Sunday, April 05, 2026

IRAN

The Risible Big Lie of Two Weeks to A Nuke


This is part 8 in a series.   Read part 1 and part 2 and part 3 and part 4 and part 5 and part 6 and part 7.

by  | Apr 3, 2026 | 

At the end of the day, 47-years worth of Washington’s feckless attacks on Iran and now the Donald’s Mother of all Stupidity boil down to a single fraudulent injunction from the amen chorus on the Potomac: Iran can’t have a (nuclear) bomb!

That’s the sum and substance of the matter because self-evidently there is no other even plausible basis for labeling Iran a military threat to the homeland territory of the USA. Even before the Donald’s Iranian Demolition Derby, it had no blue water navy, long range bombers or even missiles that could make one-fifth of the 10,000 kilometer trip form Tehran to Washington DC.

Also, as we showed in Part 7, its flyspeck of an economy is at best 3% of America’s GDP. You don’t erect a credible, sustainable military threat to the Pentagon’s $1.0 trillion per year armada on a pint-sized GDP. Full stop.

So we needs tear apart limb for limb the quarter-century long Big Lie perpetuated by Washington neocons and Israeli propagandists. Namely, their endlessly repeated claim that Iran is “months away” or “weeks away” from building a nuclear weapon, and therefore extreme measures are necessary to preclude it.

Indeed, this blatantly untruthful narrative is mainly what accounts for Washington’s decades of often brutal economic sanctions on Iran, as well as threats of military strikes, including Israel’s long-running irregular warfare of assassination and economic sabotage.

With respect to the latter, for instance, upwards of 100 Iranian nuclear scientists, engineers and government officials have been assassinated by Israel during the last two decades, capped off by the Donald’s own take-out of the IRGC Quds Force chief, Qasem Soleimani, in January 2020. The justification for these recurrent killings was the alleged urgent need to derail Iran’s purported sprint toward getting a nuke.

Yet the evidence tells a far different story. It pivots from a clear US intelligence assessment in November 2007 (and continues through repeated verification) that Iran has not pursued an active nuclear weaponization program.

That was the conclusion of the U.S. intelligence community—including all 16 intelligence agencies—via a crucial National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iran. This 2007 NIE stated with “high confidence” that Iran had had a small, secret research program on nuclear weaponization but abandoned it in 2003:

“We judge with high confidence that in fall 2003, Tehran halted its nuclear weapons program… Tehran’s decision to halt its nuclear weapons program suggests it is less determined to develop nuclear weapons than we have been judging since 2005.”
— U.S. National Intelligence Estimate, “Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities,” November 2007

In major part, the 2007 NIE was aimed at debunking a 2002 Israeli propaganda offensive suggesting the opposite – that Iran was close to weaponization. But much of that information came from the Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK), an Iranian dissident group with a long history of providing fabricated or exaggerated claims to Western governments. This included a major role in providing the false intelligence about what turned out to be Saddam Hussein’s non-existent WMDs.

Later investigations, in fact, showed that many of the supposed Iranian documents sourced from the MEK were either planted or heavily edited. So the crucial 2007 NIE effectively debunked the most alarmist of these Israeli claims.

Moreover, a few years after the MEK documents were circulated, Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, issued a fatwa declaring just the opposite – namely, that production, stockpiling, and use of nuclear weapons is forbidden under Islamic law. This 2005 edict was reaffirmed multiple times thereafter. Western analysts who have studied Khamenei’s writings and speeches describe the fatwa as genuine and consistent with his religious worldview.

Moreover, under Iran’s velayat-e faqih system (“Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist”), the Supreme Leader’s word is the highest authority on both religious and state matters. Officials had routinely invoked the Ayatollah’s fatwa against nuclear weapons in diplomatic negotiations, IAEA meetings, parliamentary speeches, UN addresses, and media interviews in exactly the same way they referenced his other fatwas or directives on economics, culture, or foreign policy.

Former President Hassan Rouhani explicitly stated that the Ayatollah’s nuclear weapons fatwa was—

“….more important for us than the NPT and the additional protocol. It is more important to us than any law”.

In short, the Ayatollah’s fatwa against nuclear weapons had long been awarded strong and consistent public deference by Iranian officials and has never been publicly reversed. Of course, three weeks ago Bibi Netanyahu chose to assassinate him anyway, presumably owing Bibi’s superior knowledge that it was all a ruse.

From the US side, however, not so much. At least back in the day US officials operated on the presumption that the Ayatollah’s fatwa was Iranian state policy.

President George W. Bush–no wallflower when it came to starting foreign wars— later admitted as much in his memoir “Decision Points”. Therein he confessed that he had been ready to order military strikes on Iran’s nuclear sites much like the Donald’s bunker buster campaign of this past June, but had been stopped cold by the November 2007 NIE.

Bush wrote that the report “pulled the rug out from under” any immediate military option. The intelligence community’s conclusion that weaponization had stopped in 2003, he candidly admitted, forced the administration to ground the B-2s. As he explained,

“…….The NIE didn’t just undermine diplomacy. It also tied my hands on the military side. There were many reasons I was concerned about undertaking a military strike on Iran, including its uncertain effectiveness and the serious problems it would create for Iraq’s fragile young democracy. But after the NIE, how could I possibly explain using the military to destroy the nuclear facilities of a country the intelligence community said had no active nuclear weapons program?”

