Saturday, July 01, 2023

UPDATED

France riots: Almost 1,000 arrested in fresh night of riots in France amid warning to British travellers

Friday night saw fresh clashes
Firefighters use a water hose on a burnt car in Nanterre, outside Paris,

Rioting raged in cities around France for a fourth night despite massive police deployment – with cars and buildings set ablaze and stores looted as family and friends prepared to bury the 17-year-old whose killing by an officer sparked the unrest.

The government suggested the violence was beginning to lessen thanks to tougher security measures, but damages remained widespread, from Paris to Marseille and Lyon and French territories overseas, where a 54-year-old died after being hit by a stray bullet in French Guiana.

The interior ministry announced 994 arrests around France by early on Saturday.

A French police officer in riot gear looks on next to burnt cars at the Pablo Picasso neighbourhood in Nanterre

France’s national football team — including international star Kylian Mbappe, an idol to many young people in the disadvantaged neighbourhoods where the anger is rooted — have pleaded for an end to the violence.

“Many of us are from working-class neighbourhoods, we too share this feeling of pain and sadness” over the killing of 17-year-old Nahel, the players said in a statement.

“Violence resolves nothing.

“There are other peaceful and constructive ways to express yourself.”

They said it is time for “mourning, dialogue and reconstruction” instead.

The deadly shooting of Nahel, whose last name has not been made public, stirred up long-simmering tensions between police and young people in housing projects who struggle with poverty, unemployment and racial discrimination.

The subsequent rioting is the worst France has seen in years and puts new pressure on President Emmanuel Macron, who appealed to parents to keep children off the streets and blamed social media for fuelling violence.

Family and friends were holding a funeral gathering on Saturday for Nahel in his hometown of Nanterre.

Anger erupted in the Paris suburb after his death there on Tuesday and quickly spread nationwide.

Early on Saturday, firefighters in Nanterre extinguished blazes set by protesters that left scorched remains of cars strewn across the streets.

In the neighbouring suburb of Colombes, protesters overturned bins and used them for makeshift barricades.

Looters during the evening broke into a gun shop and made off with weapons in the Mediterranean port city of Marseille, police said.

Officers in Marseille arrested nearly 90 people as groups of protesters lit cars on fire and broke shop windows to take what was inside.

Buildings and businesses were also vandalised in the eastern city of Lyon, where a third of the roughly 30 arrests made were for theft, police said.

Authorities reported fires in the streets after an unauthorised protest drew more than 1,000 people earlier on Friday evening.

2,500 fires

The Interior Ministry said 994 arrests were made during the night, with more than 2,500 fires.

The night before, 917 people were arrested nationwide, 500 buildings targeted, 2,000 vehicles burned and dozens of shops ransacked.

While the number of overnight arrests was the highest yet, there were fewer fires, cars burned and police stations attacked around France than the previous night, according to the Interior Ministry.

Interior minister Gerald Darmanin said the violence was of “much less intensity”.

Hundreds of police and firefighters have been hurt, including 79 overnight, but authorities have not released injury tallies for protesters.

Nanterre mayor Patrick Jarry said France needs to “push for changes” in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.

Despite repeated government appeals for calm and stiffer policing, Friday saw brazen daylight violence too.

An Apple shop was looted in the eastern city of Strasbourg, where police fired tear gas, and the windows of a fast-food outlet were smashed in a Paris-area shopping centre, where officers repelled people trying to break into a shuttered shop, authorities said.

In the face of the escalating crisis that hundreds of arrests and massive police deployments have failed to quell, Mr Macron held off on declaring a state of emergency, an option that was used in similar circumstances in 2005.

Instead, his government ratcheted up its law enforcement response, with 45,000 police deployed overnight. Some were called back from annual leave.

Warning to British tourists

British travellers have been warned to be aware of the unrest in France.

Newly updated Foreign Office travel advice warns of potential disruption and cautions people to be aware of the uncertain situation.

It states: “Since June 27, riots have taken place across France. Many have turned violent. Shops, public buildings and parked cars have been targeted.

“There may be disruptions to road travel and local transport provision may be reduced. Some local authorities may impose curfews.

“Locations and timing of riots are unpredictable. You should monitor the media, avoid areas where riots are taking place, check the latest advice with operators when travelling and follow the advice of the authorities.”


Pressure piles on Macron as French

 protesters set fires

Despite heavy security presence, night time looting takes place in the cities of Lyon, Marseille and Grenoble with bands of often hooded rioters pillaging shops and setting cars and garbage bins on fire.



