Thursday, February 01, 2024

Farmers tear down statue of British steel baron outside EU Parliament


Joe Barnes
Thu, 1 February 2024

Belgian farmers mistakenly toppled a statue of a 19th-century British industrialist in a protest outside the European Parliament.

Early on Thursday morning, the militant farmers dragged down the monument in fury over European Union and national rules that they say threaten their livelihoods.

The men believed they had hauled a homage to one of the bloc’s founding fathers to the ground.

In fact, it was a tribute to John Cockerill, a Lancashire-born steel baron who helped revive Belgium’s ailing wool industry and transformed the country’s railways.

The statue, which features depictions of the industrialist and four of his workers, was constructed in 1871, almost 100 years before the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community.


Protesters left the statue in ruins - Yves Rouyet

The monument to John Cockerill was built in 1872 - Sameer Al-Doumy/AFP via Getty Images

Frustrated farmers lobbed eggs at riot police who set up barbed-wire fences to block their path.

“We’re here to make crepes,” one farmer from Belgium’s French-speaking Wallonia region, who wished to remain anonymous, told The Telegraph as he arrived at the scene with dozens of eggs.

“Or omelettes,” a colleague joked.

Black smoke from burning tyres rose into the air near the police cordon.

Hose-wielding police officers attempted to douse the flames of one fire, but gave up as it became clear the protesting farmers posed no danger.

Sound systems blaring out Belgian disco classics like Pump Up The Jam were frequently interrupted by exploding firecrackers and bleating tractor horns.

Farmers threw eggs at riot police who set up barbed-wire fences to block their path outside the European Parliament - DIRK WAEM/Belga/AFP via Getty Images

At one point, a group of a dozen pro-Palestine demonstrators attempted to jump on the bandwagon of the farmers, crashing their broadcast interviews.

It wasn’t long until the same militant farmers who toppled the statue turned them back by letting off homemade fireworks.

When a member of the anti-Israel group tried to give a speech through one of the loudspeakers, he was drowned out by a farmer turning up the volume of a Fleetwood Mac song blaring from his stereo.

For the most part, a festive mood prevailed as protesters handed out supplies of cheap Jupiler lager.

The Beer Factory, a pub once frequented by Nigel Farage’s MEPs of Ukip and the Brexit Party, was packed with farmers from Belgium’s Dutch-speaking Flanders region by 11am.



But the conversation often turned to the trouble faced by farmers across Europe.

They argue that the EU’s drive to become net zero by 2050 has put businesses at risk.

Mr Dickens has been ordered to shrink his herd of milk cows by some 45 per cent to fulfil new targets to lower nitrogen emissions.

And that is only a diktat from the regional Flanders authorities.

When asked what will happen when the European rules are further tightened, he responded: “I can hang myself up… then it’s finished for me.”

He and his wife, Isabel Proost, had hoped to pass their farm onto their daughter, extending a family tradition that started in 1952 when Mr Dickens’ grandfather first milked his own cow.

Other farmers were concerned about Mercosur, a trade pact between the EU and a bloc of South American countries.

A group of Left-wing farmers, mainly made up of travelling Spaniards, denounced the deal as opening the door to “global players” and shutting out family-run enterprises.

It is the same agreement, still being negotiated by the European Commission, that France has promised revolting farmers it will block in a bid to soften their protest movement.

Protesting farmers outside the Place du Luxembourg - Cyril Marcilhacy/Bloomberg

Other EU leaders acknowledged the growing threat that angry farmers pose ahead of this year’s Europe-wide elections.

Roberta Metsola, president of the European Parliament, said: “We see you, we hear you. If you want your voice to be heard, make it heard also in June, when you vote for the European Parliament elections.”

“The concerns expressed by farmers are partly legitimate,” Alexander De Croo, the Belgian prime minister, said on arriving at the EU summit.

“They have already made a great deal of effort. We must ensure that they receive a fair price for the quality products they produce.”

But warm words weren’t enough to deter Mr Dickens, who opted to travel by train to Brussels because his tractor is set to take part in an attempt to blockade Belgium’s borders on Friday.

“We’re here to start a fire,” he proclaimed.

 
TOO LITTLE TOO LATE
Biden imposes sanctions over 'intolerable' Israeli settler violence

Shaun TANDON
Thu, 1 February 2024 

Israeli security forces deploy while clashing with Palestinians during the funeral of 19-year-old Labib Damidi, who was shot dead by settlers in the occupied West Bank town of Huwara on October 6, 2023 (Jaafar ASHTIYEH)

The United States on Thursday imposed sanctions on four Israeli settlers as President Joe Biden said violence against Palestinian civilians in the West Bank had reached intolerable levels.