Thereafter, Iran continued uranium enrichment up to fuel grades levels (< 4%) for its large nuclear power plant at Bushehr. These were levels far below what is needed for a bomb (90%+ purity) and was done in a manner generally consistent with its obligations as a signatory of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Agreement (NPT).

During this period (2007 to 2015) Iran’s enrichment activities included a small volume (360 Kgs) of 20 percent medical grade material, but the stockpile remained small and was under IAEA monitoring all the while.

According to subsequent intelligence community findings there was no credible evidence of any resumed weaponization wok at Iranian facilities, either overt or covert. Accordingly, diplomatic efforts intensified during the Obama Administration, culminating in the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).

Under the JCPOA Iran agreed to dispose under IEA supervision more than 98 percent of its enriched uranium stockpile of about 9,000 kilograms, even though the overwhelming bulk of it (@8,630 Kg) was fully legal <4% reactor fuel grade material.

Beyond that, it also agree to dismantle two-thirds of its centrifuges and convert its Fordow facility to research only. In return, economic sanctions were to be lifted and thereafter the IAEA was authorized to conduct the most intrusive inspection regime ever applied to any country.

Needless to say, Bibi Netanyahu was having none of it. For reason of domestic politics and maintenance of his fragile multi-party coalition of just over 60 votes in the Knesset, he need the “Far Enemy” front and center, and always on the verge of have a nuke and presenting an existential threat to Israel.

Thus, in the eve of the completion of the JCPOA, Netanyahu’s minions on the banks of the Potomac arranged for him to speak to a joint session of the US Congress on March 3, 2015 where he denounced the Obama deal in strident terms before the ink was hardly dry on the deal:

“This deal will not prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons.
It will all but guarantee that Iran gets those weapons.
It doesn’t block Iran’s path to the bomb; it paves Iran’s path to the bomb.”

From 2016 through early 2018, however, the IAEA issued 12 consecutive reports verifying that Iran had no diversion of nuclear material and no undeclared activities. Enrichment stayed at 3.67 percent — the level needed for civilian power reactors. Stockpiles remained within agreed limits. Iran kept its side of the bargain.

Nevertheless, on May 8, 2018 President Trump withdrew the United States from the JCPOA. He reimposed the full suite of sanctions that had been lifted, plus new ones targeting oil sales, banking, and shipping. This so-called “maximum pressure” campaign aimed to force Iran back to the table on harsher terms.

But here’s the thing. Iran had actually adhered to both the letter and spirit of the Obama deal and thereby had put its civilian enrichment program under a system of airtight international safeguards monitored by the IAEA.

At the time, of course, the neocons and Netanyahu megaphones made the shrill argument that the JCPOA was another case of a Munich-style appeasement that would only guarantee Iran’s pathway to the bomb. In truth, however, unlike Hitler at Munich who got most of what he wanted, the Iranians at Lausanne (where the Obama deal was negotiated) gave up almost all of what they had.

That is, they made huge concessions on nearly every issue that makes a difference. This included the number of permitted centrifuges at Natanz, the status of the Fordow and Arak facilities, the disposition of their enriched uranium stockpiles, the intrusiveness and scope of the inspections regime and on braking mechanisms with respect Iran’s so-called “breakout” capacity.

While every signatory of the non-proliferation treaty has the right to civilian enrichment, Iran had agreed to reduce the number of centrifuges by 70% from 20,000 to 6,000 and actually did so after the deal took effect. Moreover, its effective enrichment capacity had been reduced by significantly more because the remaining Natanz centrifuges consisted exclusively of its most rudimentary, outdated equipment – slow, low-yielding first-generation IR-1 knockoffs of 1970s European models.

The disposition of the heavy water reactor at Arak is even more dispositive. For years, the War Party had falsely waved the bloody shirt of “plutonium” because the civilian nuclear reactor being built there was of Canadian “heavy water” design rather than GE or Westinghouse “light water” model; and, accordingly, when finished it would have generated plutonium as a waste product rather than conventional spent nuclear fuel rods.

In truth, the Iranians couldn’t have bombed a beehive with the Arak plutonium because you need a reprocessing plant to convert it into bomb grade material. Needless to say, Iran had no such plant, no plan to build one, and no prospect for getting the requisite technology and equipment on the international market.

But even that bogeyman was dispatched by the nuke deal. The latter required Iran to destroy or export the heavy water reactor core of its existing plant and replace it with a core that cannot produce material which can be reprocessed into weapons grade plutonium. All of these requirements were subject to rigorous international inspection and, in fact, were complied with before Trump cancelled the deal.

As to its already existing enriched uranium stock piles, including some 20% medical-grade material, 97% of this material was to be disposed of, and that requirement was complied with, too. Iran ended up with only 300 kilograms of fuel-grade material out of its 10,000 kilogram stockpile.

As it happened, that was an amount that could have been readily stored in the Donald’s wine cellar at Mar-o-Lago. And, in fact, that’s all Iran had at the time of Trump’s cancellation of the JCPOA, according to IAEA reports.

The deal’s real clincher, however, had been Iran’s agreement to what amounted to a 20-year cradle-to-grave inspection regime encompassing the entire nuclear fuel chain. International inspectors were allowed to visit Iran’s uranium mines and milling and fuel preparation operations, its enrichment equipment manufacturing and fabrication plants and the storage facilities for its centrifuge rotors and bellows production.

