The Yezedi

Then said the Mighty Lord, "O Angels, I will create Adam and Eve, and will make them human beings, and from them two shall arise, out of the loins of Adam, Shehr ibn Jebr; and from him shall arise a single people on the earth, the people of 'Azazel, to wit of Ta'us Melek, which is the Yezidi people. Then I shall send Sheikh 'Adi b. Musafir from the land of Syria, and he shall come and dwell in Lalesh".Meshaf Resh: The Black Book

Lucifer as the rebel angel is the historical underpining meme of heresy in all the Abrahamic based religions. Today we will look at the Yezedi, who it is claimed are most ancient of the pre-Judeaic, pre-Christian, cults dedicated to the worship of Lucifer. Originally they were an Aryan fire religion, not unlike Zororastrianism with which they share a common belief in duality. In order to survive the advent of the Abrahamic religions domination of the region they became a syncretic religion when their religious tenants were revised under the influence of Sheik Adi.

The Yezidi worship Malak Tawus, or "Peacock Angel," aka Lucifer. However, Lucifer is viewed differently from the Christian Lucifer, or devil. Yezidis see him as the chief archangel and creator of the material world. The Yezidi religion is centered in the village of Lalish in northern Iraq's Ninawah Province.

Towers of Lalish




Lalish: the Kurds´ hidden treasure in northern Iraq

Yezidi couple

Safe in the Kurdish haven of northern Iraq, but still only 50 km north of war-torn Mosul, lies Lalish, the Yezidi Kurds´ holiest shrine. Visiting this particular site, tantamount to the Catholics´ Vatican or Muslims’ Mecca, had become an obsession since I first came across Yezidi Kurds back in the summer of 2004. I met them in their Yailas (summer encampments) on the slopes of Mt. Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak, which consisted of a handful of green Soviet Army tents, one for each family, where they spend the summer with their cattle. Despite the temperature climbing above 40 celsius down in Yerevan, the animals were grazing Armenia's freshest pastures between snow patches; a remarkable example of the so called "Vertical Nomadism". Like most Armenian Kurds, these shepherds were Yezidi too, descendants of those who had left the hilly north of Iraq several centuries ago escaping from the Arabs’ oppression. They shared their cheese and their knowledge about their religion with me, and it was they who first pointed me in the direction of Lalish.

Summer of 2005 in Northern Iraq wasn't as cool nor as peaceful as on Mount Aragats. Crossing the border from Turkey at Silopi had taken me a whole day filling out various documents, queuing under the sun and answering lots of questions on the Kurdish side. Anyhow, the city of Dohuk was the perfect place to stay for a few days to get familiarized with the local customs, and moreover, to arrange a visit to the shrine at the Lalish Centre, the meeting point of yezidies in Dohuk.

The Yezedi whose name is spelled variously; Yazedi, Isadi, Yezidi, Yazidi (by Wikipedia) represent a link to ancient Aryan cults from Persia, Assyria and also a link to the pre Abrahamic religions in the region; both Mandeanism and Manichaeism.

In the case of Mandeanism they have been mistakenly associated with the Sabean-Mandean cult which also exists in Iraq today.

Yazidi

Middle Eastern religion, a syncretic combination of Zoroastrian, Manichaean, Jewish, Nestorian Christian, and Islamic elements. Its adherents, numbering fewer than 100,000, are found in Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Armenia, the Caucasus, and Iran. Most speak Kurdish. They believe that they were created separately from the rest of humankind and segregate themselves from the rest of society. In Yazidi belief, seven angels, subordinate to a supreme but uninvolved God, rule the universe. The belief that God restored the Devil to his position as chief of the angels upon the Devil's repentance has earned the Yazidi an undeserved reputation as Devil worshipers. Their chief saint is Sheikh 'Adi, a 12th-century Muslim mystic. Their name derives from Yazid I (c. 645–683), from whose supporters they may be descended.

Yezidis are a largely Kurdish sect, named after their supposed founder Yezid, the second Umayyad Caliph. The Yezidi revere the Prophet Mohammed and the Sufi mystic Adi Musafir, a descendent of the Umayyad Caliphs. Adi is credited with writing many of the Yezidi Holy texts and is most likely to be the originator of the faith. Islamic writings mention the Yezidis as early as the fourteenth century, but some scholars link them to Mithraism, Zoroastrianism, and even ancient Iraqi Buzzard worshipping sects. Yesidis, who refer to themselves as Dasin, believe they originated with Adam, the first man.

