Saturday, January 14, 2023

Israel: Tens of thousands protest government in Tel Aviv

Around 80,000 protesters take to the streets despite wet and rainy conditions to protest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's ultra-right government


Israeli protesters attend a rally against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's new hard-right government in the coastal city of Tel Aviv on 14 January (Reuters)

By MEE staff
Published date: 14 January 2023 

Tens of thousands of Israelis took to the streets in central Tel Aviv on Saturday to protest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's new far-right coalition government.

Police in Tel Aviv said around 80,000 protesters had gathered at and around Habima square. Protests were also taking place in Jerusalem, Haifa and other cities, as centre and left-wing parties, including the Hadash-Taal alliance - a joint list of two Arab-majority political parties - called on Israelis to reject new government policies.

Israel's judicial reforms will 'destroy' legal independence say top officialsRead More »

The demonstrations were organised under the call of "saving democracy", in criticism of some hardline stances the ultra-conservative government has adopted, including planned reforms to the country's justice system.

A main concern of opposition groups is a recently-proposed reform that would allow parliament to override decisions made by the Supreme Court. Analysts have warned that such a programme could potentially allow lawmakers to uphold any annulment of the corruption charges Netanyahu is being tried on.

An open letter published on Thursday by 11 former prosecutors said the reforms threaten to destroy Israel's judiciary.

Retired Supreme Court President Ayala Procaccia addressed those on the streets of Tel Aviv on Saturday, warning that "a country in which judges go out to protest is a country where all lines were crossed", Haaretz reported.

'Fascists in the Knesset'


Itai Niger, a 37-year-old from Tel Aviv, told Middle East Eye that he had attended the protest because he hoped to help send a message against "the regime and fascism".

'This government is really dangerous and has the potential to change things 
for the worse' - Itai Niger, 37, protester

"I can’t stay at home and do nothing anymore," Niger said. "I decided to take part against what is happening now because this government is really dangerous and has the potential to change things for the worse in terms of rights.

In Israel, there is already a big problem of inequality, and there will be more abuse of power and corruption now. If there is a way to stand against that, then I will be there."

"I really, really hope that this marks some kind of awakening in this country," he continued.

In addition to court reforms, opposition protesters rallied against the new government's intentions to pursue a policy of settlement expansion in the occupied West Bank and social reforms that have worried members and supporters of the LGBTQ+ community.

Signs written in Hebrew and Arabic held up by the demonstrators gathered in Habima Square on Saturday reflected the diversity of demands: "The time has come to bring down the dictator"; "government of shame"; "There is no democracy with the occupation "; "Bibi does not want democracy, we do not need fascists in the Knesset"; "Iran is here"; and "You will love the other as yourself".

Rain started early Saturday evening, raising worries that the weather could affect attendance, but opposition leaders called on protesters to come out despite the wet conditions.

"Everyone should take an Israel flag in one hand, an umbrella in the second and come to defend democracy and the law in Israel," former Defence Minister Benny Gantz said on Twitter on Saturday ahead of his arrival at Habima square.

Many did just that, as images show blocks of demonstrators carrying overlapping umbrellas, creating a cover that obscured the people huddled beneath them.

Protesters huddle under umbrellas at rally against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's new hard-right government in Tel Aviv on 14 January (AFP)

Netanyahu is the first sitting Israeli prime minister indicted while in office. He denies the charges against him of bribery, fraud and breach of trust. He took office late last month following his 1 November election win, heading a coalition that includes a politician who last year admitted tax evasion and a clutch of far-right personalities, including one who once kept a portrait in his home of a man who massacred scores of Palestinian worshippers.

Last week, the new national security minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir, ordered the state's police commissioner to enforce a directive to remove Palestinian flags from public spaces a day after one was waved at a previous anti-government protest in Tel Aviv.

Despite the order, several Palestinian flags were spotted during Saturday's demonstration in the coastal city.

Middle East Eye delivers independent and unrivalled coverage and analysis of the Middle East, North Africa and beyond. To learn more about republishing this content and the associated fees, please fill out this form. More about MEE can be found here.

Thousands of Israelis rally against Netanyahu government



1 of 5
Israeli border police officers prevent protesters from blocking a highway during a rally against the government's plans to overhaul the country's legal system, in Tel Aviv, Israel, Saturday, Jan. 14, 2023. Tens of thousands of Israelis have gathered in central Tel Aviv to protest plans by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's new government to overhaul the country's legal system and weaken the Supreme Court. (AP Photo/Oded Balilty)

TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — Tens of thousands of Israelis gathered in central Tel Aviv on Saturday night to protest plans by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s new government to overhaul the legal system and weaken the Supreme Court — a step that critics say will destroy the country’s democratic system of checks and balances.

The protest presented an early challenge to Netanyahu and his ultranationalist national security minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir, who has ordered police to take tough action if protesters block roads or display Palestinian flags.

Israeli media, citing police, said the crowd at Tel Aviv’s Habima Square swelled to at least 80,000 people, despite cool, rainy weather. Protesters, many covered by umbrellas, held Israeli flags and signs saying “Criminal Government,” “The End of Democracy” and other slogans.

“They are trying to destroy the checks and balances of the Israeli democracy. This will not work,” said Asaf Steinberg, a protester from the Tel Aviv suburb of Herzliya. “And we will fight until the very last minute to save the Israeli democracy.”

No major unrest was reported, though Israeli media said small crowds scuffled with police as they tried to block a Tel Aviv highway.

Netanyahu, who is on trial for corruption charges, has made overhauling the country’s legal system a centerpiece of his agenda.