REUTERS

The unrest was sparked by the killing of 17-year-old Nahel, which revived longstanding grievances about policing and racial profiling in France's low-income and multi-ethnic suburbs. / Photo: Reuters

French police have arrested 994 people nationwide during a fourth consecutive night of protests over the killing of a teenager by police, the interior ministry said Saturday.

France had deployed 45,000 officers overnight backed by light armoured vehicles and crack police units to quell the violence over the death of 17-year-old Nahel, killed during a traffic stop in a Paris suburb on Tuesday.

Young protesters clashed with police and looted stores in France, piling more pressure on President Emmanuel Macron after he appealed to parents to keep children off the streets and blamed social media for fueling unrest.

Despite repeated government appeals for calm and stiffer policing, Friday saw brazen daylight violence, too.

An Apple store was looted in the eastern city of Strasbourg, where police fired tear gas, and the windows of a fast-food outlet were smashed in a Paris-area shopping mall, where officers repelled people trying to break into a shuttered store, authorities said.

The southern port city of Marseille, initially spared the violence that broke out first in the Paris region, was experiencing its second night of upheaval.




Even before nightfall, young people hurled projectiles, set fires, and looted shops, police said. They made almost 90 arrests.

On Friday evening, looters broke into a Marseille gun shop and made off with weapons, and a man was later arrested with a hunting rifle, police said.

The previous night, two off-duty officers suffered serious injuries, including one who was stabbed, when they were set upon by about 20 people, police said.

Authorities in the city of Lyon reported rioters again setting fires and pelting police in the suburbs.

In the city centre, police made 21 arrests to stop the attempted looting of shops after an unauthorised protest against police violence that drew about 1,300 people on Friday evening.

The unrest was sparked by the killing of Nahel, which revived longstanding grievances about policing and racial profiling in France's low-income and multi-ethnic suburbs.

In her first media interview since the shooting, Nahel's mother, Mounia, told France 5 television: "I don't blame the police, I blame one person: the one who took the life of my son."

She said the 38-year-old officer responsible, who was detained and charged with voluntary manslaughter on Thursday, "saw an Arab face, a little kid, and wanted to take his life".

Nahel's burial is scheduled for Saturday, according to Nanterre Mayor Patrick Jarry, who said France needs to "push for changes" in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.





AP
Police officers face protesters on Concorde square during a protest in Paris.


Spillovers elsewhere


Violence was also erupting in some of France's overseas territories.

In French Guiana, a 54-year-old was killed by a stray bullet on Thursday night when protesters fired at police in the capital, Cayenne, authorities said.

On the small Indian Ocean island of Reunion, protesters set garbage bins ablaze, thrown projectiles at police, and damaged cars and buildings, officials said in a statement.

To maintain security, 150 officers will be deployed on Friday night and through the weekend, officials said.

In Belgium, police made 63 arrests so far, 48 of which are minors.

Demonstrations late on Thursday in central Brussels saw protesters smash windows at bus stops and set vehicles on fire.

There were also protests in Lemonnier that prompted the closure of the Anneessens metro station.




AP
People run away during clashes with police in the center of Lyon.


Macron zeros in on social media


In the face of an escalating crisis that hundreds of arrests and massive police deployments have failed to quell, Macron held off on declaring a state of emergency, an option that was used in similar circumstances in 2005.

Instead, his government ratcheted up its law enforcement response.

Already massively beefed-up police forces were boosted by another 5,000 officers for Friday night, increasing the number to 45,000 overall, the interior minister said.

Some were called back from vacation.

The minister, Gerald Darmanin, said police made 917 arrests on Thursday alone and noted their young age — 17 on average.

He said more than 300 police officers and firefighters have been injured.

Macron, too, zeroed in on social media platforms that have relayed dramatic images of cars and buildings being torched and other acts of violence, saying they are playing a "considerable role" in the violence.

The unrest comes just over a year before Paris, and other French cities rattled by violence are due to host 10,500 Olympians and millions of visitors for the Summer Olympic Games.

The Paris 2024 organising committee said it was closely monitoring the situation and that preparations for the Olympics continued.


Police Arrest 63 in Belgium as Violent Protests in France Spread to Brussels

2023-July-1


TEHRAN (FNA)- The number of demonstrators arrested in Brussels rose to 63 on Friday as protests sparked by the killing of a teen by police in France spread to Belgium.

The arrests came after fighting between protesters and police in the Anneessens area, with 48 minors arrested, Anadolu news agency reported.

Demonstrations late Thursday in central Brussels saw protesters smash windows at bus stops and set vehicles on fire.

There were also protests in Lemonnier that prompted the closure of the Anneessens metro station.

