'Reckless escalation': Europe condemns Russia’s use of 'Oreshnik' missile
Russia’s use of the “Oreshnik” missile has drawn international attention. According to Moscow, the intermediate-range missile is capable of striking targets across large parts of Europe.
On Sunday, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Russia had again deployed its "Oreshnik" intermediate-range ballistic missile, this time in the Kyiv region.
The Russian Defence Ministry later confirmed the launch, saying it came as part of a retaliatory attack following Ukrainian strikes against "civilian targets," which Kyiv has denied.
Moscow's use of the "Oreshnik" missile has sparked strong reactions abroad.
German Chancellor Friedrich Merz condemned the attack as a "reckless escalation" in a post on X and reaffirmed Germany’s support for Ukraine.
French President Emmanuel Macron also condemned the latest Russian strikes, saying civilian targets in Ukraine had once again come under attack. He described the reported use of the nuclear-capable "Oreshnik" missile as a sign of both the deadlock in Russia’s war effort and a dangerous escalation of the conflict. Macron added that France would continue supporting Ukraine and efforts towards a just and lasting peace.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said the massive Russian assault demonstrated "the Kremlin’s brutality and disregard for both human life and peace negotiations."
Terror against civilians, she said, was "not strength" but "desperation." She added that the European Union would continue supporting Ukraine, particularly by strengthening its air defence systems.
EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas described the attacks as "abhorrent acts of terror" against the Ukrainian civilian population. She said Russia had reached a military dead end and was therefore deliberately targeting city centres.
Kallas called the reported use of the "Oreshnik" missile particularly alarming, describing it as "reckless nuclear brinkmanship." EU foreign ministers are expected to discuss further pressure on Russia next week.
The "Oreshnik" missile's first known use came in 2024 during an attack on the Ukrainian city of Dnipro. Since then, the weapon system has become one of the Kremlin’s most closely watched military projects.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has described the ballistic missile as a "state-of-the-art".
Moscow says it is an intermediate-range ballistic missile. It is reportedly capable of hitting targets between 3,000 and 5,500 kilometres away. Russian military officials have claimed this would put large parts of Europe within range.
Belarus is also believed to possess the missile system.
The deployment of the “Oreshnik” missile came as part of a large-scale Russian offensive overnight into Sunday. According to the Ukrainian Air Force, Moscow launched 90 missiles and cruise missiles as well as around 600 drones. Although many of the targets were intercepted, dozens of hits were still reported.
Among the sites damaged was the centrally located studio of German public broadcaster ARD, which was heavily damaged and partially destroyed. According to the broadcaster, a massive blast wave likely caused the destruction, shattering windows and devastating parts of the studio.
No one was injured in the attack. At the time of the strike, no employees were inside the building.
What is Russia’s Oreshnik missile?
Russia’s Oreshnik missile is a nuclear-capable intermediate-range ballistic missile that Moscow says can evade air defences and strike targets across Europe at hypersonic speeds.
Russia’s Oreshnik missile has returned to the spotlight after Moscow confirmed using the nuclear-capable weapon in overnight strikes on Ukraine, sparking fierce criticism from French President Emmanuel Macron and EU officials.
The Oreshnik missile is an intermediate-range ballistic missile that Moscow says can strike targets across Europe and evade modern air defence systems.
Its first known use came in a strike on the Ukrainian city of Dnipro in 2024. The weapon has since become one of the Kremlin’s most closely watched weapons systems.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has described Oreshnik as a “state-of-the-art” weapon capable of carrying multiple warheads and travelling at hypersonic speeds.
How far can the Oreshnik travel?
Russia classifies the Oreshnik, whose name comes from the Russian word for “hazel tree,” as an intermediate-range ballistic missile, meaning it can hit targets between 3,000 and 5,500 kilometres away. Russian military officials say it would be capable of striking targets across much of Europe.
Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko has said the missile has also been deployed in Russian ally Belarus.
Can it carry nuclear warheads?
Russian officials say the missile is nuclear-capable, although the first known strike in Ukraine appeared to use non-nuclear or dummy warheads. Military analysts believe Oreshnik could eventually be equipped with nuclear payloads.
Putin has claimed the missile’s impact generates extreme heat and can destroy deeply protected targets, though the first strike in Dnipro caused relatively limited visible damage, Ukrainian authorities said.
Why is the missile difficult to intercept?
According to the Kremlin, Oreshnik travels at around Mach 10, or roughly 10 times the speed of sound. Russian officials claim this makes it almost impossible for current air defence systems to intercept.
The Center for Strategic and International Studies' Missile Threat project says it is "not uncommon" for ballistic missiles or their reentry vehicles to reach hypersonic speeds.
Where did the missile come from?
The US Department of Defense has described Oreshnik as an experimental system based on Russia’s RS-26 Rubezh, a road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile. Putin has insisted it is not simply a Soviet-era upgrade, but an entirely modern weapon developed after an order issued in 2023.
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