The sanctions marked a rare move by the United States against Israelis as war rages with Hamas in the Gaza Strip and came as Biden traveled to Michigan, whose sizable Arab American community has voiced anger over his support for Israel.

Biden issued an executive order laying out the groundwork for US measures in response to attacks and "acts of terrorism" in the West Bank, where settlers have rampaged against Palestinians amid the separate military campaign in the Gaza Strip.


"The situation in the West Bank -- in particular high levels of extremist settler violence, forced displacement of people and villages, and property destruction -- has reached intolerable levels and constitutes a serious threat to the peace, security and stability," Biden said in the order.

The State Department later announced sanctions against four settlers. Any assets they hold in the United States will be blocked, with Americans forbidden from financial transactions with them.

The four settlers include David Chai Chasdai from the flashpoint town of Huwara who is accused of leading a riot that led to the death of a Palestinian civilian.

Other targets included Yinon Levi, who is accused of leading a group of settlers from the unauthorized outpost of Meitarim Farm who have assaulted Palestinian and Bedouin civilians, burned their fields and destroyed their property.

"Israel must do more to stop violence against civilians in the West Bank and hold accountable those responsible for it," said Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who has repeatedly raised settler violence with Israel and leaves shortly on a new trip to the region.

Blinken warned against actions that jeopardize the eventual creation of a Palestinian state, an idea that is strongly opposed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's far-right government which includes settler advocates.

Israel criticized the sanctions by its close ally.

"Israel acts against all lawbreakers everywhere, so there is no room for exceptional measures in this regard," said a statement by Netanyahu's office.

- Most violent year on record -

The action marks the first financial sanctions against settlers although the Biden administration earlier announced that it would refuse visas for extremists involved in violence.

Biden has defended Israel's right to respond, and resisted calls to seek a ceasefire, after the Hamas attack inside Israel on October 7 killed around 1,140 people, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally based on official figures.

Biden, however, has also voiced exasperation with Netanyahu and the high toll on civilians as Israel pounds the Gaza Strip with a stated goal of eradicating Hamas.

At least 26,900 people in Gaza, most of them women and children, have been killed, according to the health ministry in the Hamas-run territory.

Arab Americans largely backed Biden as he defeated Trump in 2020 and, while a small part of the national population, they could swing the election in Michigan, which is critical for the Democratic president's success in an expected rematch against Trump in November.

The mayor of one Detroit suburb is refusing to see Biden on his trip due to his refusal to press Israel to end the military campaign.

Israeli settlers killed at least 10 Palestinians and torched dozens of homes in the occupied West Bank in 2023, making it the "most violent" year on record for settler attacks, according to the human rights group Yesh Din.

About 490,000 settlers live among approximately three million Palestinians in the West Bank, in settlements that are considered illegal under international law.

Biden has largely returned to historic US opposition to the settlements after Trump switched gears and declined to criticize the outposts, with his secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, visiting a settlement late in his term.

The Biden administration is also renewing calls for the creation of a Palestinian state, an idea strongly opposed by Netanyahu's government.

sct/bgs
ZIONIST WAR CRIME
Israeli ministers reportedly considering limiting aid entering Gaza


Bethan McKernan and Quique Kierszenbaum at the Kerem Shalom crossing
Thu, 1 February 2024 

The Kerem Shalom crossing, where far-right protesters have tried to stop aid from entering Gaza.Photograph: Menahem Kahana/AFP/Getty Images

Ministers in Israel’s war cabinet are reportedly considering limiting the amount of aid reaching Gaza, as rightwing protesters disrupt the entry of trucks carrying desperately needed humanitarian supplies to the besieged Palestinian territory.

Benny Gantz, the centrist retired army general who joined an emergency wartime government formed by the prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, after 7 October, and Gadi Eisenkot, a former chief of staff of the Israeli army and war cabinet observer, have suggested temporarily limiting aid to weaken the Hamas, Israel’s Channel 12 reported late on Wednesday.

The two National Unity party politicians put the proposal forward in meetings this week, the station said, after receiving a report from Israel’s internal security service that estimated up to 66% of aid entering Gaza was being hijacked by Hamas. That figure cannot be independently verified, but reports of desperate people or armed men seizing aid deliveries have become common in the strip.