YEZIDIS

The Yezidi never wear the colour blue. They are not allowed to eat lettuce. They do not believe in heaven or hell -- instead they believe in reincarnation, which they call the soul "changing its clothes".

Claims that they originated in Zororastrianism are contested, and in fact it does appear historically that they are a religion that existed far earlier than the fire worshippers of Persia with whom they are often confused with.

The earliest references to the Yezedi were published in the 18oo's. Several by Christian missionaries;

In 1846, a British explorer named Austen Layard braved the unknown to see these vanishing people, the Yezidi, and to learn about their love of the Peacock Angel, Malek Taus. He was greeted by the Yezidi leader and a host of priests and villagers adorned in their beautiful native dress... and so his quest to learn about their mystical, angelican ways took on some fruit...

Discoveries At Nineveh by Austen Henry Layard, Esq., D.C.L.
A Popular Account of Discoveries at Nineveh. Austen Henry Layard. J. C. Derby.
New York. 1854.

An Inquiry into the Religious Tenets of the Yezeedees
by George Percy Badger [1852]

The Assyrian Origin of Devil Worshippers
W. Francis Ainsworth, 1861

The Assyrian Origin of the Izedis or Yezidis-the So-Called "Devil Worshippers"
W. Francis Ainsworth
Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London, Vol. 1, 1861 (1861), pp. 11-44

And some things never change. The Yezedi continue to defy being labeled Devil Worshipers.

Gertrude Bell letters
Friday May 7. [7 May 1909] I am this evening the guest of the High Priest of the Devil Worshippers, Ali Beg. (They aren't really Devil Worshippers, you know, though unfriendly people have so named them.)

Friday May 7. [7 May 1909] Off at 6. 1850. At 7.5 we reached Avriva, at 7.30 Musaka, 8.50 Ishkaftad (all these lying along the foot of the hills). We passed a small Yezidi Mazar where the path goes up to Sheikh Adi just after Ishkaftad. The latter is a Kurdish Kochar village - they live here however in underground houses not in tents and there is a square masonry mosque.

Ancient Faith Is a Reminder of Iraq’s Diversity

Los Angeles Times, USA
Mar. 10, 2004
John Daniszewski, Times Staff Writer

A look of pain crosses the face of Sheik Ali Qawal Cholo, leader of the Yazidis in this village, when he is reminded of it all. No, he says wearily, the Yazidis don’t worship the devil. In fact, they do not even believe that there is a devil, as perceived by Christians and Muslims. And those other things, they are folk customs, not tenets of the religion, he adds

The most comprehensive study of the Yezedi from this era was done in 1919, and it is this text that influenced Anton Lavey the founder of the American Church of Satan in 1966.

Devil Worship: The Sacred Books and Traditions of the Yezidiz
by Isya Joseph [1919]

It is from this text that we get the propagandistic image of the Yezedi as Satanists, dualist worshipers of Lucifer.

Melek Taus "The Peacock Angel" is the Yazidis' name for the central figure of their faith.

As a branch of the Cult of Angels, Yezidism places a special emphasis on the angels. The name Yezidi is derived from the Old and Middle Iranic term yazata or yezad, for, “angel" rendering it to mean "angelicans." Among these angels, the Yezidis include also Lucifer, who is referred to as Malak Tawus ("Peacock Angel"). Far from being the prince of darkness and evil, Lucifer is of the same nature as other archangels, albeit with far more authority and power over worldly affairs. In fact, it is Malak Tawus who creates the material world using the dismembered pieces of the original cosmic egg, or pearl, in which the Spirit once resided.

In reality the Yezidi are a dualist gnostic sect, which became syncretic under the leadership of Sheik Adi. In fact several author's contend that they evolved into a Sufi sect under the influence of My Favorite Muslim; Al Hallaj.

DAVID ZEIDAN'S HOME PAGE

PEOPLE GROUPS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

The Yazidis are linked to the extreme Shi'a (Ghulat) sects and number worldwide some 300,000 people. The main group of 150,000 Yazidis live in the Jebel Sinjar mountain and the Shaikhan district of northwest Iraq. At least 50,000 Yazidis live in the former Soviet Union (Armenia and other Caucasus states). They were also to be found in South-East Turkey around Diyarbakir and Mardin (10,000) but most emigrated from there to Germany in the 80s. They also live in Syria in and around Aleppo (5,000), and in parts of Iran. An estimated 50,000 have emigrated to Western Europe, mainly to Germany, in search of asylum and employment.

