Saturday, September 03, 2022

WORLD WAR Z

With a "Z" on his jacket, Gazprom chief Miller says Murmansk will get gas

As he halts exports to the EU, leader of the powerful state monopoly puts on a button with Russia's war symbol and meets with Murmansk Governor Andrei Chibis.

During his meeting with Andrei Chibis, Gazprom chief Aleksei Miller
 wore a button with a "Z."


By Atle Staalesen
August 31, 2022

Russia is at war, and the country’s biggest natural gas company is actively used as weapon against Ukraine and its European allies. This week, Gazprom announced that it would halt exports through the North Stream 1 pipeline, reportedly for maintenance reasons.

The measure adds pressure on the EU that from before is experiencing an energy crisis triggered by reduced Russian supplies.

In a speech delivered on Wednesday, Miller put the full blame for the energy crisis on the Union itself. Europe’s high priority on renewable energy is the problem, he argued.

According to Miller, EU countries have made “wrong decisions” following heavy pressure from “proponents of so-called accelerated decarbonisation.”

“Our traditional partners started to abandon traditional energy and the system of long-term gas market contracts, which was a blow to the reliability and stability of gas supplies,” the Gazprom chief said.

He did not tell how Russia over a long time has used gas supplies as a political pressure tool against European buyers and how gas exports since late July have been cut to only 20 percent of capacity.

Aleksei Miller also did not say a word about the war in his address. But the onslaught on Ukraine was clearly highlighted by the company leader the day before. When Miller on Tuesday this week met with Murmansk Governor Andrei Chibis he carried a button with a “Z”, the Nazi-inspired symbol of the war.

The button is clearly visible in a photo shared by Governor Chibis.

For Chibis and his far northern region the meeting with Miller appears as a success.

The region has for decades tried to convince Gazprom about the need for a gas pipeline that would allow it to reduce dependance of expensive and dirty fuel oil (mazut). So far, to no avail.

But judging from Governor Chibis, things are starting to change. According to the Governor, Gazprom is now willing to start a process on gasification.

“Gazprom is starting project developments,” Chibis said after his meeting with Miller.

The regional leader argues that the meeting with Miller was a breakthrough.

However, many locals remain skeptical. Over many years, they have repeatedly been told that gasification is on the way.

“This is nothing but fantasies,” a man says in a comment posted on the Governor’s VK page.

“Will they manage to do it in the course of this century?” another person ironically asks.
Project seeks to assess respect for Indigenous rights in Sapmi

A project established to gather statistics and assess the respect of Indigenous rights in Sapmi is an important step towards better understanding the situation for Saami in northern Europe, says the lawyer that worked on the project for the Saami Council.

“We wanted a tool to estimate and monitor the level of implementation of Indigenous rights in the countries,” said Oula-Antti Labba, the lawyer that worked on the statistic project for the Saami Council.Photo: Kristoffer Hætta/ Saami Council


By Eilís Quinn

“We knew that there was no reliable and appropriate statistics about Saami because the national governments do not keep statistics based on ethnicity,” Oula-Antti Labba told Eye on the Arctic in a phone interview.

In Finland, although the country keeps data on nationality, language and country of birth, they do not keep statistics on ethnicity and Norway also does not include ethnicity in their census, the Saami Council says.

“And there is of course, good reasons to protect ethnic groups from these kinds of ethnic registers,” Labba said. “But it’s also the reason it’s difficult to talk about statistics in terms of Saami and ethnic groups such as Indigenous people.”

The Saami are an Arctic Indigenous people whose traditional homeland spans the Arctic regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in Russia’s western Arctic, an area they refer to collectively as Sapmi.

Labba said one of the most important metrics they wanted to qualify was the state of respect for legal rights in Norway, Sweden and Finland.

“We wanted a tool to estimate and monitor the level of implementation of Indigenous rights in the countries,” he said.

International tool used


The tool used was Indigenous Navigator, something established by the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), a human rights organization.

The Navigator includes some 170 questions in its survey that covers a range of topics from self-determination, human rights and land rights, to education, media and health care.

The tool has previously been used in countries like Brazil.

To do the Sapmi survey the Saami Council partnered with IWGIA, who coordinated the project, and Sámi allaskuvla – Sámi University of Applied Sciences, who helped fund the project and give input into the survey.

Funding also came from Nordic Arctic Co-operation Programme of the Nordic Council of Ministers.

A mountain in Finnmark, Norway. Respect for land rights was one 
of the focuses of the Indigenous Navigator survey. 
Photo: Thomas Nilsen

The Saami Council headed the research for the surveys and talking to Saami organizations and groups about the project.