Beyond that, Iran had also agreed to and had complied with a robust program of inspections to prevent smuggling of materials into the country to illicit sites outside of the framework facilities. That encompassed imports of nuclear fuel cycle equipment and materials, including so-called “dual use” items which are essentially civilian imports that could be repurposed to nuclear uses, even peaceful domestic power generation.

In short, not even a Houdini could have secretly broken-out of the box contained in the JCPOA agreement and then confronted the world with some kind of fait accompli threat to use the bomb.

To do so would have required diversion of thousands of tons of domestically produced or imported uranium and the illicit milling and upgrading of such material at secret fuel preparation plants. It would also have involved the secret construction of new, hidden enrichment operations of such massive scale that they could house more than 10,000 new centrifuges and the building of these massive spinning arrays from components smuggled into the country and transported to remote enrichment operations undetected by the massive complex of spy satellites overhead and covert US and Israeli intelligence agency operatives on the ground in Iran.

Finally, it would have required the activation from scratch of a weaponization program which has been dormant according to the US National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) for more than a decade. And then, that the Iranian regime – after cobbling together one or two bombs without testing them or their launch vehicles – would nevertheless have been willing to threaten to use them sight unseen.

In short, the case against the JCPOA was rampant hogwash. It’s only purpose was to kill the deal so that Bibi Netanyahu would again be in a position of wave the bloody shirt of an Iranian nuke for purposes of domestic politics and keeping his Washington servitors on a short leash!

Still, you needed to be a raging, certifiable, paranoid boob to believe that the Iranians could have broken out of the JCPOA control box based on a secret new capacity to enrich the requisite fissile material and make a bomb. And you also needed to believe that Iran is run by absolutely irrational, suicidal madmen.

After all, even if they managed to defy the immensely prohibitive constraints described above as well as all the engineering challenges involved in weaponize an actual bomb with 90% + enriched uranium that didn’t get them all that far, anyway. After all, even if the Iranians got a few nuclear bombs, what in the world would they do with them?

Drop them on Tel Aviv? That would absolutely insure Israel’s navy and air force would unleash its 200 nukes and thereby incinerate the entire industrial base and major population centers of Iran.

At the end of the day, the idea that deterrence would have failed even if the Iranian regime were to defy all the odds, and also defy the fatwa against nuclear weapons issued by its own Supreme Leader, amounted to one of the most preposterous Big Lies ever concocted.

The truth is, there never was a plausible or rational basis for the Donald’s bombastic claim that the Obama nuke deal was fatally flawed. So in cancelling the deal, what Trump really did was embrace the immense tissue of lies beneath the unwarranted demonization of Iran that Bibi Netanyahu and the Empire Firsters on the banks of the Potomac had fabricated over the course of three decades.

In any event, subsequent to the Donald’s foolish cancellation of the JCPOA in May 2018 Iran responded by gradually increasing enrichment levels as bargaining leverage for an expected new round of negotiations. Even then, it continued to allow IAEA inspectors access and publicly stated it would return to full compliance if the U.S. rejoined the deal.

Accordingly, the U.S. National Intelligence Estimates after 2018 continued to assess that Iran was not actively pursuing weaponization. The 2019, 2020, and subsequent NIEs all repeated the core finding: To wit, Iran had not restarted the program halted in 2003. The intelligence community’s position remained unchanged even as enrichment levels rose.

For instance, an unclassified July 2023 report under the Biden Administration again attested that—

Unclassified ODNI Report on Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Capability (July 2023 edition): “Iran is not currently undertaking the key nuclear weapons-development activities that would be necessary to produce a testable nuclear device…”

Finally, as recently as March 2025 Trump’s own Director of National Intelligence, Tulsi Gabbard, testified before Congress that Iran still did not have a nuclear weaponization program. She stated the assessment was based on the latest all-source intelligence and that no new evidence had emerged contradicting the long-standing conclusion. Her testimony was direct and unambiguous.

Weeks later, Gabbard’s deputy, Joe Kent, a former CIA officer, essentially confirmed the same point in a public hearing. He noted that while Iran had accumulated more enriched material, theweaponization infrastructure and design work remained dormant.

Needless to say, even the small 420 kilogram (kg) stockpile of 60% enriched uranium (out of total stocks of about 9,000 kg) that the International Atomic Energy Agency says Iran had at the time of the subsequent June bombing had been produced for bargaining chip purposes in the context of the negotiations with the Trump Administration then underway.

As a NPT (nonproliferation treaty) signatory and operator of the aformentioned 3,000 megawatt civilian nuclear reactor at Bushehr, Iran was allowed to have the 7,582 kilograms of civilian reactor grade enriched uranium that the IAEA also certified last spring, as well as the 1,257 kilograms of medical grade uranium (20%).

What was really up for debate was just the 409 kilograms of 60% enriched material in its possession that could be spun to 90% weapons grade in a relatively short time.

But for crying out loud, it is goddamn obvious to anyone not looking for an excuse for war that Iran had produced this material as of last June as a bargaining chip. That is, in order to get a new nuke deal with Washington to replace the one the Donald himself unilaterally cancelled in 2018, and thereby pave the way for lifting the brutal and demented economic sanctions that Washington has again imposed on Iran.