The Yazidis call themselves Dawasi. They are called "Devil worshippers" by their Sunni neighbours, who considered them heretics and have cruelly persecuted them over the centuries. They are closely related to similar sects such as the Ahl-i-Haqq.

Who are the Yezidis ?

Yezidis called themselves “Êzdî/Êzîdî”, in Kurdish. Most Western scholars think that this name comes from the Ummayyad sovereign Yazîd b. Mu’âwiya (particularly hated by Shiits for he killed Husayn at Kerbelah !). But it could be come from the ancient Iranian world : “Yazata/Yazad” or divine being. Yezidis in general rather the last etymology. Some popular explanations says it is a contraction of “Ez da” that would mean “God created”. Some other terms are related to an islamic vocabulary. In certain hymns (kawls) the comlmunauty is called “Sinnat” (Sunna), Suhbatiyya (Friends). Other are related to old Kurdish tribes as Dasinî, Dâsin. The most important religious figure is the Angel Peacock, in arab “Tâ’ûs-e Malak” or “Malak Tâ’us”.

Shaikh Adi, Sufism and the Kurds

Yezidism is one of the denominations to be found in Kurdistan and amongst the Kurdish communities outside their homeland. To the best of my judgement, the figure of the Yezidi Kurds varies between 500,000 and 600,000. Their backbone lives in Iraqi Kurdistan (300,000), Armenia (60,000), Republic of Georgia (40,000), the Russian Federation (up to 30,000) and Syrian and Turkish parts of Kurdistan (15,000-20,000). The Yezidi population in Europe, chiefly in Germany, is around 50,000.

In the former Soviet Union, the major waves of Yezidi Kurds appeared in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They had left the Ottoman Empire and settled in Transcaucasia and, after the break-up of the USSR, in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, too. It should be noted that since the earliest contacts of the Yezidis with the Russian reality, there has always been a great interest towards the community by Russian intellectuals [10:515; 5:I,5-49; 56].

The majority of the Yezidi Kurds try to preserve their identity without over-politicising their demands. At present, various political and cultural circles proudly refer to Kurdish roots of Yezidism. Thus, from an underprivileged community the Yezidis have gradually acquired the prestigious role of 'genuine' representatives of Kurdishness.

Even though many Sufis influenced Adi b. Musafir and consequently the world outlook of the Yezidi Kurds, al-Hallaj has been assigned to one of the most expressive positions in their folklore and religious beliefs: he is represented in the capacity of one of those seven angels responsible for world matters.

I suggest two hypotheses: of al-Hallaj's impact on the life and conduct of Adi b. Musafir, and of links between the Kurdish-speaking community called the Khallajs and the descendants of al-Hallaj's followers. I also present my comments on Yezidi poetical stories about him, which have not been subjects of studies.

Yezidi Prophet, Trimorphic Christ or Hellenic Aion.
Traditional Motifs in the Yezidi

Mishabet of Ibrahim

Ms. Eszter Spät,

Ph.D. student at Central European University in Budapest

and author of the book The Yezedis.

Ever since the attention of European scholars and travelers was drawn to the mysterious Kurdish group of the Yezidis, the question of their origins, or rather the origin of their teachings and myths has exercised a great fascination. Some claimed to see in them the heirs of the Assyrians, other spoke of the Sabaeans or the cult of Semiramis, others again were convinced that they were simply a heretical Islamic sect.

The list of possible origins offered to the Yezidis would be too long to enumerate here. It is only recently that they have started to consider Yezidism as a religion of its own, an independent entity per se. Simultaneously with this shift in the perception of Yezidism, and the discovery that the core of their beliefs was based on a pre-Zoroastrian Western-Iranian mythology, Yezidis came to be seen as the “original Kurds” by the Kurdish national movement. While researchers laid less and less stress on the actual origin of the Yezidis, an interesting phenomenon has developed among Yezidis, that is the “original Kurds” themselves. In the name of this Kurdishness and originality, some younger, educated Yezidis, interested in their culture and religion, became ready to reject any element that may be assumed to have been adopted from another religion, as “non-Yezidi,” alien, spurious adaptation to placate the enemy, or even a forgery.