“We can consider reducing the scope of supplies as part of the pressure to build a different mechanism in the Gaza Strip and as part of the efforts to free the hostages,” the politicians reportedly said.

No final decision has been made on the issue, Channel 12 said. Netanyahu’s office did not immediately respond to the Guardian’s request for comment.

Humanitarian groups including the UN estimate that 500 lorries carrying aid are required daily to provide the minimum help required to the people of Gaza, but the number able to cross through Egyptian and Israeli checkpoints is often below 100. Kerem Shalom crossing, which before the war was where commercial goods entered Gaza, was reopened by Israeli officials in mid-December at the request of the US, in order to increase and speed up deliveries.

The Channel 12 report comes a week after the international court of justice ruled that Israel must “take all measures within its power” to avoid a genocide in its war with Hamas, as well as to immediately “enable the provision of urgently needed basic services and humanitarian assistance” to address the devastating humanitarian crisis facing Gaza’s 2.3 million people.

About 27,000 people in Gaza have been killed and more than 85% of the population have been forced from their homes in the nearly four-month-old war sparked by Hamas’s attack on Israeli communities, in which 1,200 people were killed about 250 abducted.

Revelations last week that 12 members of the UN’s agency for Palestinian refugees, UNRWA, which employs 13,000 people in the Gaza Strip and provides essential public services, had been accused of taking part in the 7 October attack have put a spotlight on humanitarian agencies working in the territory. Several western countries have suspended funding in response to the allegations. Palestinians and aid workers have urged donor countries to reconsider, saying that the funding freeze amounts to collective punishment and will lead to famine.Interactive

According to Marwan al-Hams, the director of al-Najjar hospital in Rafah, much of the medical aid that is entering the strip is “largely random”. Deliveries have included special refrigerators for storing Covid-19 vaccinations, Covid testing devices, and personal protective equipment. Rafah, Gaza’s southernmost town, has been inundated with people displaced from elsewhere in the territory.

While there are no statistics on what is sent or whether it is used, Hams said, a list of needs is compiled by the Palestinian ministry of health and distributed to all parties. Representatives for UNRWA and the World Health Organization did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

“Much needed items like sterile surgical gauze often do not reach Gaza, and anaesthetics enter at a very small rate. Medications for kidney failure and cancer are nonexistent, and those for chronic diseases are very scarce,” he said. “Many essential devices, such as drills used in orthopaedic surgery, are not available because the existing ones are broken, and hospital beds are in acute shortage.”

The reported proposal to limit aid comes after protests by Israel’s far right at the Kerem Shalom and Nitzana crossings with Gaza and Egypt respectively, aimed at halting the flow of aid into the territory.

The demonstrations, now in their second week, managed initially to severely slow the movement of aid lorries. Several relatives of the remaining Israeli hostages held in Gaza attended the first handful of protests. Four drivers were reportedly assaulted during protests last Sunday.

The demonstrations have been somewhat curtailed after an army decision on Monday to declare the two crossings as closed military zones and set up checkpoints. A few dozen people still managed to make it to the crossings on Wednesday, some walking for several hours across fields after cars and buses were turned back.

About 30 people were arrested in scuffles with police on Wednesday.

“Not one bit of aid goes into Gaza until the last hostage is released,” one of the leaders of the campaign, Sefi Ben Chaim, told about 200 demonstrators on Sunday. “Every drop of aid goes to a Hamas fighter who is shooting at our soldiers … No country in the world aids its enemies in such a way.”

Rivka, 38, from Rehavot, said she had taken a day off work to be at the protest on Wednesday. Blocking aid to Gaza was an initiative that “transcends left and right”, she said.

“I don’t believe there are innocent people in the Gaza Strip any more,” she said. “If it comes down to my children, or their children, there is no contest. I don’t want to take my traumatised three-year-old into the bomb shelter any more.”

The Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh travelled to Cairo on Wednesday to discuss a ceasefire proposal that would reportedly involve the staged release of Israeli hostages.

The plan emerged from talks in Paris involving intelligence officials from Israel, the US and Egypt, and the prime minister of Qatar. Efforts to broker a ceasefire have been under way since a seven-day truce in November, in which about 100 Israeli hostages were exchanged for 240 Palestinian women and children held in Israeli jails.
UK
Grenfell Tower firefighters win £20m damages in out-of-court settlement


Robert Booth Social affairs correspondent
Thu, 1 February 2024 

Some firefighters who tackled the blaze at Grenfell Tower in west London have been unable to work again due to severe trauma.
Photograph: Glyn Kirk/AFP/Getty Images

Firefighters who attended the Grenfell Tower fire have secured up to £1.1m each in compensation after they sued construction companies, the landlord of the council block and the London fire commissioner.