IAEA Report On Iran’s Enriched Uranium Stockpiles As Of May 2025

The proof of the bargaining chip pudding could not be more evident in the graph below. During the 10-year run-up to the 2015 nuke deal with the Obama Administration, the Iranians increased their enriched uranium stock piles to just slightly below the current level, to about 9,000 kilograms. But in an almost mirror image of the present, fully 96% of that amount was fuel-grade material at <4%, with about 350 kilograms of that material enriched to the 20% purity level for medical grade uses.

That is to say, most of the 2015 stockpile was generated as a bargaining chip, and that was exactly its fate. Upon activation of the JCPOA in 2015, all of the 20% material was destroyed as certified by the IAEA.

At the same time, the total stockpile of civilian grade material was also reduced by 97% to de minimis working levels, as further certified by the IAEA. Indeed, Iran ended up retaining only 300 kilograms of its 9,000 kilogram stockpile – an amount that could have been readily stored in the Donald’s wine cellar at Mar-a-Lago.

As mentioned above, however, the Donald had recklessly canceled the deal in May 2018 on the grounds that it had to be a bad deal by definition because he didn’t negotiate it!

Of course, that foolish move only caused the Iranians to restart the stockpiling process yet again, as is so explicitly depicted by the green line in the graph below.

The irony, therefore, is that after the Donald’s feckless June 2025 bombing campaign the Iranians likely had close to 100% of the 9,248 kilograms (including the 409 Kg of 60% material) held before June still in tact.

That’s based on pretty convincing satellite photos showing that all of the Donald’s amateur “art of the deal” head fakery last June about “two weeks to decide” before the actual the bombing runs enabled the Iranians to drive trucks up to the Nantanz and Fordow facilities and remove the stockpiles to safe sites elsewhere.

Stated differently, Obama negotiated the Iran enriched stockpile to down by about 97%, while the Donald bombed roughly the same level of stockpile from 9,000+ kilograms to, well @ 9,000 kilograms!

And yet and yet. The “obliterated” material was neither illegal, even remotely anything like a real nuke and likely not obliterated, either. Yet the 9,247 Kg of enriched uranium, and especially the 409 Kg of 60% material has became just the latest iteration of the flat-out Big Lie that Netanyahu has been telling for decades.

Indeed, for want of doubt here is but a smattering of Bibi’s endless lying about Iran’s purported “imminent” nuclear bomb threat. And yet it is on the basis of this rote lie that the Donald has loaned out America’s war machine to one of the most demented warmongers on the planet today.

  • 1992 (Knesset address as MP): “Within three to five years, we can assume that Iran will become autonomous in its ability to develop and produce a nuclear bomb.”
  • 1995 (in his book Fighting Terrorism): Iran would have a nuclear weapon in “three to five years.”
  • 1996 (address to joint session of U.S. Congress): “The deadline for attaining this goal [nuclear weapons] is getting extremely close.”
  • 2009 (to U.S. congressional delegations, per WikiLeaks cables): Iran was “probably one or two years away” from developing weapons capability / “Iran has the capability now to make one bomb… they could wait and make several bombs in a year or two.”
  • Early 2012 (closed talks with Israeli officials, reported by Israeli media): Iran is just “a few months away” from attaining nuclear capabilities.
  • September 16, 2012 (U.S. television interviews): Iran is “6-7 months” from nuclear bomb capability.
  • September 27, 2012 (UN General Assembly speech):
    “By next spring, at most by next summer… they will have finished the medium enrichment and move on to the final stage. From there, it’s only a few months, possibly a few weeks before they get enough enriched uranium for the first bomb.”
    “Before Iran gets to a point where it’s a few months away or a few weeks away from amassing enough enriched uranium to make a nuclear weapon.”
  • March 3, 2015 (address to joint session of U.S. Congress):
    “With this massive capacity, Iran could make the fuel for an entire nuclear arsenal and this in a matter of weeks, once it makes that decision.”
    “The foremost sponsor of global terrorism could be weeks away from having enough enriched uranium for an entire arsenal of nuclear weapons and this with full international legitimacy.”
    (He also noted Iran’s breakout time under the proposed deal would be “very short – about a year by U.S. assessment, even shorter by Israel’s,” but stressed post-deal risks of rapid weaponization via existing infrastructure.)
  • June 2025 (public statement amid Israeli strikes on Iran): “If not stopped, Iran could produce a nuclear weapon in a very short time. It could be a year. It could be within a few months.”

Indeed, the Netanyahu’s imminent bomb lie never stops reincarnating. In the days before the Trump/Netanyahu Saturday morning attacks, the US and Iran were in productive discussion—during which the Iranian negotiator had explained to Witcoff and Jared Kushner that the 400 Kg of 60% material could be made into approximately 10 nukes based on the math of bomb engineering.

Their point, of course, is that like in 2015 they were willing to give up the entirely of the 400 Kg plus most of the 8,838 Kg of fuel grade and medical grade material in return for a comprehensive deal and the lifting of the harsh economic sanction. That offer, in fact, has been verified by both British and IAEA representative in the meetings as well as the Oman foreign minister who had been the chief intermediary.

Unfortunately, the Donald’s negotiators in the persons of his son-in-law and NYC real estate developer apparently missed the point entirely. The construed it as a threat to make 10 bombs with a matter of weeks, which is absolute baloney that anyone with a modicum of technical knowledge would recognize.

The fact is, enrichment from 60% to 90% is the easy part – its just requires running the centrifuges for another week or two. The hard part is the engineering steps need to build a functional nuclear weapon from this 90% material, which requires sophisticated design work, precise machining of the core, reliable detonators, and a delivery system that can survive re-entry or other stresses.