The origin and history of this motif helps us place the Yezidis within the cultural map that has its roots in the Hellenistic world of Late Antiquity. Hellenism, a blend of Greek and Oriental elements, was the cultural milieu in which the great Late Antique religions, Christianity, first Hellenic, then Rabbinic Judaism and Islam were born. This ancient cultural globalism is attracting the attention of researchers, who want to understand the common base of our seemingly divided contemporary cultures, more and more. As the recently established, international Center for Hellenic Traditions states in its founding letter: The Hellenic tradition is in the focus of interest not as merely a Greek-speaking culture nor as the “cradle of Western civilization” but as an integrative cultural factor... securing unity across various intellectual enterprises on the expanses of the vast oikumene throughout many centuries, cutting through religions and civilizations.”

The fact that Yezidis are among the inheritors of a common language spoken by the culture of Late Antiquity, and can even teach us about how Hellenistic ideas were transmitted and readapted in popular and oral milieu on the periphery, will hopefully raise more interest for the study of Yezidi religion, and perhaps even for Kurdology in general, in the future.

The Yezidi are still refered to as examples of Satanism today, when in fact they are of course Gnostic Dualists, when used as metaphors in controversial debates.

Intelligent Design Theory Supported by Satanism -

Satan worshippers like the intelligent design theory more than Christians

Do the supporters of the Intelligent Design theory realize that not only are they promoting the possibility of their Religious Superpower, but also promoting the possibility of an Arch Enemy- Satan and his Demons - and their anti-Jehovah theology being widely introduced as an Intelligent Design centered religion?

Satanism, as laid out by a prophet Sheik Adi in the 12th century, and Satanism, as laid out by Anton Lavey in 1966, is like comparing apples to oranges. Where as the Church of Satan is anti- Jehovah values and Satan is an icon not a being, the prophet Sheik Adi professed that Satan was a real being; and he is the rightful God.

The Austrian Cardinal Christoph Schoenborn has recently spoken to the world-wide news agency Reuters about the Intelligent Design Theory. He was quoted as saying, "The next step is to ask - which intelligence? As a believer, of course I think it is the intelligence of the Creator."

Mr. Bullock is straight forward in admitting his faith and the boundaries of science. "This is, I think, the essence of Cardinal Schoenborn's statement. That is, science can go so far as to say there is a designer. Indeed, Romans 1:18-20 makes this clear as well - nature alone shows the existence of God. But science cannot (at least at this time) go so far as to identify the actual designer. At that point one needs to look to other sources of knowledge. To the extent other forms of knowledge are reliable, they can be used as credible informers of reality. In my opinion, the Bible has proven reliable for this source of information, but others may disagree."

It has been said that this sect of Satanism should be asking, "Who created their assumed creator?" This question is of course, not scientific. But it is one that logically follows Cardinal Schoenborn's question of which creator. Thankfully, it is a question that science is not prepared or willing to answer.

The modern occultist most influenced by the Yezedi was not Anton Lavey, who only used their historical existence to justify his commercialization of Satanism.Rather the impact of the Yezidi and heretical Sufism like that of Al Hallaj had the greatest influence on Beelzebubs Grandson; G.I. Gurdjieff.

There have been attempts by Gurdjieff's followers to get in contact with the sources of his teaching and none more energetic than those of J.G. Bennett. Bennett writes about this in his book 'Gurdjieff Making a New World'. Of the places already mentioned Bennett visited Lalish (he calls it Sheik Adi, whose monument has a central place in Lalish). He also recalls that Gurdjieff had studied specially the Liturgy of St. Basil.

Paul Beidler - Remarkable Man

At the age of 17, Paul had gone with his archaeology class from the University of Pennsylvania into the mountains of Iraq and Turkey to study the Kurds. He was accepted as a serious student by the Yezidis, and was initiated into the mysteries of Sheik Adi, the ancestral spiritual head of the Yezedi order. He stayed for two years with the Yezedis to study them - from the inside out - and when he met Gurdjieff later in Paris, Gurdjieff was extremely interested in what the young Paul Beidler had learned about the Yezidis and their ideas.

