Israel-Palestine war: Strike on ancient Gaza church devastates Christian community

At least 18 killed by raid on annex of 1,600-year-old church sheltering Palestinians from Israeli bombing

Palestinian Christians at the Greek Orthodox Saint Porphyrius Church after it was damaged by an Israeli strike, 20 October (Reuters)

By Aseel Mousa in al-Maghazi camp, occupied Palestine
Published date: 20 October 2023

For several days, the oldest church in the Gaza Strip has hosted Palestinians hoping to find shelter from relentless Israeli bombing.

But on Thursday night, an air strike on the site in Gaza City killed at least 18 of them and left the coastal enclave's Christian community distraught.

Israel hit a church-run social services building adjacent to the main part of the 1,600-year-old Church of Saint Porphyrius with two strikes, according to an witness.

“Most of Gaza’s Christians have sought refuge in churches because they have nowhere else to go,” the witness, who did not want to be named for security reasons, told Middle East Eye. “We were surprised. We did not receive a warning to evacuate.”

“We don’t have internet. We only have electricity when we turn on the generator for two hours when we need to pump water from the well and fill our tanks,” he added.

Around 400 Christians and Muslims forcibly displaced from their homes by Israel’s relentless bombing campaign over the past two weeks were sheltering in the church.

At least 18 people were killed, according to the Palestinian health ministry. Many others are still missing.

The social services building was one of the four buildings belonging to the church complex. The Israeli military said it was striking a military command centre, and part of the church was damaged.

Hostilities began on 7 October, when Palestinian fighters stormed Israeli communities near the Gaza Strip, killing around 1,400 Israelis.

In response, the Israeli military has waged a ferocious bombing campaign, killing more than 4,200 Palestinians and forcing hundreds of thousands to flee the coastal enclave's north.

'What have the Christians done?'

The Church of Saint Porphyrius is the oldest still in use in Gaza, serving the roughly 1,000 Palestinian Christians in the enclave.

It was originally built in 425 CE and named after Saint Porphyrius, the fifth century bishop of Gaza who is credited with bringing Christianity to the city. He is buried in the northeastern corner of the building.

The church was converted into a mosque in the seventh century, before Crusader forces restored it as a church in the mid-12th century.

Its striking half-domed roof and entrances supported by marble columns make it one of the most iconic buildings in Gaza.

“The church is 2,000 years old and the Israelis struck it,” a survivor at the scene told local media. “There were no weapons in the church, it was sheltering children.”

“The whole building collapsed to the ground. We aren’t able to pull people from under the rubble,” said another man at a nearby hospital treating the wounded.

“Are these the Israelis’ list of targets? The Christians have nothing to do with any of this. What have the Christians done?”

“Enough, enough, by God we are tired,” he added, after tearing his T-shirt in exasperation.

Palestinians search the destroyed annex of the Greek Orthodox Saint Porphyrius Church in Gaza City on 20 October (AFP)

Last week, the church took to Facebook to address false social rumours that the church had been attacked.

But Thursday night's attack was not the first time Israel targeted the church while civilians were seeking sanctuary.

During the 2014 Gaza war, Israeli shelling partially damaged the building as 2,000 people (mostly women and children) slept in the courtyards and corridors there.

On Friday, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem issued a strong condemnation of the Israeli attack.

'Are these the Israelis’ list of targets? The Christians have nothing to do with any of this'

It said: "Targeting churches and their institutions, along with the shelters they provide to protect innocent citizens, especially children and women who have lost their homes due to Israeli airstrikes on residential areas over the past 13 days, constitutes a war crime that cannot be ignored."

Ramzi Khoury, head of the Higher Committee for Church Affairs in Palestine, described the bombing as part of Israel’s "intentions to annihilate the Palestinian people".

"Targeting places of worship constitutes a war crime, and international law makes it clear that houses of worship may under no circumstances be subjected to attacks," he said.

Israel-Palestine war: A quick history of Christianity in Gaza


The faith took root in Gaza at its inception and it is home to some of the oldest Christian sites in the world


A woman prays at the Saint Porphyrius Church in January 2023

 (AFP/Mahmud Hams)

By Shafik Mandhai
Published date: 20 October 2023

Israel’s attack on the fifth-century Church of Saint Porphyrius in Gaza has turned the spotlight on the besieged Palestinian enclave’s Christian population.

At least 18 people were killed in the bombing on a social services annex in the church's complex of buildings. Both Muslims and Christians took shelter within its walls hoping that its historical and religious importance would spare it the carnage that has affected other areas of Gaza.

As part of historic Palestine it is impossible to disconnect the history of Palestinian Christians in Gaza from those who share their faith in the occupied West Bank, Jerusalem and within the Palestinian community in Israel.

The region is the birthplace of Christianity and the location of many of the events of the Old and New Testaments of the Bible.

Palestinian Christians in Gaza, like other Palestinians there, do not see themselves as detached from the wider Palestinian nation.

Nevertheless, there is a unique Christian history specific to Gaza. While just over a thousand Christians remain in Gaza, the territory holds a special significance in the development of the faith.

The region is referred to by name in the New Testament in Acts 8, which refers to Philip the Evangelist baptising a man from Ethiopia on the road between Jerusalem and Gaza.

“Now an angel of the Lord spoke to Philip, saying, ‘Arise and go toward the south along the road which goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza.’ This is a desert,” the verse reads.

There are also several historic Christian sites that are not only important locally but carry importance for Christians generally.

The site of the Israeli attack on Thursday evening, the Saint Porphyrius Church, is one of the most important religious sites in Palestine.

Gaza's hidden heritage: Five historic sites in the besieged Palestinian territory

Read More »

Named after a fifth-century bishop, the site is one of the oldest surviving places of worship in the region and one of the oldest churches in the world.

The church was initially built in 425 CE and then later reconstructed by Crusaders in the 12th century, with much of the present structure dating back to that period.

Another major Christian site in Gaza is the nearby and even older Tell Umm Amer monastery.

The fourth-century structure, which now lies mainly in ruins, once included churches, a baptism hall, a cemetery and crypt.

It served as a place of worship for those travelling between Egypt and the lands of the Levant, including Palestine and Syria.

The site is notable for being the birthplace of Saint Hilarion, a fourth-century Palestinian monk, who helped pioneer monasticism.
The spread of Christianity

The presence of these early churches and monasteries, as well as the Biblical reference, indicate that Christianity in Gaza took root in tandem with the development of the faith in the region.

But widespread adoption of the faith did not take place until the fifth century.

According to the scholar Nicole Belayche, the strength of pagan cults in Gaza before the fifth century is “indisputable”.

In her essay in the book Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity, she writes that when Porphyrius was ordained bishop of Gaza, the Christian population stood at “less than three hundred in a population estimated at between 20,000 and 25,000”.

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Gaza’s mass conversion to Christianity started in the fifth century under the auspices of the Byzantine Empire, the successor to the Eastern Roman Empire.

“It was a hard process, one requiring recourse to imperial intervention,” she writes.

Initial reluctance was overcome by the efforts of holy men, such as Porphyrius, and incorporation of indigenous ritual into church rites, Belayche explains.

While Christianity was widely adopted by the end of the sixth century, it was not long before there was a new dominant religion.

In his book History of the City of Gaza, the late 19th century Jewish-American scholar Martin A Meyer writes: “The new faith had barely sufficient time to establish itself before Islam swept it away from this part of the world forever.”

Meyer’s statement is hyperbolic but touches on the truth that over the centuries that followed the Arab conquest, much of the region’s population converted to Islam.

There still remained a small Christian minority in the area of Gaza, which survived for centuries and enjoyed a brief flourishing under Crusader rule in the 12th century.
Modern Christianity

Like their fellow Palestinians, many of the region’s Christians were forced from their homes during the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948.

As a result, the Christian population of Gaza has dwindled further over the decades, a trend that has continued after the Nakba.

According to the Guardian, there were 6,000 Palestinian Christians in Gaza in the mid-1960s and that number has fallen to 1,100 today.

Most Christians in the besieged region today follow the Greek Orthodox Church, while minorities follow the Baptist and Catholic churches.

Since the Israeli siege of Gaza began in 2007, Christians have faced similar restrictions on movement as their Muslim neighbours have to live under.

Cut off from larger Christian communities in the West Bank and Jerusalem, members of the faith require Israeli permits to travel to those areas for religious occasions.

In 2021, Israel issued permits for around half of the Palestinian Christian population in Gaza to attend Christmas services.

Such rights to attend rituals are by no means guaranteed, as evidenced by Israel’s decision to cancel 700 permits for Christians in Gaza to attend Easter services in Jerusalem.

Israel similarly rejected permit applications for 260 Palestinians in Gaza wanting to spend Christmas outside of the territory, either in the occupied West Bank or elsewhere.

Despite their small number, Churches in Gaza have regularly opened their doors to adherents of any faith to seek shelter during times of conflict, in the hope that houses of worship will not be attacked by Israel.

Such hopes may fade fast after the most recent Israeli attack on the Church of Saint Porphyrius.