Monday, January 27, 2025

 

Frontiers’ Climate Action boosts biodiversity preservation in Brazil


Frontiers





A ground-breaking sustainability project championed by leading open science publisher, Frontiers, has been designated a Pilot Science Mission for Sustainability at the International Science Council’s (ISC) Muscat Global Knowledge Dialogue today (27 January). 

The Pilot Science Missions for Sustainability apply a ‘big science’ approach to sustainability, elevating collaboration between science, policy, and society – the call for Pilot proposals received over 250 expressions of interest from consortia, with less than 1 in 10 succeeding. The successful Instituto Juruá’s Transformative Science for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods in Amazonia project creates community forest stewardship that helps grow local economies. The project is led by Dr João Campos-Silva, Instituto Juruá’s President, in collaboration with Vice-President Professor Carlos Peres, the inaugural International Champion of the Frontiers Planet Prize – following the Frontiers Planet Prize award, Frontiers in Science published Professor Peres’ widely reported co-authored article on conservation imperatives.  
 
Professor Peres used the Frontiers Planet Prize money of 1 million CHF (US$1.1 million) to extend the Institute’s activities in Brazil’s Amazonas state further and increase the reach of Dr Campos-Silva's project. Beyond providing this critical funding for the project’s expansion, Frontiers activated stakeholders in its climate action programme to amplify the environmental, economic, and social impact of the research.  

As part of its commitment to accelerate scientific solutions to counter climate change, Frontiers leveraged its climate action programme and network to bring together ten key partners in a consortium to ensure the project’s grassroots level impact. Multilateral collaboration ranged from policy-making with regional mayors via the Global Covenant of Mayors (GCOM) and International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) to expediting public-private partnerships via the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and global consultancy KPMG and Deep Matter Labs. Frontiers was also instrumental in preparing the project’s consortia bid to become an ISC Pilot Science Mission for Sustainability. The successful bid means the project will now pilot across the whole Amazon basin, with the potential to become a replicable example worldwide of how to involve communities in scientific biodiversity projects that also sustain and support local economies.  
 
On the announcement of the Science Missions at the ISC Muscat Global Knowledge Dialogue in Oman today, Professor Peres said:

"This is a unique opportunity to strengthen an evidence-based model that blends innovative science with traditional knowledge in the Amazon. By improving local quality of life while preserving the forest, we can showcase a positive example of how local communities can sustainably manage their environment, fostering optimism and hope for the future." 

Frontiers CEO, Dr Kamila Markram, commented:  

“The Instituto Juruá project exemplifies both the mission of the Frontiers Planet Prize and the potential of open science to work hand-in-hand with communities and scientists, making real impact on the ground by supporting ecosystems and economies in a way that is sustainable, shareable and replicable. We could not be more delighted by this announcement and the continued success of João’s and Carlos’ team. I send them the warmest congratulations from everyone at Frontiers.” 

The International Science Council’s CEO, Dr Salvatore Aricò, remarked:  

“The Instituto Juruá project epitomizes the essence of what the ISC Science Missions initiative seeks to achieve: transformative, collaborative science that bridges local knowledge with global action. By integrating innovative research with the needs and aspirations of local communities, this initiative demonstrates how science can drive sustainable solutions that benefit both people and the planet.” 

Dr Massamba Thioye, Project Executive, UNFCCC Global Innovation Hub, concluded: 

“Biodiversity conservation in Amazonia has ecological, economic, cultural, and global climate benefits. Science can play a crucial role in supporting it, providing the knowledge, tools, and strategies needed to understand, protect, and sustainably manage its ecosystems. Using transformative Science for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods in Amazonia is fully aligned with the UN Climate Change Global Innovation Hub vision: contributing to providing flourishing life to the many people, no one being left behind, while keeping human activities within the planetary boundaries.” 