“The idea is to monitor how the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is recognized and monitored,” Labba said.

National surveys for Norway and Finland got underway in 2021 and have now been published here.

Funding and resources is not yet obtained for Sweden, but Labba says he hopes that can soon go ahead as well.

Filling statistical knowledge gaps going ahead

Labba says the survey results should be able to fill in the gaps in knowledge about Saami.

Going on, he says conversations need to continue on the pros and cons of national governments collecting ethnic data, and how it can be ensured that Indigenous peoples stay the owners of their information.

“It’s an ongoing discussion,” Labba said. “I’m just hoping there’s a good solution in the future where we have a safe and reliable way for collection these statistics about Saami.

“In my opinion, the administrators and ownership of the statistics should the Saami people themselves and they should have the same right to collect this data as other nation states. But of course it’s also a resource issue, but that could be built with a statistic program or perhaps a centre. But yes, I think it could happen in future if we find a safe and reliable way of collecting data and securing Saami collective rights.”

This story is posted on the Barents Observer as part of Eye on the Arctic, a collaborative partnership between public and private circumpolar media organizations.

30 years of Arctic oil cooperation is over

The Kharyaga field in Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Photo: Sven Are Enes / Equinor

Norwegian Equinor on Friday confirmed it has exited all joint ventures in Russia, including the onshore oil-field Kharyaga on the tundra in Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
SEPT 2,2022

The exit is a direct consequence of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.

“As part of the exit from Kharyaga, Equinor has in compliance with applicable sanctions covered decommissioning liabilities accrued and owed by Equinor over the years,” the Norwegian oil major said in the announcement.

The field on the Nenets tundra, where the Norwegians had been a partner since 1999, was the last in the portfolio of assets in Russia now exited.

The Kharyaga field is one of very few projects in Russia operated on a so-called production sharing agreement. It was Total that in 1995 reached agreement with Russian authorities over the project, and in 1999 Norwegian company Norsk Hydro got engaged with a 40 percent stake.

Norsk Hydro later merged with Statoil, that later changed its name to Equinor.

With its 50 percent ownership, the French became operator of the field that had about 160 million tons of oil reserves. The local Nenets Oil Company had 10 percent of the project.

Few years later, the Norwegian stake was taken over by Statoil, the state company that today carries the name Equinor.


Statoil was a well-known brand on the Kola Peninsula where it was first to establish Western-standard filling stations.

The fuel and retail business was sold to BP in 2014, and from 2015 the branding Statoil was phased out and replaced by Circle K.

 

Norwegian Statoil fuel and retail had seven gas filling stations in the Murmansk region. Photo: Thomas Nilsen

 

Equinor has been in Russia for over 30 years. Since 2012, a lion’s share of the company’s operations in the country has been in cooperation with Rosneft, the company that now is subjected to sanctions by both the EU and USA.

Rosneft and Equinor had a strategic plan for future cooperation offshore in the northern part of the Barents Sea.

Now, the final chapter in the book of cooperation is closed.

 

Construction of second Arctic floating nuclear power plant is underway

Three years after “Akademik Lomonosov” started to produce electricity for the remote Siberian community of Pevek, the first of four in a new generation of up-scaled floating nuclear power plants for the Arctic is now officially under construction at a yard in China.

August 30, 2022


The hull to the first two new floating NPPs will be built in China. This is unlike the “Akademik Lomonosov” whose hull was built in Severodvinsk by the White Sea before being towed to St. Petersburg where reactors and other gear were built.

Atomenergomash, a sub-company of Russia’s Rosatom state nuclear corporation, took part in the keel laying ceremony via a video-link from Moscow to the yard in Nantong in the southeastern Jiangsu province.

The barge will be 140 meters long and 30 meters wide and will have a weight of nearly 10,000 tons, Atomenergomash informs.

By the end of 2023, the barge will be towed to Russia where installation of the reactors, auxiliary equipment, control room and accommodation area will take place.

The company doesn’t say which shipyard in Russia will do the job; the Baltiskiy Yard in St. Petersburg or the Zvezda Yard in Bolshoy Kamen in the Far East of the country. Severodvinsk in the northwest is likely too busy with building military nuclear submarines.

By the end of 2022, a decision will be taken on where to build the hulls for the third and fourth floating NPP.

As previously reported by the Barents Observer, the contract to supply four floating nuclear power plants to Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was signed with Rosatom last year.

Each of the plants will have an installed electric capacity of 106 MW.

While the “Akademik Lomonosov” has two KLT-40 reactors similar to those powering the former Arktika-class of nuclear-powered icebreakers, the new generation now being built will get an upgraded version of the RITM-200 reactors producing more steam to the generators.