In office for just over two weeks, his government, which is comprised by ultra-Orthodox and far-right nationalist parties, has launched proposals to weaken the Supreme Court by giving parliament the power to overturn court decisions with a simple majority vote. It also wants to give parliament control over the appointment of judges and reduce the independence of legal advisers.

Netanyahu’s justice minister says unelected judges have too much power. But opponents to the plans say the proposed changes will rob the judiciary of its independence and undermine Israeli democracy. Israeli opposition leaders, former attorney generals and the president of Israel’s Supreme Court have all spoken out against the plan.

The legal changes could help Netanyahu, who is on trial for corruption, evade conviction, or even make his trial disappear entirely. Since being indicted in 2019, Netanyahu has said the justice system is biased against him.

Police beefed up their presence ahead of the march. Israeli media quoted police as saying officers had been instructed to be “very sensitive” and allow the protest to proceed peacefully. But they also vowed a tough response to any vandalism or violent behavior.

Smaller protests also took place in the cities of Jerusalem and Haifa.

Israelis rally against Netanyahu 'government of shame'

Issued on: 14/01/2023 


















The demonstration is the biggest since Netanyahu's new government took power in late December © JACK GUEZ / AFP

Tel Aviv (AFP) – Tens of thousands of people protested in central Tel Aviv Saturday against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's new hard-right government, which critics say threatens Israeli democracy.

Protesters braved the rain for the rally, brandishing signs with slogans decrying a "government of shame" and urging: "bring down the dictator", AFP correspondents said.

Israeli media reported 80,000 people joined the rally, citing police sources. Police gave no official estimate after reporting 20,000 protesters earlier in the evening.

The demonstration is the biggest since Netanyahu's new government took power in late December in Israel, a country of just over nine million.

"The situation is worrying and scary," said 22-year-old protester Aya Tal, who works in the high-tech industry.

"They want to take away our rights... We must unite."

Other rallies were held in Jerusalem, outside the prime minister's and the president's residences, and in the northern city of Haifa, local media reported.

Already Israel's longest-serving premier, Netanyahu returned to power at the head of a coalition with extreme-right and ultra-Orthodox Jewish parties, some of whose officials now head key ministries.




















Opposition parties had called on Israelis to join the demonstration to 'save democracy' © JACK GUEZ / AFP

Protesters called for Netanyahu, who is fighting corruption charges in court, to resign.

"Bibi (Netanyahu) doesn't want a democracy, we don't need fascists in the Knesset," read one sign at the Tel Aviv protest, referring to the Israeli parliament.
'Save democr
acy'

The crowd filled the streets surrounding Tel Aviv's Habima Square and chanted "democracy, democracy", according to an AFP correspondent.

Opposition parties had called on Israelis to join the demonstration -- organised by an anti-corruption group -- to "save democracy" and in protest at a planned judicial overhaul.


Netanyahu's return to power ended an unprecedented period of political gridlock that forced five elections in less than four years and deepened social divisions 
© JACK GUEZ / AFP

Justice Minister Yariv Levin announced on January 4 a controversial plan to hand more powers to lawmakers in appointing judges and overriding Supreme Court decisions.

In Israel, which does not have a constitution, the Supreme Court currently has the authority to repeal laws it considers discriminatory.

Former Supreme Court judge Ayala Procaccia told the crowd the Israeli public "will not accept... the destruction of the basic values of our system."

"We are at a fateful moment for the future of Israel," she said.

The new government has also announced intentions to pursue a policy of settlement expansion in the occupied West Bank and carry out social reforms that have worried members and supporters of the LGBTQ community.

The rally included messages against the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and calls to protect the rights of the LGBTQ community.

"There's no democracy with the occupation," read one sign.

'Fight'

Netanyahu is the first sitting Israeli prime minister indicted while in office. He denies the charges against him of bribery, fraud and breach of trust.

The leader of right-wing party Likud was ousted from office in 2021 after a record 12-year run by a motley coalition of parties, elected on the heels of anti-corruption protests that called for Netanyahu's resignation.

His return to power ended an unprecedented period of political gridlock that forced five elections in less than four years and deepened social divisions.




















Netanyahu is the first sitting Israeli prime minister indicted while in office 
© JACK GUEZ / AFP

The leader of centre-left opposition party Labor, Merav Michaeli, was among several politicians at the Tel Aviv rally, as was former foreign minister Tzipi Livni.

Former defence minister Benny Gantz, now in the opposition, shared on Twitter a video of himself at the demonstration.

"We'll fight in the Knesset, we'll fight in the media, we'll fight on the streets", Gantz told protesters.

"We will make sure the democratic foundation of Israel is being preserved," he said. "We fight for the country's future together."

© 2023 AFP

Israelis rally against Netanyahu cabinet
By Al Mayadeen English
Source: Agencies
14 Jan 23

Thousands of Israeli settlers take to the street to denounce the newest Israeli occupation government and call for the ousting of PM Netanyahu.






















Israelis protest against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's coalition and its proposed judicial reforms to reduce powers of the Supreme Court in a main square in "Tel Aviv", occupied Palestine, January 14, 2023 (REUTERS)

Some 20,000 Israelis took to the streets of "Tel Aviv" on Saturday to protest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's cabinet, which has been criticized various times as being the most far-right government in Israeli history.

Protestors carried signs with slogans condemning the government and calling it a "government of shame", calling for "bring[ing] down the dictator", AFP reported.

The Israeli occupation forces estimated that some 20,000 protesters were on the street, with the organizers claiming there were "several tens of thousands" of protesters.