The Instituto Juruá’s Transformative Science for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods in Amazonia specific goals include: 

  • Empower local communities as conservation agents, promoting forest stewardship and supporting local economies 

  • Establish a polycentric river-basin governance regime 

  • Protect approximately 10 million hectares;  

  • Recover overexploited species with significant commercial and cultural value 

  • Uphold the social rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities 

  • Strengthen low-carbon bioeconomy initiatives for sustainable income generation 

  • Improve regional infrastructure to enhance access to services 

The project’s bid consortia as convened by Frontiers include:   

  • Swissnex Brazil 

  • KPMG and Dark Matter Labs 

  • ICLEI 

  • The Arista Institute 

  • Senscience 

  • LIFES 

  • GeSI 

  • Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy 

  • UNFCCC Global Innovation Hub

 WORD OF THE DAY

Journal "Science" lists the discovery of altermagnetism as scientific breakthrough in physics in 2024




International recognition for Mainz-based research on altermagnetism, a new concept in physics



Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz

altermagnetic crystal 

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Altermagnetic crystal: not only the directions of spin polarization (in magenta and cyan) alternate on neighboring magnetic atoms, but also the atomic shapes themselves – as shown by tilting the dumbbell-shaped electron densities in two different directions. The blue beamline illustrates the photoemission experiment on a synchrotron that was used to demonstrate altermagnetism.

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Credit: ill./ ©: Libor Šmejkal & Anna Birk Hellenes / JGU





Science and research make groundbreaking discoveries every day, constantly pushing the boundaries of our knowledge. Every year, the high-profile academic journal Science names ten of those research achievements in a top list of scientific breakthroughs. For 2024, Science chose the drug lenacapavir and its potential to reduce HIV/AIDS infections to zero as its Breakthrough of the Year. In the field of physics, the phenomenon of altermagnetism – discovered by researchers of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) – received the special honor to be listed as another major scientific breakthrough. "This is a truly unique tribute to our work, and we are proud and honored to receive this acknowledgement for our research," said Professor Jairo Sinova of the JGU Institute of Physics. He and his team discovered and demonstrated the phenomenon of altermagnetism.

So far, physics had decided between only two classes of magnetism, namely ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. Even the ancient Greeks knew about ferromagnetism, which makes refrigerator magnets stay in place, for example. While ferromagnets have all their magnetic moments aligned in the same direction, antiferromagnets have magnetic moments that align in a regular pattern pointing in opposite directions, with the result that the magnetic moments cancel each other out externally.

Theoretical prediction of altermagnetism in 2019

In 2019, researchers at Mainz University came across an effect that they could not explain by either of these types of magnetism: the presence of a fully intact momentum current in antiferromagnets. They postulated that this must be attributable to an alignment of magnetic moments that was unlike that in ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism – and with that, the concept of altermagnetism was born. In effect, altermagnets combine the characteristics of ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. Their neighboring magnetic moments are always antiparallel to each other, as in antiferromagnets, but, at the same time, they exhibit a spin-polarized current – just like ferromagnets. "By means of a mathematical analysis of the spin symmetries, we were able to theoretically predict the existence of altermagnetism," explained Professor Sinova. "The spin-polarized current alternates with the direction of the current, hence the name 'altermagnetism'." The new field of altermagnetism is at the core of the Collaborative Research Centers CRC/TR 173 "Spin+X – Spin in its collective environment" and CRC/TR 288 "Elastic Tuning and Response of Electronic Quantum Phases of Matter" (ELASTO-Q-MAT), in which JGU researchers play a significant role. The German Research Foundation approved continued funding for both CRCs in 2024.

Experimental proof in 2024

In 2024, the researchers at JGU also obtained experimental demonstration of altermagnetism. "Our colleagues in the team of Professor Hans-Joachim Elmers were able to measure for the first time an effect that is considered to be a signature of altermagnetism. They used a specially developed impulse electron microscope at DESY, one of Germany's largest research centers," added Sinova.

The discovery of altermagnetism as a third type of magnetism is an important scientific breakthrough because it reveals an effect that was previously unknown but even more so because of the relevance of the practical applications in which it could be used. Data storage capacity could be substantially increased if it proves feasible to use the magnetic moment of electrons instead of their charge in dynamic random-access memory for data storage. The big advantage is that there are at least 200 different materials that are currently known to exhibit altermagnetism.

 

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Pilot edition of international acupuncture guidelines for non-specific low back pain



KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.




Non-specific low back pain is a significant global health problem, with 90~95% of patients suffering from non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Clinical practice has shown that acupuncture and moxibustion therapy have positive efficacy with fewer side effects, making it a more efficient treatment option.

To boost efforts in the field, a team of researchers in China established a set of guidelines to provide more comprehensive scientific, patient-centered clinical practice recommendations.