None of that work is underway, according to every U.S. intelligence assessment, and hasn’t been for more than two decades!

Even if Iran suddenly decided to dash for a weapon, it would still need years to master the engineering, conduct computer simulations (since actual testing is detectable), and integrate the device with a missile. The 2003 halt in weaponization means Iran lacks the institutional knowledge and facilities that were shut down long ago.

Still, the 25-year myth persists because it serves multiple political purposes. It justifies sanctions, unites allies against a common foe, distracts from the Palestinian issue and keeps Bibi’s unruly coalition in the Knesset busy tilting at the wholly confected claim that the Far Enemy is on the verge of having a “nuke”.

Yet the intelligence record is remarkably consistent: Iran had a limited weaponization research effort that it abandoned in 2003 and has not restarted. Enrichment levels have risen and fallen as diplomatic leverage, but the weapon program itself remains frozen.

So to summarize: Every time the “imminent bomb” clock has been reset, the predicted deadline has passed without a weapon. The pattern has repeated since the early 1990s. The 2007 NIE was the clearest public confirmation of that reality. Subsequent IAEA reports, U.S. intelligence assessments, and even admissions from former presidents all point in the same direction.

Iran is not now and never has been a nuclear threshold state in the sense of being months from a bomb. It possesses the scientific knowledge to build one if it chose to, but it has deliberately refrained from crossing that line. The 400 kilograms of 60-percent material is leverage, not a warhead in waiting. Until intelligence agencies report resumed weaponization activity, the myth remains exactly that — a risible Big Lie sustained by politics rather than evidence.

In all, we are now on the cusp of a conflagration in the Persian Gulf that could result in $150 oil and $5 gasoline any day now. But also it could also generate a thundering collapse of this year’s global grain harvests due huge fertilizer shortages emanating from the Persian Gulf blockage, as well as a breakdown of global semi-conductor and manufacturing supply chains for want of helium – one-third of the supply of which is ordinarily produced in the Persian Gulf natural gas processing plants.

And yet and yet. The entire impending disaster us owing to a groundless, risible Big Lie that has been promoted for decades by Bibi Netanyahu and his neocon fifth column on the banks of the Potomac. That’s surely a war crime of biblical proportion, as it were.

David Stockman was a two-term Congressman from Michigan. He was also the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under President Ronald Reagan. After leaving the White House, Stockman had a 20-year career on Wall Street. He’s the author of three books, The Triumph of Politics: Why the Reagan Revolution FailedThe Great Deformation: The Corruption of Capitalism in America, TRUMPED! A Nation on the Brink of Ruin… And How to Bring It Back, and the recently released Great Money Bubble: Protect Yourself From The Coming Inflation Storm. He also is founder of David Stockman’s Contra Corner and David Stockman’s Bubble Finance Trader.

Iran warns US-Israeli strikes on nuclear sites risk radioactive fallout across region

Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi warns in letter to UN secretary-general, UN Security

 Council, UN nuclear watchdog head that continued strikes on Iran's nuclear infrastructure pose serious environmental and humanitarian risks

Mohammad Sio |05.04.2026 - TRT/AA



ISTANBUL

Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi warned Saturday that US-Israeli attacks on the country’s nuclear facilities could expose the entire region to radioactive contamination, calling for urgent international action.

In a letter to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, members of the Security Council, and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director-General Rafael Grossi, Araghchi said continued strikes on Iran’s nuclear infrastructure pose serious environmental and human risks.

“These illegal attacks expose the entire region to a serious risk of radioactive contamination, which could have grave consequences for human health and the environment, and therefore must not be ignored,” he said in the letter, according to the IRNA news agency.

Araghchi said the attacks have targeted facilities under international safeguards, including the Bushehr nuclear power plant, which he described as dedicated solely to peaceful purposes and operating under the IAEA supervision.

He accused the US and Israel of repeatedly striking Iran’s nuclear infrastructure in recent months while criticizing international bodies for failing to respond.

“In less than nine months, the United States … and Israel … have launched two aggressive wars against the Islamic Republic of Iran,” he said.

Araghchi said the lack of condemnation by the UN and the IAEA has emboldened further attacks.

He also warned that statements by US officials suggesting nuclear facilities could be targeted, including the Bushehr plant, have heightened concerns.

“Now, high-ranking US officials, who have described international humanitarian law as ‘folly,’ have dared to declare that nuclear facilities are among their targets. The US Permanent Mission to the United Nations has publicly stated that attacks on the Bushehr nuclear power plant are "not out of the question,” he said.

The minister listed multiple reported strikes on nuclear-related sites since late February, including:

On March 1, Iran’s Natanz nuclear facility was hit in two separate attacks;

• On March 17, a building located about 350 meters from the Bushehr nuclear power plant was struck;

• On March 21, several points within the Natanz nuclear facility were bombed;

• On March 24, a projectile hit the vicinity of the Bushehr nuclear power plant;

• On March 27, the Bushehr nuclear power plant was attacked for a third time;

• On March 27, the Khondab heavy water production plant was struck;

• On March 27, the Shahid Ahmadi Roshan uranium processing site was bombed.

He said repeated strikes near the operational Bushehr plant were particularly alarming.

“The proximity of these attacks to an operating nuclear facility creates an intolerable situation and poses a serious risk of radioactive leakage,” he said.