The demonstration is the biggest since the premier took office, with other rallies taking place in front of his residence in occupied Al-Quds and others in Haifa.

This is Netanyahu's sixth term after he was ousted from power in June last year, ending his 12-year run as prime minister, making him the longest-running premier since the start of the Israeli occupation of Palestine.

With Netanyahu coming back in, his third reign of terror will begin after having served as PM from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021. This is his most controversial government to date, expected to lead to a Third Palestinian Intifada.


The demonstrators repeated chants against the new Israeli occupation government and some of its extremist ministers such as Police Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir and Finance Minister Betzalel Smotrich.

Following his November 1 election win, Netanyahu took office late last month at the head of a coalition with extreme-right and Zionist parties, some of whose officials now head key ministries. The new occupation government has announced intentions to pursue a policy of settlement expansion in the occupied West Bank.


Moreover, the protesters called on the corruption-embattled PM to resign from office just a month after he assumed.

"Bibi (Netanyahu) doesn't want a democracy, we don't need fascists in the Knesset," one sign read at a protest in "Tel Aviv".

Meanwhile, opposition parties called on Israelis to join the demonstrations to "save democracy" and protest Netanyahu's planned overhaul of the judiciary authority.

This comes after Israeli occupation Justice Minister Yariv Levin announced earlier in the month a controversial plan to hand more powers to lawmakers in appointing judges and overriding Supreme Court decisions.

Illustrating the increasingly stark division between Israelis, the president of Israeli occupation’s Supreme Court Esther Hayut lashed out on Thursday at the "judicial reform plan" proposed by Netanyahu's cabinet, stressing that it "would crush the justice system."

Hayet begins her speech at a conference of the Israeli Association of Public Law, likely the harshest speech ever delivered by a serving Supreme Court president against a ruling coalition, by noting that "a few days ago, the new justice minister presented a lightning plan for far-reaching changes in the justice system."

"In practice," she charges, "it amounts to an unrestrained attack on the justice system, as though it was an enemy that had to be rushed and defeated."

"With great cynicism, the architects of the plan call it a plan to correct the judicial system.’ And I say, it is a plan to crush the judicial system. It is intended to deliver a fatal blow to the independence and autonomy of the judicial system and silence it" she added.

The rally also included pro-Palestinian slogans, with one sign reading: "There's no democracy with the occupation."

Check out: New Netanyahu Government: Different shades of occupation

Political divisions in "Israel" between the government and the opposition are escalating in light of the exchange of accusations of responsibility for the possible outbreak of an "internal war".

This comes shortly after leaders within the Israeli occupation spoke about the ongoing division in "Israel" exposed by the results of the latest legislative elections.

Israeli occupation President Isaac Herzog said during a speech on the 27th anniversary of the killing of former Israeli occupation Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin that "the complicated political status quo in Israel poses somewhat of a historic challenge for us."

Meanwhile, former Israeli occupation Security Minister Benny Gantz called on Sunday Israelis to take to the streets in protest of changes to the Israeli judicial system that Netanyahu's cabinet proposed.


My Flag My Identity










The new Israeli government is escalating its terror against Palestinians, the latest of which is the new Police Minister Ben-Gvir banning the raising of the Palestinian flag in public places, claiming that waving the Palestinian flag is an "act of terror". In addition, Ben-Gvir is in charge of the Israeli prison system, and he has plans to make things even worse for Palestinian prisoners, who already endure physical and psychological torture.
Gambian pro-democracy activist killed in 2016 honoured at last

Thousands of people turned out in the Gambian capital on Tuesday for the official funeral of a pro-democracy activist who died in custody in 2016 following a protest against former dictator Yahya Jammeh.


Pallbearers carry the coffin of Solo Sandeng during his funeral in Banjul on January 10, 2023
© MUHAMADOU BITTAYE/AFP or licensors


Story by Africanews • Tuesday


VIDEO
Gambian pro-democracy activist killed in 2016 honoured at last
View on Watch  Duration 2:01


Mourners lined the streets of Banjul as police passed by carrying the flag-draped coffin of Solo Sandeng, in a ceremony that revived memories of Jammeh's brutal rule.

The dictator held sway over the tiny West African state for 22 years until he was defeated in presidential elections in December 2016 by political newcomer Adama Barrow and fled to Equatorial Guinea.

Sandeng died in custody in April 2016 at the age of 57 after organising a protest calling for the return of democracy.

His death was a catalyst for uniting the country's fractured opposition and driving a wave of pro-democracy protests which ultimately led to Jammeh's fall.

Justice Minister Dawda Jallow paid tribute to Sandeng, describing him as "a man who paid the ultimate price in fighting for the cause he genuinely believed in.

"He has left an indelible mark in the political history of this country.

"His legacy will continue to live on in the history of our democratic transition as a nation."

The coffin was placed before a huge Greek-style arch in Banjul that Jammeh built in the 1990s and which has been re-dedicated to the memory of his victims. Sandeng was later entombed at a site in the suburbs of the capital.

His body was exhumed in March 2017. Six members of Jammeh's National Intelligence Agency (NIA) were convicted of his murder in July 2022, with the agency's former director being sentenced to death.

The Gambian authorities have charged Jammeh with murder, rape, torture and corruption.

However, he retains substantial clout back home.

