Wednesday, December 29, 2021

P3

KKR, Ontario Teachers' and PSP Investments Complete Acquisition of Spark Infrastructure

Article content

SYDNEY — KKR, Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board (“Ontario Teachers’”) and Public Sector Pension Investment Board (“PSP Investments” and together, “the Consortium”) today announced the completion of the acquisition of all issued securities of Spark Infrastructure (ASX: SKI) in an all-cash transaction for approximately A$5.2 billion. All regulatory approvals have been obtained.

Spark Infrastructure invests in essential energy infrastructure businesses within Australia, which serve over 5 million homes and businesses, and are deeply involved in supporting the transition of Australia’s electricity grid to one that is increasingly reliant on renewable energy. Spark Infrastructure’s portfolio comprises:

Advertisement

– 49% of SA Power Networks, the sole operator of South Australia’s electricity distribution network, supplying approximately 896,000 residential and commercial customers across the state;
– 49% in Citipower and Powercor (together known as “Victoria Power Networks”), the operator of distribution networks that supply electricity to over 1.1 million customers in Melbourne and central and western Victoria;
– 15.01% of TransGrid, the largest high-voltage electricity transmission network by volume in the National Electricity Market, connecting generators, distributors and major users in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory; and
– 100% of the 120MW DC /100MW AC Bomen Solar Farm located north of Wagga Wagga in New South Wales.

Andrew Jennings, a Director on KKR’s Infrastructure team in Australia, said, “We are excited to invest in Spark Infrastructure, which is a world-class business that plays a critical role in Australian communities. Alongside Ontario Teachers’ and PSP Investments, we look forward to working with the management teams of Spark Infrastructure and its portfolio companies, to support the business’ objectives to improve grid stability and build secure, high-quality and cost-effective electricity infrastructure for customers across the country.”

“Spark Infrastructure aligns perfectly with our strategy to invest in high-quality regulated infrastructure assets globally that will both benefit from and support the transition to a low-carbon economy,” said Bruce Crane, Managing Director and Head of Asia Pacific Infrastructure & Natural Resources at Ontario Teachers’. “We look forward to working with our partners and management to continue to optimize network performance and reliability while also supporting future growth of the portfolio.”

“We are excited to add Spark Infrastructure to our Infrastructure portfolio and to continue nurturing our established relationships with KKR and Ontario Teachers’,” said Sandiren Curthan, Senior Director, Infrastructure Investments, PSP Investments. “As Australia transitions away from coal, Spark Infrastructure’s electricity transmission and distribution networks are well-positioned to enable the clean energy transition toward a low-carbon economy.”

KKR is making the investment through its core infrastructure strategy which focuses on investing in high-quality regulated assets in developed OECD markets.

Advertisemen

About KKR
KKR is a leading global investment firm that offers alternative asset management and capital markets and insurance solutions. KKR aims to generate attractive investment returns by following a patient and disciplined investment approach, employing world-class people, and supporting growth in its portfolio companies and communities. KKR sponsors investment funds that invest in private equity, credit and real assets and has strategic partners that manage hedge funds. KKR’s insurance subsidiaries offer retirement, life and reinsurance products under the management of The Global Atlantic Financial Group. References to KKR’s investments may include the activities of its sponsored funds and insurance subsidiaries. For additional information about KKR & Co. Inc. (NYSE: KKR), please visit KKR’s website at www.kkr.com and on Twitter @KKR_Co.

About Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board
Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board (Ontario Teachers’) is the administrator of Canada’s largest single-profession pension plan, with C$227.7 billion in net assets (all figures at June 30, 2021 unless noted). It holds a diverse global portfolio of assets, approximately 80% of which is managed in-house, and has earned an annual total-fund net return of 9.6% since the plan’s founding in 1990. Ontario Teachers’ is an independent organization headquartered in Toronto. Its Asia-Pacific region offices are located in Hong Kong and Singapore, and its Europe, Middle East & Africa region office is in London. The defined-benefit plan, which is fully funded as at January 1, 2021, invests and administers the pensions of the province of Ontario’s 331,000 active and retired teachers. For more information, visit otpp.com.