Earlier in the day, US and Israeli strikes hit Iran's Bushehr nuclear plant, killing one person.

The attack came as regional tensions have escalated since the US and Israel launched a joint offensive on Iran on Feb. 28, killing over 1,340 people to date, including then-Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.

Tehran has retaliated with drone and missile strikes targeting Israel, as well as Jordan, Iraq, and Gulf countries hosting US military assets.
German researchers set right the story of a 9,000-year-old shaman's grave


April 4, 2026
NPR
Heard on All Things Considered
By
Rob Schmitz
Avery Keatley

When a 9,000 year-old grave of a shaman was discovered in Nazi Germany, the discovery was quickly politicized to support Nazi propaganda. But new analysis shows that initial narrative was all wrong.

ROB SCHMITZ, HOST:

This next story has Nazis. It's got an archaeological dig.

(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "INDIANA JONES AND THE LAST CRUSADE")

HARRISON FORD: (As Indiana Jones) That belongs in a museum.

SCHMITZ: And no, it's not about "Indiana Jones." It actually predates the Ark of the Covenant by thousands of years. And bonus, there's a shaman involved. We start our quest in the eastern German city of Halle...

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: (Speaking German).

SCHMITZ: ...Where a tram takes me to the steps of the State Museum of Prehistory. Above its massive wooden doors, carved into the castle-like facade are the words unserer vorzeit, our distant past.

(Speaking German).

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking German).

SCHMITZ: (Speaking German).

Inside, I'm taken to museum archaeologist Oliver Dietrich, and he leads me to the subject of the museum's newest exhibition, the remains of a human from the Mesolithic period, the era of hunters and gatherers. Very few graves like this one have been discovered in Europe.

SCHMITZ: So...

OLIVER DIETRICH: You can call me Oliver.

SCHMITZ: Can I call you Oliver? OK. So Oliver, one of the surprising things I'm finding when I look at this after reading about it...


DIETRICH: Yeah.


SCHMITZ: ...Is I'm surprised at how intact the skeleton is...


DIETRICH: Yes.


SCHMITZ: ...For being 9,000 years old. This looks like a complete skeleton.

DIETRICH: This is basically a complete skeleton, so we have had a lot of luck, and it's not least due to a very impressive grave construction.

SCHMITZ: An elaborate grave discovered in 1934 when a construction crew was digging to build pipes for a spa garden. The crew called this museum. It sent an archaeologist to the site, and they told him he had 3 hours to dig out what he could. Dietrich shows me a series of graphics chronicling the dig.

DIETRICH: He digs into the earth like this. He sees that the skull is here, yeah? And he just wants to get the skull out, digs around here. He sees the skull.

SCHMITZ: Poor guy has, like, 3 hours to do all of this.

DIETRICH: Exactly - starts excavating in the site, which we wouldn't do today - yeah - because - very, very wrong.

SCHMITZ: After breaking nearly every excavation rule in the book, he brought the remains back to the museum, where even more archaeological rules were broken thanks to who was in power.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

ADOLF HITLER: (Speaking German).

SCHMITZ: The National Socialists, otherwise known as the Nazis, were a year into their rule under Adolf Hitler, who delivered speeches like this one, which promoted the idea of a Germanic master race


(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)



HITLER: (Speaking German).



(CHEERING)



SCHMITZ: Archaeologists were a big part of Hitler's nationbuilding propaganda program, and they were looking for evidence that Aryans came from Germany. And that's why the Nazis sent their archaeologists to this museum. They quickly declared these remains, which were likely those of a member of Europe's Indo-European ancestors, to be, instead, those of an Aryan man from the Neolithic period.



DIETRICH: They were looking for Germanic ancestors, and they would have liked them to come from Scandinavia. So with Indo-Europeans, they come from India, probably. It's not so nice for National Socialists. So...



SCHMITZ: So then the archaeologists who then interpreted this find, who are under Nazi influence, basically said, OK, this is most likely a man. He was blonde-haired, blue-eyed...



DIETRICH: Yes.



SCHMITZ: ...Aryan, 100% Aryan.



DIETRICH: Exactly.



SCHMITZ: In the years after World War II, archaeologists reviewed the remains and corrected the Nazis. First, this was not a man. Then in the 1970s, they used radiocarbon dating that concluded the remains were 9,000 years old, dating back to the hunter-and-gatherer Mesolithic, not the agrarian Neolithic period. And then, most recently, they conducted a DNA test.



DIETRICH: And genetics can tell you exactly how she looks like. So she is not a white Aryan man. She's a dark-skinned colored woman. So it's exactly the contrary from everything the National Socialists wanted her to be.



SCHMITZ: The Nazis were wrong.



DIETRICH: They were wrong.



SCHMITZ: And this dark-skinned, dark-haired, light-eyed woman, says Dietrich, was a woman with status. She was a shaman. Dietrich and I stand in front of a glass case. Surrounding her skeleton are various objects, which were part of her costume, starting with a skull cap made of deer antlers.



DIETRICH: So she wore a mask, an ornate, which was made up of different things. We have these boar tusks. They were worn, like...



SCHMITZ: Oh, yeah.



DIETRICH: ...On the breast...



SCHMITZ: OK.



DIETRICH: Like - yeah. And then we have all kind of teeth. And they were also part of her shaman's costume.