Barrow's government, which won elections in 2016 and again in 2021, has yet to fully implement recommendations made by a truth and reconciliation commission in in 2021.
Egypt unveils ancient royal tomb in Luxor

Issued on: 14/01/2023 
















Egyptian archaeologist Mohsen Kamel said the tomb's interior was 'in poor condition' 
© - / Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities/AFP


Cairo (AFP) – Egyptian authorities announced Saturday the discovery of an ancient tomb in Luxor dating back around 3,500 years that archaeologists believe holds the remains of an 18th dynasty royal.

The tomb was unearthed by Egyptian and British researchers on the west bank of the River Nile, where the famous Valley of the Queens and Valley of the Kings lie, said Mostafa Waziri, head of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities.

"The first elements discovered so far inside the tomb seem to indicate that it dates back to the 18th dynasty" of pharaohs Akhenaton and Tutankhamun, Waziri said in a statement.

The 18th dynasty, part of the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom, ended in 1292 BC and is considered among the most prosperous years of Ancient Egypt.

Piers Litherland of the University of Cambridge, head of the British research mission, said the tomb could be of a royal wife or princess of Thutmosid lineage

Egyptian archaeologist Mohsen Kamel said the tomb's interior was "in poor condition".

Parts of it including inscriptions were "destroyed in ancient floods which filled the burial chambers with sand and limestone sediment", Kamel added, according to the antiquities board's statement.

Egypt has unveiled several major archaeological discoveries in recent years, most notably in the Saqqara necropolis south of the capital Cairo.

Critics say the flurry of excavations has prioritised finds shown to grab media attention over hard academic research.

But the discoveries have been a key component of Egypt's attempts to revive its vital tourism industry, the crowning jewel of which is the long-delayed inauguration of the Grand Egyptian Museum at the foot of the pyramids.

The country of 104 million inhabitants suffers a severe economic crisis.

Egypt's tourism industry accounts for 10 percent of GDP and some two million jobs, according to official figures, but has been hammered by political unrest and the Covid pandemic.

© 2023 AFP

Plate tectonics in the twenty-first century

Peer-Reviewed Publication

SCIENCE CHINA PRESS

Schematic cartoons showing the two types of plate divergent-convergent coupling on Earth 

IMAGE: A. THE LITHOSPHERIC BREAKUP-COLLISION COUPLING SYSTEM, IN WHICH COLLISIONAL THICKENING OF THE CONTINENTAL CRUST IS COUPLED WITH LITHOSPHERIC BREAKUP DUE TO ASTHENOSPHERIC UPWELLING FOR ACTIVE RIFTING. B. THE SEAFLOOR SPREADING-LITHOSPHERIC SUBDUCTION COUPLING SYSTEM, IN WHICH THE OCEANIC SLAB IS SUBDUCTED TO DEPTHS OF >80-100 KM FOR THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL, PROVIDING FAR-FIELD STRESSES FOR PASSIVE RIFTING. view more 

CREDIT: ©SCIENCE CHINA PRESS

The emergence of plate tectonics in the late 1960s led to a paradigm shift from fixism to mobilism of global tectonics, providing a unifying context for the previously disparate disciplines of Earth science. Although plate tectonics was originally defined by the kinematics of the Earth’s outer shell (lithosphere) on the underlying asthenosphere, a number of dynamic interpretations for its operation have developed in the past five decades. This has advanced it as a holistic theory of kinematics-dynamics for the motion of large and small plates in both horizontal and vertical directions. Because modern plate boundaries occur as a global network of mobile belts on the spherical Earth, the difficulty was encountered in deciphering the operation of ancient plate tectonics in geological history.

This synthetic study is presented by Prof. Yong-Fei Zheng at University of Science and Technology of China. It focuses on an advanced version of plate tectonics in its basic principles and geological corollaries along active and fossil plate margins. This is achieved by inspection of natural observations and their tectonic interpretations in the fields of geology, geochemistry, geophysics and geodynamics. The available advances are significant and fundamental to our understanding of various phenomena at present and past plate margins, placing general grounds to figure out the spatiotemporal relationships between material movement, energy transfer, dynamic regime and geothermal gradient along plate margins. Therefore, they provide new insights not only into many first-order problems regarding tectonic occurrences in continental regions but also into the origin of hotspot magmatism in relation to the mantle plume hypothesis.

According to the geometric structure, dynamic regime and thermal state of plate margins, Zheng highlights the importance of plate divergent-convergent coupling systems in the operation of plate tectonics on Earth. These coupling systems are categorized into two types. One is the lithospheric breakup-collision due to active rifting, with the push effect of lithospheric breakup on collisional thickening and shallow subduction to smaller depths of <60-80 km. The other is the seafloor spreading-lithospheric subduction due to passive rifting, with the pull effect of subducting oceanic slab on deep subduction to greater depths of >80-100 km. Because plates may be of different sizes since their generation, they may move in different directions to exchange matter and energy not only between lithosphere and asthenosphere but also between the crust and the mantle.

As generalized by Zheng, matter and energy transfers at plate margins proceeds in bottom-up and top-down ways, respectively. They correspond to changes of not only their dynamic regime from extension to compression and from compression to extension but also their thermal state from hot to warm and from cold to warm. In rifting zone, heat is preferentially transferred from the asthenosphere into the crust, resulting in heat loss from the Earth's interior to exterior. In subduction zones, the cold lithosphere sinks into the hotter asthenosphere, leading to cooling of the Earth's interior. Therefore, both rifting and subduction zones are two basic sites for the matter and energy exchanges between the Earth’s spheres. As such, recognition of their geodynamic mechanisms and tectonic effects on the formation and evolution of plate margins is the key to advance plate tectonics.