France has seen a wave of violent protests since a police officer shot 17-year-old Nahel M. in the Paris suburb of Nanterre on June 27.

According to local media, a group of young people issued a call on social media in support of the demonstrations in France over the death of the teenager, identified as Nahel M., who was shot and killed by a police officer on Tuesday in Nanterre after failing to stop during a traffic check.

Nahel’s death sparked protests in Nanterre, leading to overnight clashes between demonstrators and police.

The 38-year-old police officer who killed Nahel was detained by the General Inspectorate of the National Police (IGPN) as part of an investigation into the intentional homicide by the Nanterre prosecutor’s office.

France deploys armored vehicles as police fail to contain demonstrators

Marseille mayor urges government to send additional troop reinforcements

1/07/2023 Saturday
AA


France deploys armored vehicles as police fail to contain demonstrators

France sent armored vehicles into the streets Friday as authorities failed to contain demonstrations which entered a fourth straight night that was sparked by the killing of a teen by police.

Armored vehicles were deployed to squares in regions and cities, including in the second city, Marseille, in the Woippy commune less than 20 miles from the Luxembourg border. And in the community of Nanterre on the northwestern outskirts of Paris.

In Toulouse, police arrested 19 people due to violence as an apartment building was set on fire.

Marseille Mayor Benoit Payan urged the government to send additional troop reinforcements. "Scenes of looting and violence are unacceptable," he said.

Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin said 270 people have been arrested, with more than 80 of them in Marseille.

A 19-year-old male died Friday after he fell from the roof of a supermarket around 5 a.m. local time in northwestern France during protests, the France Bleu Normandie newspaper reported.

France has seen a wave of violent protests since a police officer shot dead Nahel M., 17, in the Paris suburb of Nanterre on June 27.


More than 900 arrested overnight as rioters clash with police around France

1 July 2023, 08:24

A group of police officers walk during a protest in Nanterre
APTOPIX France Police Shooting. Picture: PA

The deadly shooting of a 17-year-old boy by a police officer has sparked riots across the country.

Rioting raged in cities around France for a fourth night despite massive police deployment – with cars and buildings set ablaze and stores looted as family and friends prepared to bury the 17-year-old whose killing by an officer sparked the unrest.

The government suggested the violence was beginning to lessen thanks to tougher security measures, but damages remained widespread, from Paris to Marseille and Lyon and French territories overseas, where a 54-year-old died after being hit by a stray bullet in French Guiana.

The interior ministry announced 994 arrests around France by early on Saturday.

France’s national football team — including international star Kylian Mbappe, an idol to many young people in the disadvantaged neighbourhoods where the anger is rooted — have pleaded for an end to the violence.

Firefighters use a water hose on a burnt bus in Nanterre near Paris
Firefighters use a water hose on a burnt bus in Nanterre near Paris (Lewis Joly/AP)

“Many of us are from working-class neighbourhoods, we too share this feeling of pain and sadness” over the killing of 17-year-old Nahel, the players said in a statement.

“Violence resolves nothing.

“There are other peaceful and constructive ways to express yourself.”

They said it is time for “mourning, dialogue and reconstruction” instead.

The deadly shooting of Nahel, whose last name has not been made public, stirred up long-simmering tensions between police and young people in housing projects who struggle with poverty, unemployment and racial discrimination.

The subsequent rioting is the worst France has seen in years and puts new pressure on President Emmanuel Macron, who appealed to parents to keep children off the streets and blamed social media for fuelling violence.

Protesters block a street with bins in Colombes near Paris
Protesters block a street with bins in Colombes near Paris (Lewis Joly/AP)

Family and friends were holding a funeral gathering on Saturday for Nahel in his hometown of Nanterre.

Anger erupted in the Paris suburb after his death there on Tuesday and quickly spread nationwide.

Early on Saturday, firefighters in Nanterre extinguished blazes set by protesters that left scorched remains of cars strewn across the streets.

In the neighbouring suburb of Colombes, protesters overturned bins and used them for makeshift barricades.

Looters during the evening broke into a gun shop and made off with weapons in the Mediterranean port city of Marseille, police said.

Officers in Marseille arrested nearly 90 people as groups of protesters lit cars on fire and broke shop windows to take what was inside.

Buildings and businesses were also vandalised in the eastern city of Lyon, where a third of the roughly 30 arrests made were for theft, police said.

Authorities reported fires in the streets after an unauthorised protest drew more than 1,000 people earlier on Friday evening.