Payouts to 114 firefighters will vary from £10,000 to £1.1m and total £20m. The out-of-court settlement follows a £150m payout last year in a similar civil claim brought by nearly 900 bereaved, survivors and residents of the disaster in west London that killed 72 people.

Lawyers for a smaller group of residents of the tower, senior fire officers and police officers are understood to be in negotiations.

Some of the firefighters were unable to work again because of severe trauma, and the claims were brought for personal injury and loss caused by alleged negligence and breach of statutory duty when they attended the blaze on 14 June 2017.

Vincent Reynolds, a lawyer at Thompsons Solicitors, which represented the firefighters through the Fire Brigades Union, said the blaze exposed them to “unimaginable scenes”.

“We hope this settlement brings closure of a sort for these firefighters, although we know that for many, the injuries will be for a lifetime,” he said.

If the case had gone to trial the firefighters were likely to have argued that the London fire brigade was partly responsible because of a lack of training and preparedness for high-rise fires and the way the stay-put policy, which instructed residents to remain in their flats, was handled.

Reynolds said the organisations that settled were Arconic, the US firm which made the combustible cladding; Celotex, the arm of the multinational company Saint Gobain which made the combustible insulation; Rydon, the main contractor, and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and its tenants management organisation. The companies have been approached for comment.

A spokesperson for the London fire brigade, which was part of the settlement, said: “We’re committed to doing all we can to make sure this tragedy is never repeated again and have been working hard to transform and improve our ways of working. Support remains available to those who attended the Grenfell Tower fire, and all our staff.”

The government is facing growing pressure to commit funding to the multimillion-pound Grenfell Tower memorial, with leading community members demanding “greater budgetary certainty”. Sandra Ruiz, a member of the Grenfell Tower Memorial Commission who lost her 12-year-old niece Jessica Urbano Ramirez in the fire, last week confronted government officials on the issue at the Grenfell Testimony Week event.

The government has estimated that the costs of looking after the Grenfell Tower site and funding the memorial will eventually reach £340m, but it remains unclear what the budget for the memorial and its upkeep will be.

“Promises are made quickly,” Ruiz said. “Action is slow to follow. And the pain of not having somewhere to remember grows, as does the feeling of injustice. Are we being delayed so that people forget?”

On Wednesday the commission, which is chaired by Paul Boateng, a Labour peer who is a former minister, and Thelma Stober, the solicitor and mediator, also issued a statement which said that issuing a design brief to architects for the memorial was not possible without “greater certainty around the budgetary framework and about what the commitments made by government will mean in practice”.

The Department for Levelling up, Housing and Communities has been approached for comment.


UK
Regent’s Park gardeners go on strike in row over which Royal Park pays most

Joe Wright
Thu, 1 February 2024 

Gardeners for the Royal Parks last year claimed a top prize at the National Landscaping Awards - Tibor Bognar/The Image Bank RF

Award-winning gardeners have gone on strike in a row over pay discrepancies at London’s Royal Parks.

Regent’s Park garden staff began a 24-hour walkout on Thursday morning, claiming they are paid a “pittance” to look after the sprawling 410-acre site.

Known as the “jewel in the crown” of the eight Royal Parks, Regent’s boasts the capital’s largest collection of roses.

Members of GMB Union who work at the park said they earn a minimum of just £11.95 an hour, but said staff at other Royal Parks – such as Hyde Park and Green Park – are paid at least £13.03.

The 30-strong workforce at Regent’s Park are employed by private contractor Idverde on behalf of The Royal Parks charity, which oversees management of the so-called “lungs of London” beauty spots.

GMB claimed skilled gardeners – who last year won the top prize for excellence in grounds maintenance at the National Landscaping Awards – were leaving their roles as a result of the pay gap.

A spokesman said: “These highly skilled gardeners have won several awards for their work over the past few years.

“It’s a shame their employer Idverde and The Royal Parks do not recognise it and pay them a pittance – less than colleagues working in other parks.

“They maintain these grounds for the benefit of all Londoners, but they now face the ugly prospect of being priced out of their own city.”

Idverde, which manages ground maintenance payroll at seven of the eight Royal Parks, said it was “disappointed” by the strike action, but said it was in talks with employees and was “hopeful of a workable resolution”.