"Referencing the WHO guideline development process, clinical questions were initially investigated and collected from the perspectives of guideline users in different identities and regions,” shares leader of the guideline working group, Tao Yang, a professor of acupuncture at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. “Combined with multidisciplinary expert interviews and the use of a modified Delphi method, we formed a structured clinical question that reached expert consensus.”

Subsequently, evidence was gathered to construct the set of guidelines. Participants in the survey for the clinical questions and members of the guidelines development expert panel come from different countries and regions, making this set of guidelines more internationally representative and its clinical applicability more extensive.

The set of guidelines, published in the World Journal of Acupuncture – Moxibustion, provides seven recommendations for 10 clinical questions. The main recommendations are:

  1. For patients with acute/subacute NSLBP, compared with oral administration of Western medicine (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants) or other non-pharmacological treatments (physical therapy, bed rest, tuina), filiform needle therapy (acupuncture or electroacupuncture) or comprehensive therapy of acupuncture therapy (acupuncture plus moxibustion, acupuncture plus cupping, acupuncture plus moxibustion and cupping) is prioritized.
  2. For patients with chronic non-specific low back pain, the degree of recommendations for therapy ranges from high to low : the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture therapy >  filiform needle therapy >  other non-pharmacological treatments (tuina, physical therapy plus exercise, and core stability training).
  3. For pregnant women with NSLBP, acupuncture should be delivered with caution, and the risk of safety may be induced if the acupoints are not appropriately selected or manipulated.

The clinical questions in the set of guidelines were formulated in the form of questionnaires, and the quality of the evidence from the included studies was found to be low.

“Notably, there was a lack of high-quality literature references. Therefore, higher quality clinical studies should be conducted on these clinical questions to provide more evidence-based references for subsequent clinical work,” adds Yang.

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Contact author:  Tao YANG, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing100053, China ,bjytyangtao@163.com

 

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DOI

Method of Research

Subject of Research

Article Title


Global review of acupuncture and moxibustion in CINV/RINV guidelines' status and future focus




KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
Diagram of star rating and number of recommendations 

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Diagram of star rating and number of recommendations

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Credit: Tian-yu Ming




A large number of patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy worldwide are severely afflicted by nausea and vomiting annually. Conventional drug treatments often bring numerous side effects. Meanwhile, acupuncture and moxibustion as an adjunctive therapy has drawn increasing attention, yet guidelines' recommendations vary. This heterogeneity and the absence of detailed acupuncture and moxibustion regimens pose a challenge for clinical practice.

In a new study published in the World Journal of Acupuncture - Moxibustion, a team of researchers from the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (IAM), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), conducted a review of 56 guidelines and expert consensus documents. The scope included recommendations on acupuncture and moxibustion for CINV and RINV.

"Our findings stress the importance of developing acupuncture specific clinical practice guidelines that provide potential acupuncture and moxibustion regimens to improve patient care,” explains Dr Wei-juan Gang, Director of the Center for Evidence-based Acupuncture and Moxibustion at IAM, CACMS.”

The study's findings not only shed light on the existing gaps in CINV and RINV management, but also suggest that the current approach to integrating acupuncture and moxibustion into treatment plans lacks the rigor required for widespread clinical adoption.

“The review's assessment of guideline quality, employing the Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings (STAR) tool, found the majority to be of medium quality, with none rated as high quality,” adds Gang. “This indicates improvement in the development process of future guidelines is needed.”

One of the surprising findings was the inconsistency in the quality of evidence supporting the recommendations, with many guidelines failing to provide a robust evidence base for their suggestions.

“Our findings call for a renewed focus on the development of acupuncture specific guidelines, emphasizing the importance of personalized antiemetic programs and the integration of acupuncture and moxibusiton with Western practices,” says Gang. “They also underscore the necessity for more research to elucidate the mechanisms of action of acupuncture and moxibustion in managing CINV and RINV.”

The researchers hope that new guidelines are founded on solid evidence and transparent methods, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and a better understanding of the role of acupuncture and moxibustion in modern medicine.

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Contact author: Wei-juan GANG, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, gangweijuan@126.com

USING CHI/KI/QI ENERGY 

Qigong significantly decreases chronic low back pain in US military veterans


Pilot study explores traditional Chinese practice and biopsychosocial outcomes


SOON TO BE BANNED AS WOKE BY HEGSETH


Florida Atlantic University

Qigong 

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Qigong is a traditional Chinese practice combining gentle movements, breathing, and meditation.