 

The «Akademik Lomonosov» was towed to Siberia from Murmansk in august 2019. Photo: Anna Kireeva

 

RITM-200 is the reactor type being used onboard the new icebreakers of Project 22220, of which “Arktika” and “Sibir” are already sailing northern waters, while three more currently are under construction in St. Petersburg.

Russia hopes the floating NPPs in the Arctic will trigger interest from other countries.

Atomenergomash Director, Andrey Nikipelov, said this new family of NPPs can have different power and purposes; for the Arctic or the tropics.

“Atomenergomash is ready to offer it to the market,” he said underlining that floating NPPs have a “serious potential for exports.”


Keel laying ceremony for the first of Russia’s new generation floating nuclear power plants took place at China’s Wison Heavy Industries Co yard in Nantong on August 30. Photo: Rosatom

Solar power project proposed for Nunavut’s Coral Harbor

The $10 million project could provide 31 percent of the community’s energy needs.


Kivalliq Alternative Energy Ltd. is proposing a solar energy project in Coral Harbor. Construction is planned for 2024. (Nunatsiaq News)

A significant amount of renewable energy could potentially come to Coral Harbor in the future.

Kivalliq Alternative Energy Ltd. gave a revised proposal on Aug. 12 for Coral Harbor to be the location for a solar energy generation and storage project. The proposal has been posted to the Nunavut Impact Review Board’s project registry.

The project includes a nearly one-megawatt power system with a one-megawatt-hour battery. Combined, this solar energy system could provide up to 31 per cent of the Coral Harbor’s energy needs, according to Kivalliq Alternative Energy.

It would divert an estimated 360,000 liters of diesel from the community annually, and more than 10 million liters of diesel over the 30-year lifetime of the project.

The solar energy would be part of a micro-grid that remotely connects with the hamlet’s utility, Qulliq Energy Corporation.

To date, feasibility work has been done, including selecting a project site, surveying the site, developing a solar project design and creating a budget. The project site is approximately 10 kilometers northwest of Coral Harbor.

The company plans to spend the next two years getting a land lease, technical assessment of the site, procuring supplies and studying how to connect the project with the utility.

Kivalliq Alternative Energy says it is also awaiting the release of QEC’s independent power producer policy, which is required for a non-utility owned energy project to be constructed.

Construction is expected to start by 2024. Project manager Dana May said it is estimated to cost between $10 million and $12 million.

This project was created in partnership with the Coral Harbor Community Energy Plan, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions in the community.

Kivalliq Alternative Energy has received funding for the development stage, up until 2024, but is still seeking funding for construction.

The opportunity to comment on the project through the Nunavut Impact Review Board closes on Sept. 19.

Norway to extend life of its last Arctic coal mine

The mine was set to close next year as islands in the Svalbard archipelago switch to less-polluting fuel.


An old locomotive train that was used for transporting coal is preserved as a monument at Ny-Alesund, in Svalbard, Norway, October 13, 2015. (Anna Filipova / Reuters)

Norway’s state-owned coal company will extend production at its last mine in the Arctic Svalbard archipelago by two years until mid-2025 to help ensure supplies to European steel-makers at a time of war, the government said on Friday.

The decision reverses a plan to shut the mine next year when the local coal-fired power station is set to close as the islands switch to less-polluting fuel.

“There is war and significant uncertainty regarding access to critically important raw materials, including for Europe’s steel production on which we also depend,” Norwegian Industry Minister Jan Christian Vestre said in a statement.

“Norway must take its part of the responsibility for the security of supply of commodities,” he said.

Russia invaded Ukraine on Feb. 24 in what it called a “special operation” to demilitarize and “denazify” its neighbor.

While Store Norske Spitsbergen Kullkompani (SNSK) has shut its major mines in the islands over the past two decades, it has kept the smaller Mine 7 open to produce some 125,000 tonnes per year to supply the local plant and ensure some exports.

Environmentalists have for many years called for an end to Norway’s coal extraction.

The Arctic islands are warming faster than almost anywhere on Earth, highlighting the risks to fragile ecosystems from climate change, and Norway aims to cut its overall emissions, although it also remains a major oil and gas producer.

Located around 700 km (435 miles) north of the European mainland, Svalbard is governed under a 1920 treaty giving Norway sovereignty but allowing all nations signing it to do business there and to exploit its natural resources.

Russia operates a coal mine at its Barentsburg settlement.