Gurdjieffs mind games and his trickster character is not unlike that of the other practical joker of the 20th Century Occult revival; Aleister Crowley. Gurdjieff's Gnosticism also played with the dualistic paradox of the Devil, both Gudjief and Crowley shared a common spiritual disposition that challenged the standard understanding of black and white, good and evil, etc. making them both Devils Advocates. Not unlike the Yezedi, who also challenge the standard dualist religions of the Semitic and Arabic peoples.

The Yezedi are an Aryan religion, and as such are the true religion of the Kurds who are also Aryans, not Semitic or Arabic peoples. Thus their conflict in the region where they once dominated but are now a diaspora of the oppressed.

In a sense one could say that the Yezidi prophecy has been fulfilled, that the people of Lucifer are now bound to the material world they have helped create, bound hand and foot as a people because they abandoned their faith.

When the Kurds abandoned their Yezidi religion, they abandoned not only their Aryan faith but also their Aryan political and cultural domination of the region. The ideology of uniqueness, of Aryanism is one of the tenants of the Yezidi faith, thus they do not convert, they conquer. They are the chosen people.

The real fear of the Yezidi has nothing to do with devil worship but with the fact that theirs is a religion of Aryanism, of conquering and establishing their domination over the nomadic peoples of the region. Those peoples are now the People of the Book, the Bible, be they Jews, Muslims or Christians. They have defeated their Aryan conquerers, the Kurds, and have determined that they will never again rule in the region.

Thus the united front they share in opposing any form of Kurdistan nation, it would be a historic reminder that the region had once been dominated by the Kurds.

And interestingly it may be a reason why some right wingers from the far right and not so far right support the Kurds and have been interested in the Yezidi. They are after all white folks just like them.

A Yezidi Girl from Georgia

A final bit of speculation. Could the Knights Templars have come in contact with both the Yezidi and the Mandeans when they conquered the holy lands and lived there for over two hundred years. Could this have been the source of their supposed secret knowledge, contact with the last of the Gnostic heresies and could Baphomet have been a variation on Malak Tawus. Both share an androgynous dualist character being female and male.

See:

Heresy

Gnosis

Gnostic

Crowley

Lucifer

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Yezedi, Yezidi, Yazedi, Iazadi, Iraq, Turkey, Devil-worship, Lucefer, Peacock, Gnostic, heresy, Sheik Adi, Kurds, Kurdish, Kurdistan, Zororastrian, Gurdjieff, Crowley, Lavey, Satanism, heresy, Luciferian, Lucifer, Aryan, Fire religions,
Knights Templar, Malak Tawus, Baphomet,

Bulgarian Women Abused

Migrant Bulgarian women are being raped, abused and threatened with death in both Christian Europe and Islamic Countries.

Muslim Brotherhood hails lynching of innocent Bulgarian nurses

Raping and lynching in exotic Greece


There is a Bogomil Blog that has an online campaign for clemency for the Bulgarian Nurses and Palestinian Doctor sentenced to death in Libya.
America's newest lynching ally.

Free the Bulgarian nurses and the Palestinian doctor prisoners in Libya!

Of course the Bulgarians have always been subject to abuse since their country is the origin of the Bogomil heresy.

And this is the subtext of the persecution of Bulgarian women as 'filthy', 'disease carriers'. It is a prejudicial religious and cultural meme carried by Islam and Christianity because both confronted the Bogomil heresy in the Balkans.

Briefly, Bogomilism was both dualist and 'puritan'.
It was dualist in that it believed that Satan or Satanael, God's rebel elder son, was the creator of the universe. All matter therefore derives from an autonomous evil principle at war with God. Our bodies and their functions are unsanctified and cannot be sanctified. Satan made the body of man; the soul only was from God. It was puritan in that it rejected most of the dogmas and rites of the church as a human superstructure without the authority of Christ - an illusion which Satan has foisted on us. Thus typical Bogomil doctrine rejected all the Old Testament except the Psalms and retained of the New only Jesus's teachings in the Spirit. His whole human life, as partaking of matter, was necessarily mere appearance. Atonement and Redemption become meaningless if man, created not by God but by Satan, never fell. The Mother of God and the Cross are hateful debasements; the sacraments, including marriage, valueless; the Doctors of the church - false teachers. The doctrine of the Trinity was interpreted in various unorthodox ways. Their practice therefore was deceptively simple: prayer to God and to his true emanation, Jesus - especially the Lord's Prayer; non-involvement as far as possible in all the toils of matter, including sexual abstinence; the avoidance of wine and all food of living origin.