Police officers pass by charred cars in Nanterre
Police officers pass by charred cars in Nanterre (Lewis Joly/AP)

The Interior Ministry said 994 arrests were made during the night, with more than 2,500 fires.

The night before, 917 people were arrested nationwide, 500 buildings targeted, 2,000 vehicles burned and dozens of shops ransacked.

While the number of overnight arrests was the highest yet, there were fewer fires, cars burned and police stations attacked around France than the previous night, according to the Interior Ministry.

Interior minister Gerald Darmanin said the violence was of “much less intensity”.

Hundreds of police and firefighters have been hurt, including 79 overnight, but authorities have not released injury tallies for protesters.

Nanterre mayor Patrick Jarry said France needs to “push for changes” in disadvantaged neighbourhoods.

Despite repeated government appeals for calm and stiffer policing, Friday saw brazen daylight violence too.

An Apple shop was looted in the eastern city of Strasbourg, where police fired tear gas, and the windows of a fast-food outlet were smashed in a Paris-area shopping centre, where officers repelled people trying to break into a shuttered shop, authorities said.

Riot police stand guard in the La Meinau neighbourhood of Strasbourg, eastern France
Riot police stand guard in the La Meinau neighbourhood of Strasbourg, eastern France (Jean-Francois Badias/AP)

In the face of the escalating crisis that hundreds of arrests and massive police deployments have failed to quell, Mr Macron held off on declaring a state of emergency, an option that was used in similar circumstances in 2005.

Instead, his government ratcheted up its law enforcement response, with 45,000 police deployed overnight. Some were called back from annual leave.

Mr Darmanin ordered a nationwide nighttime shutdown on Friday of all public buses and trams, which have been among rioters’ targets.

He also said he warned social networks not to allow themselves to be used as channels for calls to violence.

“They were very co-operative,” Mr Darmanin said, adding that French authorities were providing the platforms with information in hopes of co-operation identifying people inciting violence.

“We will pursue every person who uses these social networks to commit violent acts,” he said.

Mr Macron, too, zeroed in on social media platforms that have relayed dramatic images of vandalism and cars and buildings being torched.

Singling out Snapchat and TikTok, he said they were being used to organise unrest and served as conduits for copycat violence.

Police officers face protesters on Concorde square during a protest in Paris
Police officers face protesters on Concorde square during a protest in Paris (Lewis Joly/AP)

The violence comes just over a year before Paris and other French cities are due to host 10,500 Olympians and millions of visitors for the summer Olympic Games.

Organisers said they are closely monitoring the situation as preparations for the Olympics continue.

The police officer accused of killing Nahel was handed a preliminary charge of voluntary homicide.

Preliminary charges mean investigating magistrates strongly suspect wrongdoing but need to investigate more before sending a case to trial.

Nanterre prosecutor Pascal Prache said his initial investigation led him to conclude that the officer’s use of his weapon was not legally justified.

Nahel’s mother, identified as Mounia M, told France 5 television she was angry at the officer but not at the police in general.

“He saw a little Arab-looking kid; he wanted to take his life,” she said.

“A police officer cannot take his gun and fire at our children, take our children’s lives.”

Riot police stand near a burning car in the La Meinau neighbourhood of Strasbourg
Riot police stand near a burning car in the La Meinau neighbourhood of Strasbourg (Jean-Francois Badias/AP)

The family has roots in Algeria.

Race was a taboo topic for decades in France, which is officially committed to a doctrine of colourblind universalism.

In the wake of Nahel’s killing, French anti-racism activists renewed complaints about police behaviour.

Thirteen people who did not comply with traffic stops were shot dead by French police last year.

This year, another three people, including Nahel, died under similar circumstances.

The deaths have prompted demands for more accountability in France, which also saw racial justice protests after George Floyd’s killing by police in Minnesota.

This week’s protests echoed the three weeks of rioting in 2005 that followed the deaths of 15-year-old Bouna Traore and 17-year-old Zyed Benna, who were electrocuted while hiding from police in a power substation in Clichy-sous-Bois.

By Press Association

Who was Nahel M.? The 17-year-old whose death sparked riots across France

'He did all he was asked. He had real potential'

Article content

Protests have erupted across France after a teenager was fatally shot by police on Tuesday. Nahel M., 17, was shot in the chest at point blank range while driving away from a traffic stop in the Paris suburb of Nanterre.

Close to 40,000 police officers have been deployed to quell the violent unrest that is entering its fourth night. More than 875 demonstrators have been arrested and 200 police officers injured while authorities struggle to restore calm.

Here’s what we know about the boy whose death has provoked outrage across France:

Who is Nahel?