Hong Kong man snared twice by job scams in Thailand and trafficked to Myanmar, lawmaker reveals

Pexels

A Hong Kong man trafficked in Thailand and later hoodwinked with the offer of a clerical post with a salary of just HK$10,000 (S$1,700) proved job scams in Southeast Asian countries were not just advertised with suspiciously large salaries, a lawmaker said on Monday (Aug 29).

Elizabeth Quat, of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong, said the victim, who is in his 30s and had approached her for help, went to Thailand in July after he was hired for a high-paying casino job, but fled after he discovered it was a scam.

But the legislator explained the man could not immediately return to Hong Kong because he was unable to book a quarantine hotel, so tried to get another job in the area and was offered a clerical post with such a low salary he believed it could not be a scam.

“When he went to work, he found out it was a fraudulent job again and asked to leave. The staff said they would drive him back to the city but as soon as he got in the car he was kidnapped and imprisoned for more than 20 days,” Quat said.

“There were gunmen stationed at the scene, making it difficult to escape.”

Quat added that the man was later sold to another criminal enterprise in Myanmar, where he was forced to say that he had volunteered to work there.

She said the swindlers asked the victim’s family to pay a ransom of at least HK$100,000 several times, but were unsuccessful.

“The victim heard that some people had their fingers cut off because they refused to work,” she added.

The man was still imprisoned at the site and he suspected there were soldiers armed with guns there, Quat said.

“He is scared every day and he didn’t want to bring trouble to his family. However, if he stayed, he would be sold to another place or forced to become a criminal tool of the gang and his life would be worse than death,” she said.

“He asked the government and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to help him urgently.”

Lawmaker Elizabeth Quat issues a warning that bogus job offers in Southeast Asia don’t always offer big money.
Photo: South China Morning Post

Quat said the man’s parents had contacted police in Hong Kong and immigration officials.

Local authorities have so far received 43 requests for help in connection with human trafficking scams since January.

Some 28 of the victims have been confirmed to be safe, with 23 having returned to Hong Kong.

Three of the remaining 15 are in Myanmar and the rest are in Cambodia. Many of the cases involve employment scams.

A spokesman for the Security Bureau said another victim who had earlier asked for help from the Assistance to Hong Kong Residents Unit of the Immigration Department had returned from Thailand.

A total of 13 people who had asked for help had since returned to Hong Kong safely as a result of the work of the specialist task force, he added.

Many of the victims were lured to Southeast Asian countries, including Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar and Laos, with offers of well-paid jobs and accommodation.

But their passports were seized on arrival and the victims were sold on to different groups and forced to work running phone or online scams.

The bureau also appealed to the public to contact the Immigration Department as soon as possible if they had information on anyone who may have fallen victim to a scam. The department’s hotline is 1868.

Cambodian news outlets have reported that a total of 19 Thai men and women had been released from captivity after they were passed information by the Thai embassy in the country.

The rescued people said they were illegally detained and forced to work, but officials found that 15 of them had criminal records for fraud and were wanted in Thailand.

Media reports explained all those rescued had Thai identification cards but no passports and that they had been smuggled into Cambodia through a small port on the border between the two countries.

Cambodian authorities have identified 87 cases of suspected human trafficking and rescued 865 people between Jan 1 to Aug 20, including people from Hong Kong.

This article was first published in South China Morning Post.

Joe Biden appoints two Indian-Americans to his National Infrastructure Advisory Council

Asthana oversees the largest power grid in North America and one of the largest electricity markets in the world as the CEO and president of PJM


Joe Biden
Lalit K Jha | Washington |

 Published 01.09.22,

US President Joe Biden has announced his intent to appoint Indian-Americans Manu Asthana and Madhu Beriwal to his National Infrastructure Advisory Council.

The President's National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC) advises the White House on how to reduce physical and cyber risks, and improve security and resilience of the nation's critical infrastructure sectors.

The 26 individuals announced Wednesday to the NIAC are leading senior executives with deep experience across a broad range of sectors, including banking and finance, transportation, energy, water, dams, defence, communications, information technology, healthcare services, food and agriculture, government facilities, emergency services, and higher education.

Asthana oversees the largest power grid in North America and one of the largest electricity markets in the world as the CEO and president of PJM.

"Under his leadership, PJM has established a clear path for defining the grid operator's role in the transition to a cleaner, more efficient grid while maintaining reliable electric service," the White House said.

Asthana has extensive leadership experience in the energy industry in the areas of power generation operations, optimisation and dispatch, competitive retail electricity, electricity and natural gas trading, and risk management. He is a member of the Electricity Subsector Coordinating Council and serves on the Board of Trustees of Texas Children's Hospital, the White House added.

"He also serves on the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce for Greater Philadelphia. Asthana earned a Bachelor of Science in economics from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was a Benjamin Franklin Scholar and a Joseph Wharton Scholar," it said.

