Dust-prone desert of the southwest may be ideal for solar energy, UTEP study finds
Research points to lower maintenance costs and strong performance outlook for solar facilities near White Sands despite dusty panels
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German Rodriguez Ortiz, a doctoral graduate of UTEP’s Environmental Science and Engineering Program, is the lead author of a study that found solar panels at the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility in Alamogordo—a region frequently affected by dust storms carrying particles from the White Sands gypsum dune field—lose power output from dust accumulation at a rate far lower than that of solar facilities in comparable desert regions worldwide. The study was published in the journal Atmosphere in April 2026.
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EL PASO, Texas (June 4, 2026) – Solar energy developers eyeing parts of southern New Mexico may have less to worry about than expected when it comes to dust. A new study led by University of Texas at El Paso researchers concludes that photovoltaic panels in Alamogordo — a region battered by frequent dust storms carrying particles from the White Sands gypsum dune field — lose only about 2 to 3 percent of their power output to dust accumulation, a rate far lower than that of solar facilities in comparable desert regions worldwide.
The findings, published in the journal Atmosphere in April 2026, carry direct implications for the economics of solar energy in the Chihuahuan Desert, the team said. Because dust-related losses at the study site are modest, and because light rainfall proved sufficient to restore panel performance, operators of solar facilities in the area may be able to clean their panels far less frequently than those at sites in the Middle East, Iran, or China — where soiling losses can reach 10 to 80 percent.
"What we found is that this location is genuinely favorable for solar energy, not just because of its abundant sunshine but because of how the dust behaves here," said German Rodriguez Ortiz, the study's lead author and a doctoral graduate of UTEP's Environmental Science and Engineering Program. "The wind that brings dust from White Sands also helps clean the panels, and the gypsum itself appears to be less harmful to performance than the types of dust studied at other sites globally."
Two natural factors appear to work in the region's favor. Prevailing south-to-southwest winds strike the front face of south-facing panels directly, physically dislodging accumulated particles in a passive cleaning effect. Additionally, rainfall as light as 2.2 millimeters per hour was sufficient to restore panels to near-baseline performance — a lower cleaning threshold than has been documented in California, India and other solar markets. The anti-reflective coating on the panels studied may have contributed to rain's effectiveness, pointing to a potential design consideration for future installations.
The study also found that gypsum — the distinctive mineral blown from White Sands — absorbs less light than other common dust minerals, meaning its optical interference with panel performance is inherently limited. That characteristic, combined with the region's wind patterns and responsiveness to rain, positions the southern Tularosa Basin as a location where the solar resource and the operating environment are better aligned than previously understood, Rodriguez Ortiz said.
These factors lead to a reduced cleaning frequency, which translates into lower water consumption, less labor and meaningfully lower long-term operating costs, the team said.
"This research demonstrates the kind of place-based science UTEP is uniquely positioned to conduct," said Thomas E. Gill, Ph.D., professor of earth, environmental and resource sciences, co-author of the study and Rodriguez Ortiz’s doctoral advisor. "Our location in the Chihuahuan Desert is not just a backdrop — it is a living laboratory, and this work shows how deeply understanding your local environment can generate insights with real economic and energy consequences for the region."
The study was conducted at the United States Bureau of Reclamation's Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility in Alamogordo, where the team monitored six solar panels across three sampling periods from late 2022 through spring 2024, recording 22 dust events in the process. Co-authors include assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry Jose A. Hernandez-Viezcas, Ph.D.; UTEP researcher Alejandro J. Metta-Magana; and alumna Malynda Cappelle, Ph.D., of the Bureau of Reclamation.
The researchers recommend longer-term monitoring to capture seasonal variation through the summer monsoon and more and less dusty periods, and more detailed investigations into optimal cleaning practices.
About The University of Texas at El Paso
The University of Texas at El Paso is America's leading Hispanic-serving university. Located at the westernmost tip of Texas, where three states and two countries converge along the Rio Grande, 84% of our 26,000 students are Hispanic, and more than half are the first in their families to go to college. With respect to research, UTEP is in the top 5% of universities in America and offers 169 bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree programs at the only open-access, top-tier research university in America.
Article Title
Experimental Investigation of Photovoltaic Soiling from White Sands Dust in Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA
