” Kassem said. 

He cautioned that the group identified 1 source of colistin resistance, but there could be other, and they’re likely spreading. “We live in a very connected world,” he said. “We move a lot, we travel a lot, our food travels, and we are going to spread whatever emerges, even across national borders. So, it’s important to invest in monitoring systems and expand them and collaborate, especially on the global level, on the issue of antimicrobial resistance.”

###

The American Society for Microbiology is one of the largest professional societies dedicated to the life sciences and is composed of over 37,000 scientists and health practitioners. ASM's mission is to promote and advance the microbial sciences. 

ASM advances the microbial sciences through conferences, publications, certifications, educational opportunities and advocacy efforts. It enhances laboratory capacity around the globe through training and resources. It provides a network for scientists in academia, industry and clinical settings. Additionally, ASM promotes a deeper understanding of the microbial sciences to all audiences.

Refugee numbers reach record high as global aid funding drops

Aid and human rights agencies gathered on Friday under the umbrella of World Refugee Day to call for solidarity with people forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution or famine at a time when global funding for aid is dropping.

Burkinabe refugees queue to receive a monthly allowance distributed jointly by the World Food Programme and the UNHCR at the Niornigué refugee camp in Ouangolodougou, Côte d'Ivoire, on 25 September 2024. AFP - ISSOUF SANOGO


The decline is linked in part to the United States cutting its support for international medical and social projects, agencies said.

“In a world where conflicts multiply, it remains paramount that states uphold their responsibility to protect people forced to flee, while fostering an environment in which they can thrive and contribute until conditions allow for their safe and dignified return home,” said Filippo Grandi, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Council of Europe chief Alain Berset added: “Protecting those who have no choice but to flee violence and persecution is both a moral duty and a legal obligation.

Berset, who has led the Strasbourg-based human rights body since last September, said the duty to protect displaced people is grounded in both international and European law.

"Our steadfast commitment to these principles is what unites the Council of Europe and will continue to shape Europe’s democratic future,” he said.

The UN refugee agency estimates that 120 million people are currently displaced – the highest figure ever recorded.

World Refugee Day was first marked on 20 June 2001 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention.

"There have never been so many displaced persons and refugees on the planet since we started calculating and compiling statistics," said Jérôme Bobin, director of institutional funding at Handicap International.

"We saw a 10 percent drop in international humanitarian aid last year. We expect much more of a drop in 2025, as the Americans were a major source of humanitarian aid funding.

"The Americans alone accounted for about 45 percent of global humanitarian aid. So, inevitably, when they suddenly stop funding the humanitarian response, there is a huge gap to fill.

"We have serious concerns about 2026, because many countries, such as France, the European Union and Germany, which have traditionally been major funders of humanitarian aid, have announced cuts for 2026 and 2027 as well."

‘The whole planet is affected’

World Refugee Day 2025 falls on the day when foreign ministers of Iran, France, Britain and Germany met in Geneva to talk about hostilities between Israel and Iran and the country's nuclear power programme.

"In recent years, we have seen an escalation in conflicts," added Bobin. "The entire planet is affected by these population displacements, and the numbers are constantly increasing.

"It is clear that states and armed groups find it easier to engage in conflict, and as a result, communities caught in the crossfire are held hostage and forced to move."

East Africa possesses the largest number of refugees on the continent. Uganda alone hosts around 1.7 million refugees, making it the leading host country in Africa and the third largest in the world.

Its policy of giving refugees access to education, healthcare and even agricultural land has been praised by the UN for enabling integration into Ugandan society.

In 2024, Chad became the continent's second largest host country, ahead of Ethiopia, with an average of 3,300 Sudanese arriving every day since the beginning of the year, bringing the total number of refugees to more than 1.2 million.

Causes of departure

Ethiopia, meanwhile, the third largest host country on the continent, is home to more than one million refugees, mainly from South Sudan, Somalia and Eritrea.