A spokesman said there may be variances in pay across the parks due to the nature of individual contracts, which may be decided at different times of the year, as well as differences in skills which could also affect remuneration.

Idverde has held the contract for Regent’s since 2014, and took on the running of six other parks in 2022.

The Royal Parks insisted all staff working on outsourced ground maintenance contracts are paid, at minimum, the London Living Wage, but conceded there may be some exceptions to this rule.

“Other than this, the terms and conditions of staff employed by those contractors are decided by their employers,” a spokesman said.

“The only exception to this is fixed-term apprentices, who are paid National Living Wage while studying for a Level 2 qualification.”

The London Living Wage is an hourly rate of pay. It was £11.95 but employers have to raise it by 10pc to £13.15 before May.

The Royal Parks said this uplift will be brought in before April at all of its parks.

Regent’s Park, which is home to London Zoo and a multi-award winning open air theatre, draws in more than eight million visitors a year. It is the third largest of the Royal Parks, behind Richmond and Bushy.

Gardeners are the latest workers to go on strike, following in the footsteps of train drivers, junior doctors, nurses and teachers to walkout over pay. They are expected to return to work on Friday.

The Royal Parks prides itself on tending to the “most famous collection of urban parks in the world”.

Proposals to build a new garden at Regent’s Park to “celebrate the life and service of the late Queen” are underway, with a planned 2026 opening on what would have been the late monarch’s 100th birthday in 2026.

Last year, The Holme, a 40-bed mansion in the heart of the park, was put on the market for £250m – putting it in the running to be Britain’s most expensive house sale of all time.
Workers at Windsor's Jamieson Laboratories on strike

CBC
Thu, February 1, 2024 at 10:37 a.m. MST·

Employees of Jamieson Laboratories in Windsor hold Unifor flags on a picket line on Thursday. More than 300 Jamieson workers went on strike at midnight Feb. 1. The union said the major issues include wages, job security, and benefits.
 (Dale Molnar/CBC - image credit)

More than 300 workers at Windsor's Jamieson Laboratories are on strike.

Unifor Local 195, which represents the workers, said the strike began at midnight Thursday after the employees rejected the employer's latest offer.

The union said the major issues include wages, benefits and job security.

The 317 striking workers include those who manufacture vitamins, and work in packaging and the company's warehouse.

"Despite extensive discussions, the employer's offer failed to meet the expectations and needs of the membership," the union said in a media release.

"The union emphasized the importance of reaching an agreement that upholds the livelihoods and well-being of their members."

AQUARIA

Zebrafish navigate to find their comfortable temperature


Researchers from Bonn and Munich also find “thermostat” in the animals’ brains


Peer-Reviewed Publication

UNIVERSITY OF BONN

Head of a zebrafish larva 

IMAGE: 

THE TRANSPARENT NATURE OF THESE ANIMALS ALLOWS THEIR BRAIN TO BE IDENTIFIED UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. IT IS COLORED GREEN IN THE IMAGE BECAUSE IT PRODUCES A DYE THAT LIGHTS UP GREEN DURING NEURON ACTIVITY. IMAGE:  PORTUGUES LABORATORY/TUM

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CREDIT: IMAGE:  PORTUGUES LABORATORY/TUM




All animals need to regulate their body temperature and cannot survive for long if it gets too high or too low. Warm-blooded organisms like humans have various ways to do this. They release heat by sweating or expanding the blood vessels in their skin, while shivering or burning fat in their brown adipose tissue has the opposite effect.

Cold-blooded animals such as the zebrafish, by contrast, cannot do any of these, so they have a different strategy. They look for places nearby that are at their “comfortable temperature,” just like how we might go out into the sun when we feel chilly or seek out some shade once it gets too hot. “We formed the idea that cold-blooded organisms use similar brain mechanisms to humans to find the ideal temperature conditions for them and that these help them to know where to go,” explains Professor Ilona Grunwald Kadow from the Institute of Physiology II at the University of Bonn and the University Hospital Bonn.

Fish larvae observed “thinking”

The zebrafish is perfect for testing this idea because its larvae are transparent. This allows scientists to look inside their brains while they perform certain tasks in the laboratory—and these researchers did just that. “The animals had been genetically modified to make their nerve cells produce a dye,” explains Grunwald Kadow from the University Hospital Bonn, who is also a member of the Transdisciplinary Research Area “Life & Health” at the University of Bonn. “This caused their neurons to light up when they were active, enabling us to see under the microscope which areas of their brains were working at that precise moment.”