Although modern plate tectonics is characterized by a global network of mobile belts on the present Earth, its operation on the ancient Earth history can be tested by inspection of plate divergent-convergent coupling systems. This is outlined by Zheng through characterizing two of the fundamental components in plate tectonics. One is the initiation of rifting zones, eventually forming new ocean basins, and the other is the initiation of subduction zones, recycling the crust into the mantle. Subduction initiation and lithospheric rifting are the two key processes for the onset of plate tectonics. Their operation has great bearing on the structure, processes and geodynamics of plate margins. These elements are not only substantial to upgrade plate tectonics into the new version, but also fundamental to explain the onset and operation of plate tectonics in Precambrian time. In this regard, it is critical to not only keep pace with the times but also uphold fundamental principles and break new ground in advancing plate tectonics.

See the article:

Zheng Y.F., 2023. Plate tectonics in the twenty-first century. Science China Earth Sciences, 66(1): 1-40.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1011-9

Mushroom cultivation technology company earns People's Choice award at innovation challenge

MycoLogic allows farmers to grow a higher quantity and better quality of specialty mushrooms

Grant and Award Announcement

KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY

Chris Cornelison 

IMAGE: CHRIS CORNELISON view more 

CREDIT: JASON GETZ

A business founded by researchers at Kennesaw State University to improve the process of growing specialty mushrooms won the People’s Choice Award and finished among four finalists at the Ag Innovation Challenge sponsored by the American Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF).

MycoLogic, co-founded by assistant professor of microbiology Chris Cornelison and postdoctoral researcher Kyle Gabriel, received the most votes from an online poll among 10 agriculture-based startups to earn the award. The companies were competing for more than $165,000 in prize money at the AFBF event in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

“To win the People’s Choice Award, to have your people show up—university, sponsors, friends, family—that’s an amazing level of validation,” Cornelison said. “The ecosystem at KSU and in Georgia have propped us up to the point where we have this amazing opportunity to make the case for large-scale mushroom cultivation.”

A company dedicated to automated mushroom production technology, MycoLogic rose from the BioInnovation Lab in KSU’s College of Science and Mathematics. Specifically, MycoLogic allows farmers to grow a higher quantity and better quality of specialty mushroom in 40-foot shipping containers equipped to create conditions optimized for growth.

MycoLogic won $10,000 for advancing to the semifinals of the Ag Innovation Challenge, $5,000 for making the final and $5,000 for the People’s Choice Award. Through the competition, Cornelison and Gabriel also participated in pitch training and mentorship with scholars from Cornell University’s College of Business, as well as network with representatives from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Rural Business Investment Companies.

MycoLogic had support from the Georgia Research Alliance’s Greater Yield Initiative, which backs university start-up companies focused on agricultural and food technology. In addition, MycoLogic benefited from financial and resource support from the Georgia Department of Agriculture and Georgia Centers for Innovation. 

The American Farm Bureau Federation has held the Ag Innovation Challenge for nine years, championing entrepreneurs and organizations seeking to address challenges facing farmers, such as access to labor and optimizing yield. From hundreds of entries, AFBF whittled the field to 10 semifinalists, who pitched their visions to a panel of experts on Jan. 6. The competition went to a web vote on Jan. 7 before four finalists made another pitch the next day.

Cornelison said he will put the prize money won at the Ag Innovation Challenge toward marketing efforts for MycoLogic as well as final design elements for MycoLogic’s first product offering. He said MycoLogic has a 22-customer waitlist after delivering the first unit last fall.

“For Kyle and me, it’s a new world,” he said. “We’re fortunate to have great mentorship and funding from the GRA, GDA, and Centers for Innovation as well as the support of our University, so we’re ready for the rounds of fundraising and networking that come this year. It’s hard not to have an advantage with all these supports aligned for us.”

Cornelison also thanked MycoLogic staff Will Beeson and Luc Lalire, who joined the company in recent months. Beeson earned his Master of Science in Integrated Biology from KSU in December, and Lalire came on board after earning his Master of Professional Studies degree in Controlled Environment Agriculture from Cornell University last August.

Strong, recyclable plastic

Biodegradable polyester with properties to match high-density polyethylene

Peer-Reviewed Publication

WILEY

Polyethylene has a number of advantageous properties, but biodegradability is not one of them. A team of researchers has now developed a plastic which has similar thermoplastic properties to polyethylene but is also biodegradable. The material in question is a semicrystalline polyester that breaks down fully to its starting materials using mild chemical or biological processes, as the team explain in their study published in the journal Angewandte Chemie.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a particularly strong and durable material. It owes its thermoplastic properties to the internal structure of its molecular chains, which are arranged in a crystalline manner with added attraction due to van der Waals forces. The molecular chains are also pure hydrocarbons. The combination of crystallinity and hydrocarbon content means microorganisms, which might be able to degrade the plastic, cannot access the chains to break them up.

The research group of Stefan Mecking and colleagues, at the University of Konstanz, Germany, have now developed a polyester that has similar crystallinity to HDPE and also retains its beneficial mechanical properties. Unlike polyethylene, polyesters also contain functional groups that could theoretically be degraded chemically or enzymatically. However, under normal circumstances, the more crystalline a polyester is (i.e., the more similar to HDPE), the less readily it can be biodegraded.

The team was therefore understandably surprised by how quickly their crystalline polyester degraded when exposed to enzymes. “We tested degradation with naturally occurring enzymes, and it was an order of magnitude faster than with our reference material”, Mecking explains. It wasn’t just enzymatic solutions which degraded the material: soil microorganisms were also able to completely compost the polyester.