About PSP Investments
The Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments) is one of Canada’s largest pension investment managers with C$204.5 billion of net assets under management as of March 31, 2021. It manages a diversified global portfolio composed of investments in public financial markets, private equity, real estate, infrastructure, natural resources and credit investments. Established in 1999, PSP Investments manages and invests amounts transferred to it by the Government of Canada for the pension plans of the federal Public Service, the Canadian Forces, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Reserve Force. Headquartered in Ottawa, PSP Investments has its principal business office in Montréal and offices in New York, London and Hong Kong. For more information, visit investpsp.com or follow us on Twitter and LinkedIn.


Caisse co-financing remote monitoring company, OMERS subsidiary enters Australian rental market

By: Staff
December 20, 2021


The Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec is co-financing $100 million in credit for a remote area monitoring company.

The Caisse is joining fellow investors, including the Business Development Bank of Canada and Export Development Canada, to provide credit for quasi-equity, subordinated debt and revolving credit for Vosker. The majority of the funding will be used to finance the acceleration of businesses growth through sales and marketing, new product development and human capital investments, according to a press release.

Based in Quebec, Vosker sells cellular-connected devices that enable remote monitoring of areas where Wi-Fi and electricity are either not accessible or optimal. Its products and services are available to customers in more than 50 countries.

Read: Caisse co-investing in sustainable energy, AIMCo acquiring U.K. warehouses

“With this financing, CDPQ is supporting the expansion of a young Quebec technology company that ranks alongside some of the fastest growing companies in Canada in recent years,” said Kim Thomassin, executive vice-president and head of investments in Quebec and stewardship for the Caisse, in the release. “The company is well-positioned to maintain this growth and this investment provides the necessary flexibility to develop its products and expand the scope of its innovations.”

In other investment news, Oxford Properties Group, the real estate investment arm of the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System, is entering an agreement to build a rental property in Melbourne.

The deal will see Oxford Properties Group, Investa Property Group and the PDG Corp. co-own a yet-to-be-built tower located on the south bank of the Yarra River in the centre of the Australian city. The tower will be constructed by PDG through Indi, a build-to-rent platform founded by Investa.

In a press release, Alec Harper, head of Australia at Oxford, said the investment comes in response to a major housing shortfall facing residents of the country’s second-largest city. “Today’s transaction further delivers on the collective vision of Oxford, Investa and Indi to transform the experience of renting a home in Australia, through greater choice, quality and institutional management expertise. Growing our exposure to the Australian build-to-rent sector represents one of Oxford’s highest conviction investment strategies.”

Read: CPPIB enters rental community joint venture, Caisse invests in supply chain service provider

The Canada Pension Plan Investment Board is entering a joint venture to develop industrial properties in the U.S.

The US$1.1 deal, reached with privately-owned real estate developer Bridge Development Partners, will involve developing industrial assets for long-term ownership in core U.S. markets. The CPPIB owns a 95 per cent share in the joint venture.

It has already secured an initial investment in a 70 hectare industrial site in Florida. The development will include six buildings that will total 250,000 square metres of warehouse space.

In a press release, Peter Ballon, managing director and global head of real estate at the CPPIB, said the acquisition will help meet the U.S.’s growing demand for warehouse space. “We’re pleased to form a new partnership in the growing industrial real estate sector alongside proven developer and operator Bridge, further diversifying our real estate investments across multiple U.S. markets.”

Read: CPPIB invests in clean energy provider, OMERS subsidiary enters industrial property joint venture

The CPPIB is also acquiring a stake in a European public equity fund.

Under the terms of the deal, the CPPIB will invest €360 million for a 20 per cent stake in Atlantic BidCo, a U.K.-based investment fund focused on European public equities. The news follows the publishing of a bid from Atlantic BidCo to acquire the controlling equity of a German bank.

Under the terms of the deal, at least 70 per cent of shares would be sold to Atlantic BidCo. If enough shareholders accept the offer, the deal would still require the approval of European Union regulators in order for it to be finalized.