In their experiments, the researchers surrounded the animals with water that they made hotter or colder. “Then we watched to see how they’d react,” Virginia Palieri explains. For her doctorate at TUM, she studied the degree of similarity between the mechanisms for regulating body temperature used by cold-blooded animals and their warm-blooded counterparts such as humans. “This told us that the fish prefer a temperature of 25.3 degrees Celsius. As soon as it got a few tenths of a degree cooler or warmer, they began to seek out more comfortable surroundings.”

“Satnav” increases the chances of finding ideal living conditions quickly

Two parts of their brain are activated in this process, the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and the dorsal habenula. The POA seems to be primarily responsible for detecting deviations from the fish’s ideal temperature. “When we switched off the animals’ POA, they stopped embarking on searches, even when the temperature of their water was some way off what made them comfortable,” Palieri says. Interestingly, mammals like us have a POA too. “And this region of the brain is likewise responsible for regulating temperature, even in these much more highly developed organisms,” Grunwald Kadow explains. “In them, however, it’s mainly responsible for automatic actions such as sweating or shivering—behavior less so.” Nevertheless, the study has revealed that the brain’s “thermostat” is extremely ancient, meaning that it developed very early on in the evolutionary process.

The habenula, for its part, clearly acts as a kind of “satnav,” showing the fish where it can locate a comfortable temperature and guiding it straight back there. “Thanks to their navigation system, the animals can find their way around very efficiently and make their way back quickly to the spot with the best temperature,” adds Professor Ruben Portugues from the Institute of Neuroscience at TUM and researcher in the Cluster of Excellence “SyNergy”, who led the study together with Ilona Grunwald Kadow.

Deactivating the habenula region robs the fish of its ability to find its way around and forces it to adopt a different search strategy similar to bacteria and other single-celled organisms: it swims in a straight line for a while and then checks whether the temperature has changed to its liking. If so, it carries on in the same direction; if not, it picks a different direction at random and swims off again, repeating the process until it has found somewhere with a more suitable temperature.

Although we still know very little about how exactly the zebrafish’s navigation system works, it is believed to involve special “compass cells.” The habenula might potentially store its location, enabling it to reconstruct sequences of movement. “We now want to examine this hypothesis more closely,” Professor Portugues says. What is also intriguing is that this navigation system is clearly not only used to hunt for places at the right temperature. It also helps to re-locate areas with a good salt level, pH or similar conditions or resources that the fish need in order to survive.

This shows how efficient the brain is: once it has found a solution to a certain problem, it is only too happy to use it for other, similar tasks as well. And this is not just true of individual species, since these solutions have been retained and improved on over the course of evolution.

Institutions involved and funding secured:

TUM, the University of Bonn, the University Hospital Bonn and Ohio State University in the US were involved in the study, which was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Volkswagen Foundation and the European Research Council (ERC).

 

Rural placements for medical students feed ‘pipeline’ for new family docs


New study underscores success of U of A program in helping address Alberta's shortage of rural doctors


UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA




EDMONTON — New research shows an innovative education program is helping to address Alberta’s rural doctor shortage by making it more likely medical students will set up a rural family practice after graduation.

The University of Alberta was one of the first medical schools in Canada to set up its Rural Integrated Community Clerkship program back in 2007. It sends up to 25 third-year students for 10-month intensive work experiences with a single or small number of teaching physicians. 

Instead of rotating to a new specialty placement every four to six weeks as in an urban clerkship, the students learn about surgery, pediatrics, internal medicine, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology in an integrated fashion in one community such as Bonnyville, Peace River, Hinton or Camrose.

“The biggest advantage the rural clerkship students have is the relationships they develop with their teachers, with their patients and with their community,” explains principal investigator Jill Konkin.

In a recently published study, researchers tracked 1,105 U of A medical grads from 2009 to 2016. Of that cohort, 195 chose to become rural practitioners and 510 became family practitioners. Taking part in the rural clerkship was found to be a more reliable predictor for those choices than having a rural background.

“Integrated Community Clerkship participation had more influence than rural background on students’ choice of rural and/or family practice,” the authors report. “Our results show that the rural pipeline principle works.”

“We know how to make rural physicians,” concludes first author Darren Nichols, associate professor of family medicine, noting the students develop “adaptive expertise” that allows them to be ready to treat a variety of patients, rather than seeing a limited set of problems repeatedly as a specialist. “We can take any student, regardless of background or future career plan, and provide them the opportunity to have their life changed,” Nichols says. “They know how to approach any problem. That’s much harder than being a specialist.”