But what is it that makes this polyester so exceptionally biodegradable? The team were able to identify the significant contribution of ethylene glycol, one of the building blocks of the polyester. Mecking adds: “This building block is actually really common in polyesters. It gives you a high melting point, but it also increases degradability in these polyethylene-like materials.”

Because of its good chemical and biological degradability, together with its mechanical properties, the new polyester could find applications as a recyclable thermoplastic material with minimal environmental impact. The end goal is closed-loop chemical recycling to break the plastic down into its raw materials and produce new plastics, Mecking adds. The added benefit of the team’s plastic is that, if any materials do get into the environment despite this closed loop, they can biodegrade and leave no lasting impact.

(2841 characters)

About the Author

Professor Stefan Mecking holds the Chair of Chemical Material Science at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Konstanz, Germany. Together with his research group, he develops and explores catalytic processes that increase the environmental compatibility of plastics on multiple levels.

New, £8 million Energy Demand Observatory and Laboratory will help UK meet net-zero ambitions

Grant and Award Announcement

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

Energy Demand Observatory and Laboratory 

IMAGE: DR PHIL GRÃœNEWALD (LEFT) AND DR TINA FAWCETT (RIGHT). EDOL WILL INVESTIGATE HOW ENERGY DEMANDS MAY CHANGE IN THE NEAR FUTURE – FOR INSTANCE, DUE TO GREATER UPTAKE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES. IMAGE CREDIT: IAN WALLMAN. view more 

CREDIT: IMAGE CREDIT: IAN WALLMAN.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

New, £8 million Energy Demand Observatory and Laboratory will help UK meet net-zero ambitions

  • University College London and the University of Oxford will jointly lead a five-year project to collect high-resolution data (with informed consent of participants) on energy usage in UK homes.
  • ‘Field laboratories’ will enable specific policies and interventions to reduce carbon emissions from homes to be tested in real-world conditions.
  •  Findings from the project will help inform strategies to enable the UK to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.

University College London (UCL) and the University of Oxford will lead an £8.7m research project to establish an Energy Demand Observatory and Laboratory (EDOL) in the UK. The five-year programme, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, part of UK Research and Innovation) and working with the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), will establish a national energy data platform to help facilitate the transition to net-zero carbon emissions.

Energy use in homes is responsible for almost a fifth of UK carbon emissions, and the biggest driver of increased energy demands during the peak winter period. If the UK is to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, domestic energy will have to stop using natural gas and transition to a low-carbon system. However, there is currently little information on how this will impact patterns of energy usage, and whether this will overlap with other changes to the UK’s energy system, including the increased uptake of electric cars and heat pumps.

EDOL will address this by providing a high-resolution data resource that will track energy use in real households (with informed consent of participants), enabling us to understand how, why, and when domestic activity is impacting energy demand and associated carbon emissions.

EDOL will develop a range of innovative methods – including innovations emerging around AI and the Internet of Things (IoT) - for monitoring not only the energy consumed by different appliances, but also the different energy-using activities that make up daily life at home.

 EDOL will consist of three elements:

  1. An ‘Observatory’ of 2000 representative UK households equipped with sensors to record the energy used by occupants, their appliances, and their behaviours. The anonymised data will then be analysed by researchers to better understand patterns of energy demand in our homes.
  2. ‘Forensic’ analyses of sub-samples of homes that have novel or lesser-known forms of energy demand (for instance, smart charging of electric vehicles). This could include detailed surveys, interviews, and in-depth monitoring.
  3. ‘Field laboratories’ of 100-200 households in which policies, technologies, business models, and other interventions can be tried out and compared to relevant control groups in the Observatory. This will allow the researchers to answer novel questions, such as: 'How flexible is the time when people choose to charge their electric vehicles?', or 'Does installing a heat pump have unintended consequences such as increased tumble drying of clothes due to lower radiator temperatures?'

UCL Energy Institute will be leading on data collection, analysis, and governance, as well as overall management of the project. UCL will build on relevant experience developed via the Smart Energy Research Lab (SERL) project, bringing specific expertise regarding innovative techniques for analysing smart meter data.

Professor Tadj Oreszczyn (UCL Energy Institute), Principal Investigator for the project, said: ‘In order to tackle the serious challenges facing our society such as fuel poverty, the energy cost crisis and climate change, we need accurate real-world energy consumption data combined with additional data-streams from, for example, sensors and smart home devices, to facilitate innovative research. EDOL is a major step forward in enabling research for public benefit using cutting edge technology and research techniques.’

The University of Oxford will lead on instrumentation and analysis, and qualitative research, overseen by Dr Philip Grünewald (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford) and Dr Tina Fawcett (School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford).

Dr Grünewald said: ‘EDOL will raise evidence-based policy making to a new level, by providing a scientifically rigorous demand observatory. This collaboration will be unique in providing a detailed, longitudinal resource of UK domestic energy use which will be available to scientists, industry, and policy-makers. The research will be dynamic, able to respond to a fast-moving technological and policy landscape, and will enable us to propose cost-effective smart data solutions and innovation in real-time and at scale.’

Dr Tina Fawcett (Environmental Change Institute), who will lead the social research aspect of the project, added: ‘EDOL is a really important, long-term investment in energy demand research, which will enable us to understand current and future household energy use as never before. The experiments with EDOL households will allow us to explore who benefits or loses from different social, technical, and economic energy interventions. This will help provide the evidence we need to create a just energy transition.’

EPSRC Director for Cross-Council Programmes, Dr Kedar Pandya, said: ‘Accurate, high-resolution data will be crucial to understanding energy usage across UK households and informing new forms of energy usage. With support from Government, the Energy Demand Observatory and Laboratory will build on the work of the Smart Energy Research Lab to address this need. It will offer unprecedented scale in providing this data, which will support the decisions needed to help us to reduce carbon emissions and make the switch to Net Zero.’

Professor Tina Fawcett (left) and Dr Phil Grünewald (right) with a heat-pump: one of the zero carbon technologies that EDOL will investigate. 

Image credit: Ian Wallman.

About UCL – London’s Global University

UCL is a diverse global community of world-class academics, students, industry links, external partners, and alumni. Our powerful collective of individuals and institutions work together to explore new possibilities.

Since 1826, we have championed independent thought by attracting and nurturing the world's best minds. Our community of more than 43,800 students from 150 countries and over 14,300 staff pursues academic excellence, breaks boundaries and makes a positive impact on real world problems.

We are consistently ranked among the top 10 universities in the world and are one of only a handful of institutions rated as having the strongest academic reputation and the broadest research impact.

We have a progressive and integrated approach to our teaching and research – championing innovation, creativity and cross-disciplinary working. We teach our students how to think, not what to think, and see them as partners, collaborators and contributors. 

For almost 200 years, we are proud to have opened higher education to students from a wide range of backgrounds and to change the way we create and share knowledge.

We were the first in England to welcome women to university education and that courageous attitude and disruptive spirit is still alive today. We are UCL.

www.ucl.ac.uk | Follow @uclnews on Twitter | Read news at www.ucl.ac.uk/news/ | Listen to UCL podcasts on SoundCloud | Find out what’s on at UCL Minds

The Smart Energy Research Lab (SERL) is an EPSRC funded research resource that provides a secure, consistent and trusted channel for researchers to access high-resolution energy data.

About the University of Oxford

Oxford University has been placed number 1 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for the seventh year running, and ​number 2 in the QS World Rankings 2022. At the heart of this success are the twin-pillars of our ground-breaking research and innovation and our distinctive educational offer.

Oxford is world-famous for research and teaching excellence and home to some of the most talented people from across the globe. Our work helps the lives of millions, solving real-world problems through a huge network of partnerships and collaborations. The breadth and interdisciplinary nature of our research alongside our personalised approach to teaching sparks imaginative and inventive insights and solutions.

Through its research commercialisation arm, Oxford University Innovation, Oxford is the highest university patent filer in the UK and is ranked first in the UK for university spinouts, having created more than 200 new companies since 1988. Over a third of these companies have been created in the past three years. The university is a catalyst for prosperity in Oxfordshire and the United Kingdom, contributing £15.7 billion to the UK economy in 2018/19, and supports more than 28,000 full time jobs.

About the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)

The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is the main funding body for engineering and physical sciences research in the UK. Our portfolio covers a vast range of fields from digital technologies to clean energy, manufacturing to mathematics, advanced materials to chemistry. 

EPSRC invests in world-leading research and skills, advancing knowledge and delivering a sustainable, resilient and prosperous UK. We support new ideas and transformative technologies which are the foundations of innovation, improving our economy, environment and society. Working in partnership and co-investing with industry, we deliver against national and global priorities.


NASA says 2022 fifth warmest year on record, warming trend continues

Reports and Proceedings

NASA/GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER

NASA Says 2022 Fifth Warmest Year on Record, Warming Trend Continues 

IMAGE: THIS DATA VISUALIZATION SHOWS THE 2022 GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY COMPARED WITH THE 1951-1980 AVERAGE. view more 

CREDIT: NASA GODDARD SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION STUDIO

Earth's average surface temperature in 2022 tied with 2015 as the fifth warmest on record, according to an analysis by NASA. Continuing the planet's long-term warming trend, global temperatures in 2022 were 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.89 degrees Celsius) above the average for NASA's baseline period (1951-1980), scientists from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York reported.

 

“This warming trend is alarming,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “Our warming climate is already making a mark: Forest fires are intensifying; hurricanes are getting stronger; droughts are wreaking havoc and sea levels are rising. NASA is deepening our commitment to do our part in addressing climate change. Our Earth System Observatory will provide state-of-the-art data to support our climate modeling, analysis and predictions to help humanity confront our planet’s changing climate.”

 

The past nine years have been the warmest years since modern recordkeeping began in 1880. This means Earth in 2022 was about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (or about 1.11 degrees Celsius) warmer than the late 19th century average.

 

“The reason for the warming trend is that human activities continue to pump enormous amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the long-term planetary impacts will also continue,” said Gavin Schmidt, director of GISS, NASA's leading center for climate modeling.

 

Human-driven greenhouse gas emissions have rebounded following a short-lived dip in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, NASA scientists, as well as international scientists, determined carbon dioxide emissions were the highest on record in 2022. NASA also identified some super-emitters of methane – another powerful greenhouse gas – using the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation instrument that launched to the International Space Station last year.

 

The Arctic region continues to experience the strongest warming trends – close to four times the global average – according to GISS research presented at the 2022 annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union, as well as a separate study.

 

Communities around the world are experiencing impacts scientists see as connected to the warming atmosphere and ocean. Climate change has intensified rainfall and tropical storms, deepened the severity of droughts, and increased the impact of storm surges. Last year brought torrential monsoon rains that devastated Pakistan and a persistent megadrought in the U.S. Southwest. In September, Hurricane Ian became one of the strongest and costliest hurricanes to strike the continental U.S.  