The causes of departure are multiple and interconnected, but armed conflict and violence remain the main cause. South Sudan (2.3 million), Sudan (2.1 million), the DRC (1.1 million) and Somalia (nearly 900,000) are among the largest countries of departure.

Instability in the Sahel region has led to an increase in refugees. Numbers tripled between 2020 and 2024, from 215,000 to 643,000.

Malians, Burkinabè and Nigeriens have fled mainly to Mauritania, Togo and Côte d'Ivoire.

One trend is clear: 67 percent of refugees remain in countries neighbouring their country of origin.

And more than half are children, often facing malnutrition, violence or lack of access to education.

On Thursday, the UN published an analysis on children and armed conflict which reported a record 41,370 incidents in 2024 of grave violations against children in armed conflict since the inception of the Children and Armed Conflict mandate almost 30 years ago.

Countries with the highest levels of violations in 2024 were Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, notably the Gaza Strip, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Nigeria and Haiti.  

"When conflicts increase and when domestic needs increase, there is less money to devote to humanitarian aid," said Bobin. "And so when it comes to making trade-offs, humanitarian aid is inevitably the big loser. "




 

Nigerian monarch demands $12 bn for clean-up before oil giant Shell exit

 An influential traditional chief in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta has demanded that UK energy giant Shell pay $12 billion for environmental pollution before it leaves the region.

People walk amid an oil spill in the Niger Delta in village of Ogboinbiri, Nigeria, 11 December 2024. AP - Sunday Alamba


Bubaraye Dakolo of the Ekpetiama Kingdom appeared before a federal high court in the southern city of Yenagoa on Friday demanding reparations for clean-up after decades of environmental damages by Shell, according to a statement by a coalition of civil society groups.

Farming and fishing communities in the Niger Delta, the heartland of Nigeria's crude production, have fought years of legal battles over damage from oil spills in the area.

UK energy giant Shell is one of the companies accused for decades of causing serious environmental degradation across Nigeria's southern oil- and gas-rich region.

The monarch's legal challenge was prompted by Shell's recent divestment of $2.4 billion in Nigerian assets as it shifts to offshore operations.

Shell did not immediately comment.

Military drones deployed as Nigeria loses billions to oil theft gangs

'Massive' oil spills

The monarch and several civil society groups accused Shell of trying to "exit the Niger Delta without first decommissioning obsolete infrastructure, remediating environmental damage, and compensating the Ekpetiama people for long-standing harm".

He claims Shell's activities have led to massive oil spills, gas flaring, and the destruction of fishing and farming while rendering rivers, forests and farmland toxic.

The case came up for mention and has been adjourned to 22 July.

Alongside Shell, the lawsuit named Nigeria's petroleum and justice ministers and a Nigerian upstream petroleum regulatory agency as defendants.

The suit seeks to halt the transfer of Shell's assets pending an agreement on money for environmental cleanup, decommissioning of obsolete infrastructure and community compensation.

"Shell wants to leave behind a mess that has ruined our rivers, farmlands, and livelihoods," Dakolo said in the statement.

“We demand justice, not abandonment. Shell must clean up, compensate, and decommission. Only then can it leave.”

Isaac Asume Osuoka, the director of Social Action Nigeria, one of the parties to the lawsuit, told France's AFP agency that "Shell wants to exit with profit, leaving behind toxic air, poisoned water, and broken communities".

In February a High Court in London began a hearing to address allegations that Shell has polluted vast areas of the Niger Delta, particularly in regions traditionally claimed by the Ogoni people.

TotalEnergies oil project 'devastating' for Ugandan national park, NGO says

A Shell spokesperson at the time said that the "real problem in the Niger Delta [was] oil spills due to theft, illegal refining and sabotage, which cause the most environmental damage".

Nigeria, Africa's leading oil producer, wants to attract more foreign investment since President Bola Ahmed Tinubu came to office in 2023 with a raft of reforms.

The plaintiffs argue that the Nigerian state, through the Minister of Petroleum Resources, NUPRC, and the Attorney General, has failed in its duty to prevent Shell's alleged corporate evasion of responsibility.

(with newswires)