According to Atlantic BidCo, the objective of the transaction is to support Aareal Bank’s existing strategic ambitions. These include increasing investments across the financial services, real estate, software and payments sectors.

Read: CPPIB-backed fintech stock rebounds after disappointing IPO

Caisse co-investing in sustainable energy, AIMCo acquiring U.K. warehouses

By: Staff
December 16, 2021



The Caisse de dépot et placement du Québec is entering a co-investment collaboration targeting ventures in the sustainable energy sector.

The three-year agreement between the Caisse and the BP-owned investment firm BP Ventures has already resulted in an investment in Bridge to Renewables Inc., which is developing software infrastructure to enable electric vehicles to interact with electricity markets. The company currently provides a platform that empowers electric vehicle manufacturers, fleet operators, charging station networks and renewable electricity generators to work together effectively.

The collaboration will also see the Caisse and BP Ventures make targeted investments in companies involved in improving electrification infrastructure and the adoption of renewable energy, batteries and biofuels.

In a press release, Geneviève Bouthillier, managing director of private mid-market companies and stewardship investing at the Caisse, said it may also target any companies accelerating the transition away from fossil fuels. “Our co-investment in BTR Energy is a good example of what we aim to do with BP Ventures. [We aim to] invest in promising companies that have demonstrated their capability to have a concrete impact in order to propel their growth.”

In other news, the Alberta Investment Management Corp. is acquiring two new logistics warehouses in the U.K.

Developed by Baytree Logistics Properties in 2019, the two units have a combined area of 37,000 square metres and are located on a 13-hectare industrial property in Dunstable.

Both units are already under long-term leases. United Parcel Service, the tenant of the first unit, has a five-year lease. Amazon.com Inc. holds a 15-year lease on the second, which was custom-built for the online shopping giant.

“In addition to solid real estate fundamentals, the buildings’ strong green credentials are important to us and align closely with AIMCo’s commitment to responsible investment,” said Rupert Wingfield, the investment organization’s head of European real estate.


IDEAL, Ontario Teachers' and CPP Investments Further Expand Mexican Infrastructure Partnership

NEWS PROVIDED BY Canada Pension Plan Investment Board

Dec 07, 2021

MEXICO CITY, and TORONTO, Dec. 7, 2021 /CNW/ - Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board ("Ontario Teachers'") and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPP Investments") have entered into a definitive agreement to acquire incremental stakes in Impulsora del Desarrollo y el Empleo en América Latina, S.A.B. de C.V. (BMV: IDEAL B-1) ("IDEAL") at MXN$45.00 per share.

Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan logo (CNW Group/Canada Pension Plan Investment Board)





Under the terms of the agreement, Ontario Teachers' will acquire an additional 8.4% interest in IDEAL, while CPP Investments will increase its investment holding by an additional 1.1%. Following the close of the transaction, Ontario Teachers' and CPP Investments will each own 24.8% of IDEAL's outstanding shares. The closing of the transaction is subject to certain conditions, including obtaining the authorization from the Mexican antitrust authorities (Comisión Federal de Competencia).


IDEAL owns, finances and operates a portfolio of brownfield and greenfield toll road concessions, water treatment plants, multimodal transit terminals and Mexico's largest electronic toll collection systems operator. IDEAL's primary business is in the toll road sector where it operates a portfolio of roads strategically distributed to interconnect key urban centers, ports and production hubs across Mexico.

"We are excited to further deepen our longstanding investment relationship with IDEAL alongside CPP Investments and significantly increase our exposure to high-quality core infrastructure assets in Mexico," said Stacey Purcell, Managing Director, Latin America of Ontario Teachers' Infrastructure & Natural Resources group. "Over the past few years, we have seen firsthand that IDEAL is the premier infrastructure platform in Mexico and believe it is well-placed to continue delivering strong results and growth in the years to come."

In November 2021, FIBRA IDEAL, the infrastructure investment trust managed by IDEAL, indicated plans for a follow-on public offering which may include both a primary and secondary component. FIBRA IDEAL was established in 2020 when Ontario Teachers' and CPP Investments' closed their first direct investment in IDEAL. The FIBRA IDEAL offering, which is anticipated for early 2022, is expected to precede Ontario Teachers' and CPP Investments increased shareholding in IDEAL.