The medieval cemetery had about 110 of these large stone slabs, carved with various Bogomil motifs.

The most common figure on the gravestones is the big hand guy. He is carved with a crossbow behind one cocked arm and with a ring floating Tolkein-like over a grotesquely exaggerated upheld hand. His wears the gear of an armored knight.

The Bogomils (also called “Patarenes”) were the original all-Bosnian, indigenous high civilization. (More on the Bogomil Heresy). Consequently, current 21st Century Bosnian nationalism uses them as a symbol. Religiously the Bogamil culture is interesting. They were heretics persecuted by Rome. Pressure from the Catholic Church eventually aggravated the Bogomils to the point where they either capitulated to Catholicsim, or,more often, were so turned off by Catholicism that they left Christianity and converted in large quantities to Islam when the Ottomans came, forming the backbone today of who we think of as “The Bosnian Muslims”. Whatever. I just know I like their tomb carvings.

The origin of the Bogomils begins in the schismatic power struggles of the early Chrisitan Church State. The Bogomil and other gnostic sects were the origin of Protestantism, and the modern Anabaptist and Baptist movements. As with most religious movements they began as a protest against church and state doctrine and repression.

The now defunct Gnostic social-religious movement and doctrine originated in at the time of Peter I of Bulgaria (927-969) as a reaction of the state and clerical oppression. In spite of all measures of repression, it remained strong and popular until the fall of Bulgaria in the end of 14th century.

"From AD 830, the Armenian branch of the Paulician movement was centered on a village called Tondrak, hence the name Tondrakites. They attacked the feudal privileges of the Armenian barons, who united with the clergy in persecuting and suppressing them. The Tondrakites are hailed by modern Soviet historians as ancestors of present-day Communism; a tract purporting to be their manual of doctrine was published in 1898, under the title The Key of Truth. The Paulicians are also important for their influence on the development of Bogomilism in the Balkans, where there were important Armenian colonies, particularly in Bulgaria."

The cardinal point of the Paulician heresy is a distinction between the God who made and governs the material world and the God of heaven who created souls, who alone should be adored. They thought all matter bad. It seems therefore obvious to count them as one of the many neo-Manichaean sects, in spite of their own denial and that of modern writers.

The whole ecclesiastical hierarchy is bad, as also all Sacraments and ritual. They had a special aversion to monks. Their own organization consisted first of the founders of their sect in various places. These were apostles and prophets. They took new names after people mentioned by St. Paul, thus Constantine called himself Silvanus; apparently they claimned to be these persons come to life again. Under the apostles and prophets were "fellow-workers" (synechdemoi) who formed a council, and "notaries" (notarioi), who looked after the holy books and kept order at meetings. Their conventicles were called, not churches, but "prayer-houses" (proseuchai). They maintained that it was lawful to conceal or even deny their ideas for fear of persecution; many of them lived exteriorly as Catholics. Their ideal was a purely spiritual communion of faithful that should obliterate all distinctions of race. Their enemies accuse them constantly of gross immorality, even at their prayer-meetings. One of their chief leaders, Baanes, seems to have acquired as a recognized surname the epithet "filthy" (ho ryproz). They would recognize no other name for themselves than "Christians"; the Catholics were "Romans (Romaioi), that is, people who obey the Roman emperor, as the Monophysites called their opponents Melchites. Harnack sums them up as "dualistic Puritans and Individualists and as "an anti-hierarchic Christianity built up on the Gospel, and Apostle, with emphatic rejection of Catholic Christianity" (Dogmengeschichte, II 528).

The influence of the Bogomil heresy spread across Europe through out the Medieval period reaching France and even England.

In its most successful form it became associated with the Cathars of France. Who practiced a communist equality between people a sharing of those goods in common, and equality between men and women.

It is the Bogomil beliefs that create the confusion between pre-Christian and post Christian Gnosticism.