 

The ShAPE of buildings to come: Scrap aluminum transforms recycling life cycle


Energy savings approaching 90 percent expected from employing entirely post-consumer aluminum to make high-grade building components

Business Announcement

DOE/PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY

Post-consumer recycled aluminum scrap 

IMAGE: 

POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED ALUMINUM SCRAP TRANSFORMS INTO NEW BUILDING MATERIALS THROUGH SHEAR ASSISTED PROCESSING AND EXTRUSION (SHAPE) A PATENTED MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

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CREDIT: ANDREA STARR | PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY




RICHLAND, Wash.—The circular economy just closed the loop on scrap aluminum, thanks to a new patent-pending technology developed at the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. That twisted aluminum mesh, those banged up bicycle frames, and the used car parts now languishing in junk yards could gain new life as building structures such as door and window frames, facades, lighting, decorative features and a myriad of other uses—all while conserving nearly all the energy required to manufacture new aluminum products.

It’s no secret that strong, yet light-weight aluminum parts are being deployed more often as building materials. But there’s a high energy and greenhouse gas emissions cost to mining and refining aluminum. According to the International Aluminum Institute, the production of 1 ton of primary aluminum emits an average of 17 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Now, rather than processing mined aluminum, rigorous laboratory testing has shown that PNNL’s Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion Process (ShAPE™) can transform 100 percent post-consumer scrap aluminum into usable extrusions that meet or exceed stringent ASTM standards for strength and flexibility for common building-grade alloys 6061 and 6063. The ShAPE technology unlocks the possibility of creating circularity in aluminum scrap markets, thus reducing dependency on imported primary aluminum and the massive amounts of energy associated with its production.

[See how it works]

“With approximately 55 percent of the global aluminum extrusion market servicing the building and construction industry, the evolution of ShAPE to include aluminum recycling for building structures is an enormous opportunity for decarbonizing the built environment,” said PNNL Chief Scientist Scott Whalen, who led this research. “We are finding that the unique microstructures within the metal are more tolerant to impurities than previously thought. This enables us to reach even deeper into the aluminum scrap market while maintaining material performance.”

The latest round of patented ShAPE™ technology prompted technology entrepreneur Eric Donsky to form a start-up manufacturing company to scale a ShAPE-based process into vertically integrated manufacturing facilities that upcycle scrap aluminum into a portfolio of low-carbon extruded parts initially targeting the building and construction industry. Atomic13 has signed an exclusive agreement with PNNL to commercialize the technology in certain fields of use and aims to move rapidly to create a myriad of custom-extruded aluminum parts for the building and consumer product industries, relying entirely on post-consumer aluminum scrap. The energy savings is expected to assist builders aiming to meet or exceed Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards for energy-efficient buildings, among other benefits.

“The ShAPE technology is an amazing opportunity for U.S. manufacturing and the build-out of our critical infrastructure,” said Atomic13 Founder Eric Donsky. “We believe there is tremendous environmental and commercial value to building circularity in the aluminum extrusion industry while helping the building and construction industry significantly reduce the embodied carbon of their products. ShAPE technology enables companies like Atomic13 to produce aluminum extrusions made from 100 percent post-consumer scrap with 90% lower carbon. At the same time, the low feedstock costs result in lower costs for consumers. We look forward to continuing to work with PNNL engineers to advance this promising technology.”

Aluminum extrusions are already a mainstay of the building industry. What’s different about the ShAPE manufacturing process is that the scrap aluminum bricks or rod-shaped billets are deformed using heat generated by high shear forces to pulverize impurities in scrap aluminum into tiny particles and uniformly disperse them within the aluminum microstructure. This dispersion eliminates, for example, microscopic iron clumps that can generate microfractures in recycled aluminum products manufactured using conventional methods. ShAPE aluminum extrusion offers massive energy savings by eliminating the need to dilute impurities found in recycled aluminum with 25 percent to 40 percent newly mined aluminum before processing.

The PNNL team evaluated the mechanical properties of rods, tubes and irregular hollow, multichannel trapezoids under mechanical stress. The team tested 540 unique conditions products, made from post-consumer scrap briquettes, some with high iron content (0.2 to 0.34 percent iron). All performed at or above ASTM standards for yield strength and ultimate tensile strength.

