The 4,000-year-old Linear Elamite script from what is now Iran has long eluded archaeologists hoping to unlock the secrets of a near-forgotten age. French archaeologist François Desset's work on deciphering the writing system now has some comparing him to Jean-François Champollion, the famed philologist who deciphered ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.
Issued on: 28/04/2026 -
By: FRANCE 24
An Archaemenian clay tablet written in the Elamite scripts is shown at Iran's National Museum in Tehran, May 1, 2004. © Behrouz Mahri, AFP
While a modern-day war has focused the world's attention on Iran, for French archaeologist François Desset it was a millennia-old mystery that drew him to the country.
His quest: to decipher the 4,000-year-old writing system of Linear Elamite that had long been considered impossible to crack.
"Of all the writing systems used in Iran, the only one that is truly local – developed within the territory we now call Iran – is Linear Elamite," the 43-year-old told AFP, at his office at Belgium's University of Liege.
"All the others – cuneiform, the Arabic alphabet, or the Greek alphabet – were imported from the west."
Desset's fascination with the subject was sparked in 2006 when he participated in excavations in the south of Iran that unearthed tablets written in Linear Elamite.
Made up of 77 signs – diamonds, curves, and other geometric patterns – the writing system comes from the Bronze Age civilisation of Elam that long ago vanished from the region.
While a modern-day war has focused the world's attention on Iran, for French archaeologist François Desset it was a millennia-old mystery that drew him to the country.
His quest: to decipher the 4,000-year-old writing system of Linear Elamite that had long been considered impossible to crack.
"Of all the writing systems used in Iran, the only one that is truly local – developed within the territory we now call Iran – is Linear Elamite," the 43-year-old told AFP, at his office at Belgium's University of Liege.
"All the others – cuneiform, the Arabic alphabet, or the Greek alphabet – were imported from the west."
Desset's fascination with the subject was sparked in 2006 when he participated in excavations in the south of Iran that unearthed tablets written in Linear Elamite.
Made up of 77 signs – diamonds, curves, and other geometric patterns – the writing system comes from the Bronze Age civilisation of Elam that long ago vanished from the region.
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PERSPECTIVE © FRANCE 24
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Rediscovered in 1903 by a French mission exploring the archaeological site of Susa, it had stumped experts who only had a handful of sources to work with.
For years after his "first physical encounter", Desset struggled in vain to make a breakthrough.
"There were so many dead ends," he said.
That changed though when he gained access to vases covered in the writing that were held by the Mahboubian collection in London, named after a family of Iranians living in exile.
"I was able to access ten new texts, and the key was in them," he recounted.
"The key to deciphering a script, as is so often the case, lies in proper names: names of places, gods, kings."
For years after his "first physical encounter", Desset struggled in vain to make a breakthrough.
"There were so many dead ends," he said.
That changed though when he gained access to vases covered in the writing that were held by the Mahboubian collection in London, named after a family of Iranians living in exile.
"I was able to access ten new texts, and the key was in them," he recounted.
"The key to deciphering a script, as is so often the case, lies in proper names: names of places, gods, kings."
'Shilhaha'
Desset's work has seen him likened to Jean-François Champollion, the famed French philologist who deciphered ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs at the start of the 19th century.
"What did it for Champollion, was the names of rulers, Ptolemy, Cleopatra ... He identified the symbols that recorded the names of their names," Desset explained.
"My Ptolemy was a ruler named Shilhaha, who reigned around 1950 BC."
In a sequence of four symbols, he noticed that the last two were identical, a repetition that corresponded to the ending of the name "Shilhaha".
Following that breakthrough, Desset now has been able to work on 45 inscriptions.
Now with the expertise he has gained he wants to go back even further and start to work on tablets written in proto-Elamite, "some of the oldest written sources in the world".
But while Desset's research takes him back thousands of years in time, the dramas of the present conflict are inescapable.
At a time when US President Donald Trump has threatened send Iran "back to the Stone Ages", Desset hopes that his work can help highlight the country's long and rich cultural history.
"I hope that this work will have a positive impact on Iranian culture and identity once things have returned to normal," he said.
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