The Bogomils were without doubt the connecting link between the so-called heretical sects of the East and those of the West. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Bogomils were already known in the West as "Bulgari". In 1223 the Albigenses are declared to be the local Bougres.
The Bogomils spread westwards, and settled first in Serbia; but at the end of the 12th century the king of Serbia persecuted them and expelled them from the country. Large numbers took refuge in Bosnia, where they became known as Patareni. From there they moved to Italy and Hungary. In the 15th century the conquest of Hungary by the Turks ended the persecution of the Bogomils. It is claimed that a large number of the Bosnians accepted Islam. Few or no remnants of Bogomilism have survived in Bosnia.
The Bogomils disappeared because of persecution and the expansion of Islam, but elements of their ideas and folklore persisted for centuries in Slavic lands, and it is still an open question whether the reference Bulgari in Europe has associations of heresy.

BULGARIAN BOGOMIL

AND APOCRYPHAL IDEAS

IN MEDIEVAL ENGLISH CULTURE

This book will offer its readers an unusual trip in the medieval culture of Europe, following and proving as it does the conveyance of a large number of apocrypha and Bogomil literature to England. It is a well-known fact that Bogomilism, or haeresia Bulgarorum, spread all over Europe by branches like the Cathars, the Patarenes, the Poblicans (same Popelicani), the Begins, the Spirituals and even later offshoots. Until now, however, it was assumed - particularly by 20th century medieval studies - that the heresy reached England only occasionally, appearing in Oxford in 1162. The heretics were stigmatised and banished then and there is no other record of Cathar presence.

ACCORDING THE DUALISTS (BOGOMILS, CATHARS AND LOLLARDS) CHRIST FREES ALL SOULS FROM THE HELL

The photograph shows a miniature from the St. Albans Psalter (Albani Psalter). As one can see here Christ saves all souls – “out of helle mennes souls” to quote The Vision of Piers Plowman (Passus XVIII, l. 373). The Psalter was created possibly between 1123 and 1135 at St. Albans Abbey near London. We are very grateful for this high quality reproduction provided personally by Dr. Helmar Härtel from the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, where the St. Albans Psalter is kept. Christ leads the souls away from hell.Mural painting from the Boyana Church, 13th century. The Bulgarian art critic Kiril Krustev is convinced that the anonymous Boyana artist was under the influence of Bogomil ideas. The salvation of all souls is emphasized by Avel with a shephard’s stick (visible to the left ), among other descendants of Adam. Photo: Vl. Vitanov. More information in DUALIST IDEAS IN THE ENGLISH PRE-REFORMATION AND REFORMATION (Bogomil-Cathar Influence on Wycliffe, Tyndale, Langland and Milton). Bul- Koreni Publishing House, Sofia. 2005, p.p. 117-120; 129-130. Both compositions correspond to the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus extensively used by the Dualists.

It is this rise of speculation and the concept of the 'secret' or 'lost' book , more of which I will deal with in a separate posting, which becomes key to the heretical movements in Europe through the decline of Feudalism and the rise of the humanist protestant movements. It is this lost or secret book that influenced Dan Browns Da Vinci Code, and which is why the Catholic Church has gone on a campaign denouncing it as a Gnostic Heresy. Hey its only a novel.

Gnosticism Sells Big

By Gary Potter

Editors Introduction: The ancient heresies known as Gnosticism are very much in our midst, forming an integral part of the "culture of death" referred to frequently by the Holy Father. In this powerful critique, Gary Potter confronts one of its latest literary expressions: The Da Vinci Code.

Like other gnostics, the Cathars rejected the sacraments, except for one they made up, a sort of Last Rite called the consolamentum. However, unlike some other dualists, there was a pragmatic side to the Cathars. They frankly recognized that most men and women are incapable of lives of total self-denial. Those who could manage it were honored by the Cathars as the perfecti (the Perfect Ones). Most were simply credentes, ordinary believers. The difference ultimately did not much matter since the consolamentum was held to absolve believers from all sins so that it was not necessary to try to live virtuously. This meant, in practice, that Cathars could (and often did) give themselves to lives of orgiastic debauchery and remain confident in being "saved" — as long as they received consolamentum at the end. "Should a Believer survive after having been given the consolamentum, he would be smothered to death by his family in a practice known as the endura. The endura was necessary because the administration of the consolamentum could only be performed once in a person's life, and it was seen as absolutely necessary to assure the salvation of the non-Perfect among the members of the community." (This writer has tried to research the point, but cannot say if there were any Cathar theologians who taught consolamentum "by desire.")