"Our ongoing investment in IDEAL continues to provide CPP Investments with access to a diversified portfolio of real assets with stable cash flows, while also providing the opportunity for future growth through development opportunities in Mexico's infrastructure sector," said Scott Lawrence, Managing Director, Head of Infrastructure, CPP Investments. "We look forward to the ongoing growth of this platform alongside our valued partners."

ABOUT IDEAL

IDEAL is an independent publicly traded company listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (IDEALB1.MX). IDEAL engages in the development, promotion, operation and administration of infrastructure projects in Mexico and Latin America. IDEAL is one of the largest infrastructure companies in Latin America, with 18 infrastructure concessions in different sectors, including toll roads, water and logistics terminals.

ABOUT ONTARIO TEACHERS'

Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board (Ontario Teachers') is the administrator of Canada's largest single-profession pension plan, with C$227.7 billion in net assets (all figures at June 30, 2021 unless noted). It holds a diverse global portfolio of assets, approximately 80% of which is managed in-house, and has earned an annual total-fund net return of 9.6% since the plan's founding in 1990. Ontario Teachers' is an independent organization headquartered in Toronto. Its Asia-Pacific region offices are located in Hong Kong and Singapore, and its Europe, Middle East & Africa region office is in London. The defined-benefit plan, which is fully funded as at January 1, 2021, invests and administers the pensions of the province of Ontario's 331,000 active and retired teachers. For more information, visit otpp.com.

ABOUT CPP INVESTMENTS

Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPP Investments™) is a professional investment management organization that manages the Fund in the best interest of the more than 20 million contributors and beneficiaries of the Canada Pension Plan. In order to build diversified portfolios of assets, investments are made around the world in public equities, private equities, real estate, infrastructure and fixed income. Headquartered in Toronto, with offices in Hong Kong, London, Luxembourg, Mumbai, New York City, San Francisco, São Paulo and Sydney, CPP Investments is governed and managed independently of the Canada Pension Plan and at arm's length from governments. At September 30, 2021, the Fund totalled C$541.5 billion. For more information, please visit www.cppinvestments.com or follow us on LinkedInFacebook or Twitter.

SOURCE Canada Pension Plan Investment Board

For further information: IDEAL: Maria de la Soledad Garcia Dueñas, Investor Relations, T: +52 (55) 11031300 ext. 1473, mgarciad@ideal.com.mx; Ontario Teachers': Hugh Christopher, Senior Manager, Communications, T: +1 647 300 3365, media@otpp.com; CPP Investments: Asher Levine, Managing Director, Communications, CPP Investments, T: +1 929 208 7939, alevine@cppib.com
Related Links

https://www.cppinvestments.com/





USA
CalPERS, nation’s largest pension fund, hits $500B in assets


December 28, 2021

The California Public Employees’ Retirement System is a $380 billion public pension fund.


Jay Mather
Sacramento Bee file
DECEMBER 29, 2021


CalPERS’ market value has reached $500 billion for the first time, a new landmark for the nation’s largest pension fund.

Pension plan statistics show the retirement plan reached $501.63 billion as of Monday night, following a 1.4% increase in the S&P 500 stock index and another 1.4% increase by the Nasdaq. The S&P increase took the stock index to its highest level ever.

Around 50% of CalPERS assets are invested in equities, meaning that stock market swings in the downward direction could quickly drop assets back under $500 billion.

Still, overall upward stock trends have largely been responsible for the rapid market value growth of the CalPERS portfolio in a short period of time.

The pension system’s portfolio reached $400 billion on January 16, 2020 – growing by $100 billion to $500 billion in less than two years’ time.

CalPERS still faces major financial challenges even though its funding level is increasing. The pension plan is estimated to have 80% of the assets it would need to pay claims long-term as of June 30, 2021.

CalPERS CEO Marcie Frost put a positive spin on the asset growth in a statement.