SCHMITZ: Part of this exhibit also has 200-year-old shaman costumes from Siberia that have the exact same element - a shaman tradition spanning at least nine millennia of human history. But this shaman, says Dietrich, was a little different.



DIETRICH: There was a notch at the base of her skull, and the two vertebrae below were misformed. So they were not like they should be in - like they are in our bodies.



SCHMITZ: Dietrich and the museum's team of archaeologists say, these two deformities suggest that when she tilted her head back, a key artery was pinched, cutting off blood to her brain, inducing a rapid-eye movement called nystagmus and possibly inducing hallucinations.



DIETRICH: The shaman enters in the state of trance, of altered consciousness, and when he comes back, he can say, spirits talked to me, and this is a solution to our problem. So that's most probably what she did.



SCHMITZ: ll with a simple tilt of her head. It was like a superpower. Dietrich calls it a trick, and it suggests that it gave this shaman a lot of status. In fact, at the shaman's grave site along the Saale River, Dietrich's team have found offerings of deer skullcaps and other elaborate arrangements of animal bones that date back to at least 600 years after her death.



So she's almost like a figure that is revered to the point of almost being worshiped.



DIETRICH: Yeah, she is a venerated ancestor, I would say.



SCHMITZ: OK.



DIETRICH: And maybe we are at the brink of an ancestor cult here. Yeah, that's really something that changes in this time, because hunter-gatherers - they have their shamans, and they are remembered, but they are not remembered that long.



SCHMITZ: Dietrich says, at the time the last offerings were left for her, the world was changing. Humans were roaming less and settling near reliable food sources. The first signs of agriculture and then written language emerged soon after this period. But what's clear from his team's discoveries, he says, is that stories of this shaman were passed from generation to generation over several centuries, an oral tradition that was lost and then piece by piece rediscovered, interpreted for political gain and reinterpreted using science - an oral tradition that continues with this very story.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)


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ICE wanted to build a detention centre - this small farming town said no


Madeline Halpert
BBC
Social Circle, Georgia

Getty Images
A proposed detention centre would triple the population of Social Circle, Georgia

For months, two neighbours, Democrat Gareth Fenley and conservative John Miller, have been united in the same daily mission.

Each morning the two get into their cars and drive several miles down the farm-lined roads of their small Georgia town to an empty one-million square-foot gray warehouse.

On arrival, they search meticulously for signs of construction, breathing a sigh of relief each time the massive property appears untouched.

The sprawling industrial warehouse, which the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) bought in February, is part of a $38.3bn (£29bn) plan to open up dozens of immigration detention centres across the US.

Those plans have faced fierce opposition, not just in Democratic communities, but in conservative towns like Social Circle, which overwhelmingly supported Donald Trump in the last election - including his campaign promise to deport millions of undocumented immigrants.

"People have different reasons for aligning with the exact same message," Fenley said.

 "That message is: 'Detention centre, not welcome here.'"


Residents from both parties push back against detention center

Many who support the president's immigration policies are concerned the facility would starve the small town of critical resources by tripling its population, turning a place once known for its quaint Blue Willow Inn buffet restaurant into a prison town.

In March, those concerns led City Manager Eric Taylor to shut off the water in the warehouse, a move that made this one-stoplight town the unlikely face of resistance to the administration's plans.

"If you open up that water meter, it gives them full access to the entire supply of the whole city," Taylor told the BBC. "I can't let that happen without knowing what the ultimate impact is going to be."

Now those plans for a 10,000-person detention centre appear to be on hold.

The department also signalled that it is pausing plans to buy more warehouses like the one in Social Circle - though the fate of facilities it already has spent millions on remains unclear. DHS did not directly respond to a comment from the BBC about Social Circle's facility.

"As with any transition, we are reviewing agency policies and proposals," a statement from the department said.

DHS cancelled a scheduled meeting about the Social Circle warehouse because it was planning a "department review of processes" under new leadership, Taylor said.

Residents are cautiously optimistic.

"We're anxious to see what happens out of this review. They have already pulled the trigger on it. They have already bought the building, so there's going to be some effects no matter what's done or not done," Miller said.

"We're still whispering up the chain as much as we can to make sure that if they are indeed reviewing it, we can give input."

Reuters


'We don't have the capacity'

In the centre of Social Circle is a replica of a well, a nod to the origins of the town, which was established in 1832. According to a plaque, a group of men sitting around a well enjoying "their usual drink" invited a passing stranger to join them. "This is surely a social circle," the stranger replied.

Nearly 200 years later, Social Circle's wells are at the heart of residents' fight against ICE. They say the town's water system - which serves 5,000 people - has had problems for decades, and the ICE facility would require much more than the fragile system could provide.

Taylor, the city manager, said the town has a permit to pull only one million gallons of water each day from the Alcovy River, south of the town, and during the summer, the town uses about 800,000 gallons at least. ICE has said the facility on its own will require one million gallons a day.

Taylor told the agency as soon as an application for water service was filed that he was not going to turn it on, he said.

"I told them at that time that there was a lock on the water meter, and it was there until we had a better understanding of what the impact was going to be on our water."

John Miller's horse farm is across from the proposed detention centre

Miller, whose 50-acre grassy horse farm sits just across the road from the Social Circle warehouse, said officials had not done due diligence on selected locations.

"It's the same story over and over," he said. "Communities weren't informed. They weren't consulted."

"I understand the why, but I just don't understand how they're handling it."