Creating new demand in the scrap aluminum market

According to the International Aluminum Organization, producing 1 metric ton of molten aluminum requires 16.6 megawatt hours of electricity. Globally, the aluminum industry produced over 69,000 metric tons of primary, mined aluminum in 2022. Half of that came from China, which uses coal-fired power to generate the 16.6-megawatt hours of electricity and 17 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per ton of aluminum produced.

“The ShAPE manufacturing process conserves energy and eliminates greenhouse gas emissions on several fronts,” said Whalen. “First, we avoid the need to add primary aluminum. Then, we eliminate the need for what is called homogenization of the billet material, a 6- to 24-hour heat treatment near 500 °C prior to extrusion.”

In addition, eliminating the need to add newly mined aluminum greatly reduces the manufacturing cost, opening the door to a larger market for what has been considered lower grade “twitch” aluminum scrap. This kind of scrap is composed of an ever-changing mix of manufacturing scrap and post-consumer goods such as the ubiquitous beverage cans, but also all manner of used house siding, window and door frames, step ladders and a myriad of used equipment of all sorts.

“Creating a circular market that provides a value proposition for this twitch scrap opens up the possibility for new industrial uses in the building industry, among sporting goods manufacturers, auto parts, and framing for emerging industries such as solar panel manufacturing,” said Donsky.

Atomic13 is currently in the design phase of its first commercial manufacturing line with a leading equipment company in the extrusion industry and is also evaluating site locations in the Midwest and Southeast. The company is in discussions with builders and construction companies interested in sustainability and the decarbonization of building materials and plans to accept orders by early 2025.

This research received support from DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, Lightweight Materials Consortium (LightMAT). The award-winning ShAPE technology has been granted seven U.S. patents with 34 patents pending. The technology is available for licensing in various fields of use. For more information about licensing opportunities, contact PNNL’s Office of Commercialization.

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About PNNL

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory draws on its distinguishing strengths in chemistryEarth sciencesbiology and data science to advance scientific knowledge and address challenges in sustainable energy and national security. Founded in 1965, PNNL is operated by Battelle for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, which is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States. DOE’s Office of Science is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit https://energy.gov/science. For more information on PNNL, visit PNNL's News Center. Follow us on TwitterFacebookLinkedIn and Instagram.

 

Animals: Small, long-nosed dogs live the longest


Peer-Reviewed Publication

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS





Small long-nosed (or dolichocephalic) dog breeds such as Whippets have the highest life expectancies in the UK, whilst male dogs from medium-sized flat-faced (or brachycephalic) breeds such as English Bulldogs have the lowest. The results, published in Scientific Reports, have been calculated from data on over 580,000 individual dogs from over 150 different breeds, and could help to identify those dogs most at risk of an early death.

Kirsten McMillan and colleagues assembled a database of 584,734 individual dogs using data from 18 different UK sources, including breed registries, vets, pet insurance companies, animal welfare charities, and academic institutions. Dogs were from one of 155 pure breeds or classified as a crossbreed, and 284,734 of the dogs had died before being added to the database. Breed, sex, date of birth, and date of death (if applicable) were included for all dogs. Purebred dogs were assigned to size (small, medium, or large) and head shape (brachycephalic or short-nosed, mesocephalic or medium-nosed, and dolichocephalic or long-nosed) categories based on kennel club literature. The median life expectancy was then calculated for all breeds individually and for the crossbreed group, then finally for each combination of sex, size, and head shape.

Small dolichocephalic breeds of both sexes (such as Miniature Dachshunds and Shetland Sheepdogs) had the highest median life expectancies of 13.3 years. Meanwhile, medium brachycephalic breeds had the lowest median life expectancies, of 9.1 years for males and 9.6 years for females. Amongst the 12 most popular breeds, which accounted for more than 50% of all recorded pure breeds in the database, Labradors had a median life expectancy of 13.1 years, Jack Russell Terriers had a median life expectancy of 13.3 years, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels had a median life expectancy of 11.8 years.  Pure breeds had a higher median life expectancy than crossbreeds (12.7 years compared to 12.0 years), whilst female dogs had a slightly higher median life expectancy than males (12.7 years compared to 12.4 years).

The authors note that their results are representative for UK dogs only, and that crossbreeds were strictly defined as any dog that was not a kennel club purebred breed. They suggest that future research should investigate ‘designer breeds’ such as Labradoodles and Cockapoos separately to account for differing levels of genetic diversity between these dogs and mongrels.