“We’re a long-term investor,” said Frost. ”We plan for successes over years, not one month or one quarter. Our funding level has grown steadily to 80% over the last five years, and we’re on a clear and sustained path to full funding – 100%.”

Overall, CalPERS portfolio gains of more than 20% in the fiscal year ending June 30 2021, increased the fund’s estimated funding level by approximately 10% from a year earlier.

Still, CalPERS has an estimated funding shortfall of more than $120 billion.

A larger asset value of its portfolio also creates added challenges for a pension fund that its own consultants have described as a mega cruise ship–meaning the pension fund is so large that it’s hard to be nimble in making investments.

CalPERS is the largest pension fund in the U.S.

A larger fund also will require more money to be invested in asset classes, such as private equity, that are difficult to source quality investment opportunities.

CalPERS wants to increase its private equity investments because it is the pension fund’s best-returning asset class long-term and short-term. Private equity produced a 43.8% return in the latest fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, while equities showed a 36.3% return.

CalPERS four-year asset allocation starting in mid-2022 calls for its $44 billion private equity portfolio, 9.2% of the portfolio as of July 31, 2021, to go up to 13% of the overall portfolio.

That would mean at a $500 billion market value, CalPERS would need to find more than $21 billion more in private equity investments to meet its investment goal in an environment where there are limited top-quality private equity funds that pay the double-digit returns CalPERS hopes for.

When CalPERS assets were $480 billion on Sept. 30, 2021, it would have needed around $3 billion less to reach its private equity funding goal.


Riot Games to Pay 2,000 Former and Current Female Employees $80M Over Gender Discrimination

Riot Games, publisher of the popular League of Legends video game, 

will pay $100 million to settle a discrimination and harassment case

Riot Games
CREDIT: ALAMY

Video game publisher Riot Games will pay $100 million to settle a gender discrimination and harassment case in California, pending approval by the court.

On Monday, the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing announced that Riot Games — publisher of the popular League of Legends video game — will pay at least $80 million to more than 2,000 former and current employees who identify as female to settle the class-action lawsuit brought against the Los Angeles-based company in 2018.

"This historic agreement reflects California's commitment to strategic and effective government enforcement of the State's robust equal-pay, anti-discrimination, and anti-harassment laws," DFEH director Kevin Kish said in a statement.

"If entered by the court, this decree will compensate employees and contractors affected by sex discrimination and harassment, ensure lasting change in this workplace, and send the message that all industries in California, including the gaming industry, must provide equal pay and workplaces free from discrimination and harassment," he added.

In August 2018, video game news website Kotaku published a report on Riot Games that alleged sexism and a "bro culture" that made it near impossible for women to enter leadership roles at the company. It also alleged an interview process some female job candidates went through that sought to prove they played video games and fit into the company's culture.

"I hear people comparing two candidates of different genders, and both the candidates can be of the same caliber, and interview the same way, but be described differently," one woman told the outlet.

Three months after the report's publication, a group of former employees launched their lawsuit against the company, USA Today reported.

With $80 million of their $100 million settlement going to former and current employees, the remaining $20 million will be used for legal fees and other expenses, Riot Games said in a statement.

"While we're proud of how far we've come since 2018, we must also take responsibility for the past," the company said in part on Tuesday, following the agreement.

"We hope that this settlement properly acknowledges those who had negative experiences at Riot and demonstrates our desire to lead by example in bringing more accountability and equality to the games industry," Riot Games' statement continued.

According to the New York Times, it originally appeared the company would pay a $10 million settlement, but the DFEH and Division of Labor Standards Enforcement agencies intervened in 2020 and argued the company should pay over $400 million.

Riot Games is owned by Tencent, the Chinese Internet-based platform company.

Some Minneapolis workers, including snowplow drivers, could go on strike

After IUOE Local 49 voted down the city's latest deal, the door was open for a strike on Tuesday.



Author: Devin Ramey
KARE 11
Updated: December 28, 2021

MINNEAPOLIS — A local charter of a construction worker union announced that the union, including some snowplow drivers, could soon go on strike if a deal can't be reached between them and the city of Minneapolis.