 

Tracking Our Changing Planet

NASA’s global temperature analysis is drawn from data collected by weather stations and Antarctic research stations, as well as instruments mounted on ships and ocean buoys. NASA scientists analyze these measurements to account for uncertainties in the data and to maintain consistent methods for calculating global average surface temperature differences for every year. These ground-based measurements of surface temperature are consistent with satellite data collected since 2002 by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on NASA's Aqua satellite and with other estimates.

 

NASA uses the period from 1951-1980 as a baseline to understand how global temperatures change over time. That baseline includes climate patterns such as La Niña and El Niño, as well as unusually hot or cold years due to other factors, ensuring it encompasses natural variations in Earth's temperature.

 

Many factors can affect the average temperature in any given year. For example, 2022 was one of the warmest on record despite a third consecutive year of La Niña conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean. NASA scientists estimate that La Niña’s cooling influence may have lowered global temperatures slightly (about 0.11 degrees Fahrenheit or 0.06 degrees Celsius) from what the average would have been under more typical ocean conditions.

 

A separate, independent analysis by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) concluded that the global surface temperature for 2022 was the sixth highest since 1880. NOAA scientists use much of the same raw temperature data in their analysis and have a different baseline period (1901-2000) and methodology. Although rankings for specific years can differ slightly between the records, they are in broad agreement and both reflect ongoing long-term warming.

 

NASA's full dataset of global surface temperatures through 2022, as well as full details with code of how NASA scientists conducted the analysis, are publicly available from GISS.

 

GISS is a NASA laboratory managed by the Earth Sciences Division of the agency's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The laboratory is affiliated with Columbia University's Earth Institute and School of Engineering and Applied Science in New York.

 

For more information about NASA's Earth science programs, visit: 

 

https://www.nasa.gov/earth

 

 -end-

Music from the pre-electric recording era brought to life using historic tech on new Pennine Records release

The ghostly sounds of pre-electric recordings can be heard on a new album issued by the University of Huddersfield Press

Reports and Proceedings

UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD

Dr Milsom and Dr Stanovic, with the album cover 

IMAGE: DR MILSOM AND DR STANOVIC, WITH THE ALBUM COVER view more 

CREDIT: UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD

The ghostly sounds of pre-electric recordings can be heard on a new album issued by the University of Huddersfield Press. 

But Pennine Records’ Austro-German Revivals: (Re)constructing Acoustic Recordings are not the sounds of long-dead musicians, however, but new recordings made by two present-day researcher-performers.

Both are members of the Historical Performance Research Group in the Department of Music and Design Arts at Huddersfield: violinist Dr David Milsom, who heads up classical performance studies at Huddersfield, and pianist Dr Inja Stanović.

Inja's Leverhulme-funded research project, (Re)constructing Early Recordings: a guide for historically-informed performance, brought the idea of using historic recording technologies to Huddersfield and was the catalyst for Austro-German Revivals: (Re)constructing Acoustic Recordings.

An essential innovative feature here is the use of historic recording technology in what Dr Milsom and Dr Stanović have hailed as a ‘game-changing’ project. This set of brand-new acoustic recordings were put together using rare equipment that uses the same processes for recording music as existed before the widespread adoption of the electric microphone after 1925. The music itself is a wide-ranging collection of shorter works by Bach, Brahms and Mendelssohn, amongst others. 

It is the second release from Pennine Records, set up by David as a partnership between the music department and University of Huddersfield Press in 2020. The label's purpose is to showcase a wide range of research-based ways of performing historical music. 

David and Inja are performance practice specialists in music performance of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and this project represented a chance to build upon traditional sound recordings research to produce something that is at the same time very old, and while also innovative and new.

“I had wanted the experience of making recordings this way for years, so when Inja and I got the chance towards the end of her Leverhulme project to make some recordings by the acoustic process, it was something we absolutely had to do and so we jumped at the chance,” says David.

"It has been an absolutely extraordinary, game-changing practice research experience and I hope that it will be a shop window on the current state of historical performance research. We are not only people who write about style in historical recordings, we are also professional, performing musicians.

“In this sense, the recording is another instance of why Huddersfield is such a vibrant environment for music performance research: many of us here are practicing musicians as well as lecturers and academics.”

Inja is a conservatoire-trained pianist from Croatia, who came to Huddersfield after following her PhD at the University of Sheffield by securing a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship.

Serendipity dictated that the equipment to make wax disc recordings (a tale of recording horns, cutting styluses, and the manufacture of wax discs themselves into which the vibrations are indented) – and, crucially, an engineer capable of making these recordings in a highly-skilled process widely thought to have been lost to history – were available in nearby Sheffield in the shape of the internationally-renowned Duncan Miller at Vulcan Records. "It was a case of the right people in the right place at the right time,” David adds.

Inja’s husband Dr Adam Stanović transferred the recordings from the wax discs into a digital form, allowing them to be available online. The project itself continues Inja's previous research into how acoustic recordings can be understood as historical documents of an increasingly distant past.

“Musically it is extremely important to research this, but also to actually do them,” says Inja. “Research, in this context, is not only about listening and writing; it is also about playing, and putting yourself in the shoes of historical musicians, accepting the small imperfections that are an inevitable consequence of a one-take recording and a wax recording medium.

“This is the first-ever systematic study of these machines. Previously studies have been short-term and smaller projects, not an extensive one unfolding over a number of years. I started around six years ago, and have produced a huge number of wax discs and cylinders.

“Huddersfield was the ideal environment to do this because of its supportive performance culture, and a number of nearby or Huddersfield-based historical performance researchers.”