Another difference between Catharism and some other forms of gnosticism was that in its ranks women were more-or-less equal to men. They, too, were seen as capable of becoming perfecti to the extent very many of either gender could. It appears women may even have played roles in Cathar ceremonies in the way that female lectors, acolytes and Extraordinary Eucharistic Ministers do in the Novus Ordo Church. It should go without saying that among the Cathars suicide was not regarded as sinful. On the contrary, this world being evil, leaving it voluntarily was perfectly reasonable, even virtuous.

The Bogomil or Bulgarian heresy gave us the term bugger.

Thus a historical cultural prejudice exists within the European imaginination in particular about Bulgarians but overall applied ot all Slavs.

The Origin of "Bulgarian" as a Euphemism for Gays

Long before modern homophobia as expressed by Church Fathers and Imans, the Bogomil heresy gave Christianity and Islam an excuse to depict a people and an idea/ideology as being a contagion, a disease. Not unlike the current mythologies around homosexuality and AIDS/HIV.

Islam already had contact with the Zorastrian dualist heretics the Yzedi/Yezedi/Yezidi, who still exist in the Kurdish region of Iraq and remain persecuted by Islam. While persecuted for heresy they had not been equated with pestilence or disease, the attribution of these qualities to the Bogomil, makes them unique.

Of course its comes down to sex, all religion does. And not just homosexuality but sex without procreation. Which is the core of the Bogomil heresy.

The impression among the clergymen wasn't lesser, in 1106, Theophylact of Ohrid wrote to the Basileus John Comnenus:
"One of the monks and clergymen [a Bogomil leader called Vasiliy, Slav name], to my misfortune, scorned God and became a prey to shamelessness, rejecting the human feeling of shame, and assumed the figure of a harlot, rejected his own image and ate meat rather than fasting, [became] libertine rather than forbearing... That is why I ordered that this contagious and common disease be expelled from these territories [...]"

The relevant feature of these gnostic forerunners of Ashmolean Rosicrucianism is the doctrine of utter depravity of the "flesh" which is the direct source of the materialist dogmas of Bacon, Descartes, Locke, Newton, et al. The sexual perversions of the Cathars are a direct, doctrinaire correlative of this materialist dogma of theirs. Briefly, one of the cult's Elect was forbidden to place his semen in the vagina of a woman, lest he cause the procreation of newborn human flesh! The spirit inhabiting the Elect must be kept apart from the utter depravity of the fleshly process of human procreation. The Cathar cult was known in France as the Bulgarian cult, or "Les Bougres," which translated into English as "the Buggers." Because of the cult's peculiar sexual perversion, which flowed from their gnostic doctrine of separation of matter and spirit, it resorted to various other kinds of sexual activity, and thus the name "Bugger" became associated in English with homosexuality.

Another term that came into use in the twelfth century but gained ground after 1235, is Bulgarus "Bulgarian," whence French bougre and English bugger (from which the nouns of action bougrerie and buggery were subsequently derived). It was the merit of a heresy hunter Robert le Bougre to have confounded all the heretical sects under one name, which became synonymous with "heretic" and then "sodomite" and "usurer." Catholic inquisitors accused adherents of dualist sects of practicing the detestable vice, in part because of their unconventional views on sexual morality. English "buggery" is not, however, unambiguously attested in the sexual sense until the penal law of Henry VIII in 1533; it is nowhere found in Middle English. This term is the semantic reflex of the equation sodomite = heretic in late medieval Latin Christendom paralleled by such phrases as Ketzer nach dem Fleisch alongside Ketzer nach dem Glauben.

And the Catholic Church continues to battle against the Bogomil heresy, even today.....

French couple, not wanting children, denied marriage by parish priest

METZ, France (CNS) -- A French bishop has defended a parish priest in northern France who refused to officiate at a marriage because the couple planned not to have children. Bishop Pierre Raffin of Metz said the priest was correct in denying the marriage because the church requires the "personal adherence to the Catholic Church's vision of marriage -- that marriage is entered into freely, for life, and for the procreation of children." Bishop Raffin said the church regularly granted marriage to people unable to conceive children "for reasons of age or physical impediment," but required healthy couples to express their willingness to procreate "in writing and publicly" at the moment of marriage. "The absence or explicit refusal, hard and confirmed, of one of these dispositions prevents the priest from solemnizing a religious marriage," he said.

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