On Sunday night, members of the International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE) Local 49 voted down the city's last contract offer and filed an intent to strike with the Minnesota Bureau of Mediation Services.

A union spokesperson told KARE 11 Monday morning that the workers would not go on strike on Tuesday as originally planned. The union now has meetings set with the city for Jan. 5 and the Minneapolis Airports Commission on Jan. 11.

The IUOE clarified Monday afternoon that the union filed the intent to strike two weeks ago and its members will vote again on a deal with the city on Jan. 5 and no strikes will happen before then.

The charter represents more than 110 equipment operators and mechanics in the city. The workers help build and maintain everything from water treatment plants to the roads and traffic lights, including plowing the roads of snow.

The union said in a statement that, "Our members, in conjunction with other frontline workers, deliver the services necessary for Minneapolis to function."

IUOE Local 49 Business Manager Jason George said that the union's members stayed on the job during a global pandemic and civil strife and ongoing negotiations is about respect for those workers.

“We are evaluating our options to ensure our members get the respect they have earned," he said in a press release.

IUOE Local 49 members who work for the Minneapolis Airports Commission also voted last week to authorize a strike, which could begin as soon as Jan. 25.

"While management was working from home, our members were on the job, ensuring the airport stayed open and running. Management needs to step up and deliver fair compensation for their employees," the union wrote.

On Tuesday, the Minneapolis Airports Commission released the following statement:

“The Metropolitan Airports Commission continues to negotiate in good faith with the International Union of Operating Engineers Local 49, and we are confident we can reach an agreement. While the union’s news release indicates members’ pay was frozen early in the pandemic, the fact is that members received a 3 percent pay increase.

We look forward to continuing discussions with union representatives during mediation meetings on January 11.”

The International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE) Local 49 was founded in 1927 and the charter ranges from Minnesota to the Dakotas. The union represents more than 14,000 workers, mainly in the construction industry.


 

Extreme cold weather hits Western Canada with the temperature falling below -51° Celsius | 


WION

Dec 29, 2021

A cold war in a hotter world: Canada's intelligence sector confronts climate change

Canada needs to 'step up' its intelligence 'game' to prepare

for climate change, says former adviser to PM

Migrants take shelter along the Del Rio International Bridge on Sept. 19, 2021. This fall, the U.S. government warned that tens of millions of people are likely to be displaced by 2050 because of climate change — including roughly 143 million people in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. (Adrees Latif/Reuters)

Our planet is changing. So is our journalism. This story is part of a CBC News initiative entitled Our Changing Planet to show and explain the effects of climate change and what is being done about it.


Since its birth during the Cold War, Canada's spy agency has occupied itself with three primary threats: terrorism, espionage and foreign interference in domestic politics and business.

Now, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service is pointing to a disruptive new player on the field: climate change.

CSIS says it's trying to get a handle on how climate change will disrupt national security. It has even acknowledged that effort publicly — something intelligence agencies rarely do.

"This is something that will absolutely have profound impacts on Canadians and it will have impacts on our national security. I think it's important that we are going to be in that space," Tricia Geddes, deputy director for policy at CSIS, told an intelligence conference last month.

  • Have questions about climate science, policy or politics? Email us: ask@cbc.ca. Your input helps inform our coverage.

"I obviously think this is another one of those big shifts that's obviously been happening for a long time, that we're on the watch for, and I think there will be a significant contribution from the service." 

Vincent Rigby, who was until recently Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's national security adviser, said climate change is a cumulative threat. A single mudslide doesn't make a national security crisis — but floods and slides increasing in severity over time due to the warming climate could threaten the security of the entire country.

"[Extreme weather events are] becoming not just more widespread, but the impact is quite, quite, quite damaging and quite, quite, quite severe. That does start to have national security implications," he said.

"It's a threat to our economy. It's a threat to our social fabric to a certain extent, and it's a threat to how we deploy our resources."

Climate change is also likely to drive geopolitical instability and mass migration.