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Credit: Alex Dolce, Florida Atlantic University




Chronic pain is widespread in the United States, particularly among military veterans, affecting between 40 to 70% of this population and serving as a leading cause of disability. Veterans experience chronic pain more often than civilians, with back pain being the most common. Up to 75% of older veterans report chronic pain, while younger veterans and those from recent conflicts face more severe pain.

Chronic low back pain in veterans affects not only physical health but also social and occupational functioning, often leading to job loss, financial stress and economic instability. Furthermore, veterans face higher rates of opioid prescriptions, increasing the risk of addiction and overdose. Treating chronic low back pain is complicated by comorbid conditions linked to military service, such as traumatic brain injury, PTSD and behavioral disorders. Nonpharmacological approaches are essential for effective pain management. 

Researchers from Florida Atlantic University conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of qigong on biopsychosocial outcomes in veterans with chronic low back pain. Qigong (pronounced “chee-gong”) is a traditional Chinese practice that combines gentle movements, controlled breathing and meditation to cultivate and balance the body’s energy, often referred to as “qi” or “life force.”

The research team designed a novel qigong program for this research specifically applicable to managing chronic low back pain in veterans. The purpose of the eight-week longitudinal study was to evaluate the effects of the qigong intervention on biological, psychological and social measures outcomes in veterans with chronic low back pain compared to a wait-list control group.

Specifically, researchers assessed how the intervention impacted physical function, sleep disturbance, PTSD, depression, anxiety, positive affect, and social roles and activities. These assessments were conducted at multiple points during the study to measure the program’s preliminary effectiveness.

Results of the study, published in the journal Pain Management Nursing, indicate that all pain-related outcomes (pain intensity, low back pain-related disability, and pain interference) decreased significantly in the qigong group compared to the control group. In addition to chronic pain, sleep disturbance was significantly improved in the qigong group compared to the control group.

“This holistic approach addresses the complex challenges faced by veterans with chronic low back pain without relying on medications,” said Cheryl Krause-Parello, Ph.D., senior author, FAU associate vice president for research, founding director of Canines Providing Assistance to Wounded Warriors (C-PAWW), and associate executive director and faculty fellow, FAU Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention        (I-Health). “Armed with this knowledge, health care providers, such as nurses and physical therapists, should actively consider incorporating nonpharmacological interventions like qigong into treatment plans to enhance the overall well-being of veterans dealing with chronic low back pain.”

The study also found a significant connection between biological factors, such as inflammation markers, and psychosocial outcomes. For instance, higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were strongly associated with poorer physical function. Similarly, the inflammatory marker IL-8 was linked to both pain-related disability and symptoms of PTSD. These findings suggest that inflammation may contribute to both physical and mental health challenges in individuals with chronic conditions.

Qigong is easy to learn, does not require specific sites or equipment, and can be practiced individually or collectively in a variety of styles, from slow, flowing exercises to still meditative postures. It is often used for relaxation, healing or spiritual growth. It is similar in some ways to Tai Chi but is more focused on internal energy work. Regular practice of qigong provides a range of therapy focused on the spine: gentle bending, stretching and strengthening based on the functional integrity of the spine and connective mechanisms.

“Stretching, loosening, strengthening and balancing techniques of qigong may release back tension, ease pain and improve flexibility and alignment,” said Krause-Parello. “Qigong practice can strengthen the musculoskeletal system and improve joint flexibility, motor function and movement coordination. It can activate postural improvements and decrease pain. Importantly, it can improve physical conditions and psychosocial function such as depression and social isolation in veterans with chronic back pain.” 

Study co-authors are Juyoung Park, Ph.D., The University of Arizona College of Nursing; and David Newman, Ph.D., professor and statistician, FAU Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing.

The findings from this study will help the researchers explore the relationships among these biopsychosocial factors and estimate the effect sizes necessary for designing a fully powered clinical trial in the future.

- FAU -

About Florida Atlantic University:
Florida Atlantic University, established in 1961, officially opened its doors in 1964 as the fifth public university in Florida. Today, the University serves more than 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students across six campuses located along the southeast Florida coast. In recent years, the University has doubled its research expenditures and outpaced its peers in student achievement rates. Through the coexistence of access and excellence, FAU embodies an innovative model where traditional achievement gaps vanish. FAU is designated a Hispanic-serving institution, ranked as a top public university by U.S. News & World Report and a High Research Activity institution by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. For more information, visit www.fau.edu.