Madhu Beriwal founded the Innovative Emergency Management, Inc. (IEM) in 1985 and continues to serve as its CEO and president. IEM is the largest woman-led homeland security and emergency management firm in the United States.

"Under Beriwal's leadership, IEM has led some of the largest mitigation and resilience efforts across the United States, building back stronger following disasters including disaster recovery programs, delivering federal funds to survivors and communities faster than any other program of the same type and magnitude," the White House said.

"For over 37 years, Beriwal has been dedicated to the use of technology to enhance preparedness and response, and build resilience in communities and their critical infrastructure. She was inducted into the International Women in Homeland Security and Emergency Management Hall of Fame in 2012," it said.

She holds a master's degree in urban planning and a bachelor's degree in geography and economics.

PTI
The genes of a jellyfish show how to live forever

The Economist Sep 01 2022

UNSPLASH
A jellyfish that can live forever.

Billionaires seeking eternal life (and sponsorship of startup companies in this field suggests there are several of them around) could do worse than study Turritopsis dohrnii, known colloquially as “the immortal jellyfish”. It is not quite literally immortal. Individuals of the species do die. But those that live long enough can rejuvenate and, having done so, go through their whole lifecycles again. And again. And again.

As is true of most jellyfish, that lifecycle includes a sedentary, asexual stage, known as a polyp, and a swimming, sexual stage called a medusa. Larvae produced by sexual reproduction then develop into the polyps of the asexual stage. But T. dohrnii can generate polyps in another way, as well, by the reduction of a post-reproductive medusa to a cyst that then gives rise to one.

Pulling this trick off does, though, involve a lot of genetic jiggery pokery. And that is the subject of a study just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Maria Pascual-Torner and Dido Carrero, of Oviedo University, in Spain, and their colleagues. By comparing the genome of T. dohrnii with that of a related, but mortal species, T. rubra, and also studying which genes are active during the process of rejuvenation, they have been able to identify some of the DNA that gives T. dohrnii its age-defying abilities.

Why animals become more decrepit with time, despite having repair mechanisms, is most easily explained by what is known as disposable-soma theory. This starts from the observation that regardless of how well it is maintained throughout the years, an individual organism is one day going to be killed by a predator, a disease, a rival or an accident. Natural selection will therefore favour a successful youth over a successful old age, since the latter may never arrive. Repair is thus good enough, rather than perfect.

The result is that animals which do manage to get old suffer the consequences of their earlier exuberance. These include breakdown of DNA-repair mechanisms, oxidative damage caused as part of the chemical process of respiration, degradation of the structures, called telomeres, that cap a cell’s chromosomes and loss of so-called pluripotent stem cells, which permit the repair of damaged tissues. Rejuvenating this lot is a big project.

To begin their investigation, Dr Pascual-Torner and Dr Carrero identified 1000 genes from T. dohrnii’s genome that are known, in other species, to regulate aspects of ageing such as those listed above. Comparing these with the genome of T. rubra they identified 28 genes that had different numbers of copies in the two species, and thus, presumably, resulted in different amounts of the proteins they encoded, and also ten unique genetic variants.

These differences suggested that T. dohrnii did indeed invest heavily in DNA replication and repair, in regulating its response to oxidative stress, in repairing telomeres and in maintaining stem-cell pluripotency. Moreover, many of the genes involved were specifically activated during the transition from medusa to polyp.

ROD BUDD/STUFF
Pulling this trick off does, though, involve a lot of genetic jiggery pokery.

There were also changes in genes with activities probably related to guiding that metamorphosis. These included genes regulating the transcription of DNA into RNA messenger molecules that carry instructions to a cell’s protein factories, allowing a cell to be reprogrammed, and those governing the way cells communicate with each other, which would be important in the wholesale bodily reshaping that the animal undergoes.

Some of this information may well illuminate understanding of the way human beings age. Though the common ancestor of jellyfish and vertebrates predates the Cambrian period, which began about 540 million years ago, many of the genes involved are shared by the two groups, albeit with considerable differences.

That said, rejuvenation of the sort T. dohrnii experiences, which involves the body being largely rebuilt, does seem a rather extreme answer to the question, “would you like to live forever?”

© 2020 The Economist Newspaper Limited. All rights reserved. From The Economist published under licence. The original article can be found on www.economist.com.

Robot lends a hand at Japanese convenience store

The "conbini," as the ubiquitous tiny stores selling snacks, drinks and knick-knacks are called, is getting some sorely needed help from robots in labor-short Japan. (Sep. 1) (AP video by Haruka Nuga)