This fall, the U.S. government warned that tens of millions of people are likely to be displaced by 2050 because of climate change — roughly 143 million people in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America alone.

The vulnerabilities that are in our society are clearly being exposed by more extreme weather, and we're not prepared for it.- Prof. Simon Dalby

"As time goes on, you'll see greater disagreements, greater conflicts, potentially over water resources, for example," said Rigby, now a senior fellow with the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies.

"We're already seeing that in countries like Ethiopia and Egypt, that are having disagreements. But this could get even worse, I think, as we head into the future."

Arctic concerns 

There are dangers in the Arctic as well, he said, with geopolitical rivals seeking to control the region's resources as the ice retreats. Russia's reactivation of its northern Cold War-era bases, coupled with China's clear interest in the region, could be creating the conditions for great power confrontation.

In March 2020, the Russians deployed three ultra-quiet nuclear subs to simultaneously break through the Arctic ice at the same location — a demonstration that set the defence community on edge.

"You will have greater competition over minerals, over oil and gas, over fishing. Countries like China are increasingly interested in the region. Russia obviously is seeing opportunities as well," Rigby said.

"As that competition potentially heats up, countries will want to protect their perceived rights and their interests."

Geddes said the spy agency must invest in understanding all of those elements by, among other things, hiring its own climate experts.

Three Russian nuclear submarines broke through several feet of Arctic ice at the same time in March of 2020. (Russian Defence Ministry)

"Those are important pieces of the puzzle for us to put together in order to be able to understand where those threats are going to emanate from," she said.

"That's something the service needs to continue to invest in ... anticipating the next threat and then properly understanding that environment."

The Communications Security Establishment, Canada's electronic spy agency, said it too has a role to play with "constantly evolving intelligence requirements."

"We continue to provide the government of Canada with the most comprehensive information available related to Canada's intelligence priorities, directly furthering Canadian safety, security, and prosperity," said spokesperson Evan Koronewski.

"As climate change continues to have a global impact, our intelligence and strategic insights will continue to be valued by government partners and senior decision-makers."

Simon Dalby is a professor of geography and environmental studies at Wilfrid Laurier University who researches the intersection of climate change, environmental security and geopolitics. He said Canada's national security strategy is badly in need of an update to take climate change into account.

"The vulnerabilities that are in our society are clearly being exposed by more extreme weather, and we're not prepared for it," he said.

"We're in a situation where we need to rethink quite dramatically, looking at both our vulnerabilities in terms of climate change, but also thinking long and hard about what kind of an economy we build that no longer makes us vulnerable."

Canada 'scrambling,' says prof

Earlier this month, the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) think tank released a report calling on Ottawa to re-think its approach to national security in order to address emerging threats.

It recommends that the federal government establish a new cabinet committee on national security, chaired by the prime minister, which would have input from the public safety, defence and global affairs departments.

"It's the kind of long-term planning that we clearly need to be doing rather than just scrambling every time there's an emergency because we simply keep getting caught not prepared," said Dalby, who is cited in the CIGI report.

To the south, the U.S. director of national intelligence issued an assessment on climate change in October that concluded it "will increasingly exacerbate risks to U.S. national security interests as the physical impacts increase and geopolitical tensions mount about how to respond to the challenge."

Military members arrive in Princeton, B.C. on Wednesday, November 24, 2021 to help cope with the aftermath of extreme flooding. The increasing severity of floods across the country could have national security implications. (Maggie MacPherson/CBC)

That warning was part of a series of documents issued by the U.S. National Security Council and the departments of homeland security and defence. It was the first time American federal security agencies came together to warn policymakers about the security implications of climate change.

Rigby said Canada's intelligence community needs to "step up [its] game" on assessing the danger presented by climate change, both in the short and long term.

"When we think of our intelligence agencies, we often think of spooks working in the shadows and people in trenchcoats looking around the corner of buildings and those sorts of things," he said. "The fact of the matter is that modern day intelligence is very much analysis and assessment, using open sources and looking at broad trends over the horizon, long distance.

"I'm not sure we're doing enough of that in Canada right now."

With files from Murray Brewster and the Canadian Press