Miller said federal officials have floated several solutions, including either digging a well on the warehouse property or trucking in a million gallons of water a day.

But the father of seven said drilling new wells could take away from the well he uses to nourish his horses, chickens, barn cats and dogs.

Bringing in gallons of water on Social Circle's two-lane roads poses problems too. "That's six or seven trucks every hour, 24 hours a day," Miller said.

DHS did not directly respond to a list of questions from the BBC inquiring about how it would address the water supply.

Taylor also worries about the town's old sewage systems, established in 1962 and in need of replacement for 20 years, he said.

"Where's the sewage supposed to go?" he asked. "We don't have the capacity to support a million gallons of sewer coming off that site."
A country-wide fight against ICE plans

Residents in Social Circle have been waging their battle against the ICE facility ever since they found out, in a Washington Post report last December, that the warehouse was one of 23 sites earmarked to become detention centres.

They quickly appealed to the government and their federal representatives, arguing they did not have resources for the facility - but ICE still purchased it in February for nearly $130m - more than four times its initial estimated worth.

Since then, Miller, Fenley and others have led the charge to slow the project, holding protests and meetings with hundreds of concerned residents. Georgia's Democratic Senator Raphael Warnock visited the facility, and his office participated in a briefing with ICE officials, but "many questions remain unanswered", a spokesperson said.

Other communities who have been tapped for similar projects also have fought back.

In Michigan last week, the state sued to block DHS from converting a warehouse into an ICE facility in Romulus, arguing it was too close to residential neighbourhoods and schools and posed a flooding risk. New Jersey and Maryland also sued to halt ICE projects, while residents in Merrimack, New Hampshire, successfully lobbied elected officials to stop a facility in town.

Gareth Fenley, a Democrat, says she is worried about the human-rights issues that a detention centre could bring to the town

For some Social Circle residents, their opposition is not only a question of resources, but of human rights.

Fenley said she and other Democrats in town were concerned about having people "warehoused in a place that was not built for human habitation".

She worries about reports of people being abused in detention centres. At least 13 immigrants died in ICE custody from January 2026 through early March, according to ICE, while civil rights groups have said immigrants are being subjected to unsafe conditions such as a lack of food, overcrowding and medical neglect.

Others raised alarms not only for those inside the facility, but the community around it.

"We have one high school, one zip code, one grocery store, one stoplight. And we are going to triple the size of our town," said Valerie Walthart, who works on a veterinary farm down the road from Miller. "We're going to be overwhelmed."

Walthart added that as a mother, she was concerned about safety, with a detention facility perched just a five-minute drive from the local elementary school.

"It's unnerving," Joy Coker, a mother of three in the area, said of the warehouse's location.



'Georgia's greatest little detention centre'

Social Circle's Republican Representative Mike Collins also publicly opposed the ICE project.

"Although I am aligned with the mission of ICE to detain and deport the criminal illegal aliens who have flooded across our border due to Joe Biden's reckless policies, I agree with the community that Social Circle does not have the sufficient resources that this facility would require," he wrote.

Rick Cook, a resident of neighbouring Monroe, said he wasn't in favour of the facility, but believed the US had to clamp down on illegal immigration. He said he and others in his Social Circle church hoped to provide religious counseling to immigrants held in the facility.

"It's going to be what it's going to be, and we're going to try to find the ways to make the best with whatever happens," he said.

To Steven Williford, the owner of a cattle farm in Social Circle who voted for Trump, ICE is a "necessary evil". But he couldn't believe the news when he learned the detention centre was coming to his hometown.

"I just thought it was crazy to put something like that in this community, with no forethought, no prior authorisation, not even asking the community," he said.

"I'm all for doing what's best for the country, but is it best for this community?" he added. "That's the question."

Miller said he understood why some would be confused by the Republican town's reaction. He said detention facilities were necessary to detain people so they could be guaranteed due process.

"You can't say that it's something that's needed and then not be somewhat willing to allow a facility to be there," he said.

But, he said, realistically, no community wants such a facility tarnishing the reputation of their town.

"I miss the days we were known for the Blue Willow Inn," he said, referencing the famous buffet restaurant that closed during Covid, once visited by celebrities including actress Helen Mirren.

"Now," he said, "we're going to be known as Georgia's greatest little detention centre."

EPA

Some residents had been hoping that a change in federal leadership would put the warehouse plans on pause. Trump fired his Homeland Secretary Kristi Noem at the beginning of March, after backlash for the administration's immigration crackdown in Minneapolis earlier this year, when federal agents shot dead two US citizens.



The president nominated Senator Markwayne Mullin to take her place, which was followed by DHS signalling it may be rethinking its plans.

In its statement to the BBC, DHS referenced remarks from Mullin's confirmation hearing:

"We got to protect the homeland and we're going to do that, but obviously we want to work with community leaders," he said in March. "We want to be good partners."

Some residents are worried about the safety of having 10,000 detainees move into their town

Social Circle's facility was originally slated to open in April, but work appears to have stalled. The agency has yet to award a contract for the warehouse or begin the massive construction needed to convert the bare warehouse into a sprawling court facility, complete with holding areas, gyms and recreational spaces, court facilities, cafeterias and even a gun range.

Residents have been thrilled about the potential pause, including Walthart, who said the decision gives locals "a little time to breathe, since we wake up nearly every day wondering if today will be the day the trucks start rolling in".

"We can enjoy our small town life," she said, "for at least a little while longer, we hope."