The teenager, identified only as Nahel M., was an only child raised by a single mother in Nanterre, a working-class suburb located 15km from central Paris.

For the past three years, Nahel played for a community rugby team, Pirates of Nanterre, run by Ovale Citoyen, a program that aims to help young people struggling in school enter the job market.

Jeff Puech, president of the association, said Nahel was someone “who used rugby to get by.”

“He was someone who had the will to fit in socially and professionally, not some kid who dealt in drugs or got fun out of juvenile crime,” he told Le Parisien, praising Nahel’s “exemplary attitude.”

“He did all he was asked. He had real potential.”

protest
An attendee holds a banner reading ‘Justice for Nahel’ at the end of a commemoration march for a teenage driver shot dead by a policeman in Nanterre on June 29, 2023. PHOTO BY AFP CONTRIBUTOR#AFP /AFP via Getty Images

Nahel enrolled at a college to study for an electrician’s certificate in the town of Sureness in 2021.

The teenager was due to appear in juvenile court in September after allegedly failing to comply with a traffic stop last weekend, BBC reported. Nahel was working as a food delivery driver and the trouble he was in involved mostly involved cars, the outlet said.

The family’s lawyer has said Nahel has never been sentenced for a crime.

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What happened during the shooting?

Two officers on motorbikes who pursued Nahel said they saw him commit traffic violations including driving through a crosswalk and endangering a pedestrian and cyclist, LeMonde reported.

The officers caught up with Nahel in traffic and pointed guns at him to “dissuade him from restarting (the vehicle) by asking him to turn off the ignition,” according to the officers.

A video of the incident appears to show no immediate danger to the two officers.

A voice can be heard threatening to shoot the teenager dead. As the car slowly pulls away, the officer near the driver side window fires the fatal shot.

The officer who fired the shot has been detained and charged with voluntary homicide.

“Conditions for the legal use of a firearm were not met,” Parch said.

What has his family said?

Nahel’s mother, identified as Mounia M., told broadcaster France 5 she wants “very firm” justice for the officer who killed her only child but said she does not blame the police force.

The officer “saw an Arab face, a little kid, and wanted to take his life,” she said.

“A police officer cannot take his gun and fire at our children, take our children’s lives,” she added.

Lawyers for Nahel’s family have called for action against the second officer.

Clashes in France
A man walks past a bonfire in a residential area during clashes in Toulouse, southwestern France on June 28, 2023, a day after the killing of a 17 year old boy in Nanterre by a police officer’s gunshot following a refusal to comply. PHOTO BY LIONEL BONAVENTURE/AFP VIA GETTY IMAGES

What is the officer facing charges Nahel saying?

A lawyer for the officer said his client was “devastated” and didn’t intend to kill the teenager. Laurent-Franck Liénard told BMFTV his client has asked for forgiveness from the family and had acted in accordance to the law, citing concern for the safety of the officers and others.

Why were police officers pointing guns during a traffic stop?

A 2017 law created in response to extremist attacks says law enforcement can shoot at a vehicle after a failure to comply with an order when “occupants are likely to perpetrate, in their flight, attacks on their life or physical integrity or that of others.”

However, according to AP, an internal security code requires that weapons are only authorized for use under “absolute necessity and in a strictly proportionate manner.”

The Yael Braun-Pivet, president of France’s lower House of Parliament, has called for a review of how the law allowing police gun use is being used, according to the outlet.

Last year, thirteen people died in police shootings in France for not complying with order during a traffic stop, according to police. This year, three people, including Nahel, have died in similar circumstances.

In a 2022 study, researchers linked the rise in fatal police shootings in France to the 2017 law. A comparison of the years before and after the law was implemented showed was a five fold increase in the number of fatal shootings on moving vehicles, according to the study.

Riots erupt in French Caribbean territories in reaction to unrest in France over teen's death

SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) — Riots have erupted in French Caribbean territories to protest the police shooting death of a teenager in a Paris suburb, with at least one person killed as people set fire to dumpsters and damaged buildings.

The worst violence so far was in French Guiana, where authorities said that police officers came under fire and that a stray bullet killed a 54-year-old government worker late Thursday in the capital, Cayenne.

Columns of thick black smoke rose above some neighborhoods in Cayenne, turning streets hazy as police tried to quell protesters in the small territory on the shoulder of South America. Authorities urged calm as the territory braced for another possible night of rioting.

Officials said Friday that the man who was killed worked in the government’s mosquito control office and was on his balcony when he was hit by the bullet.

“(It’s) a level of violence that is difficult to understand,” Public Safety Director Philippe Jos told reporters.

French Guiana’s prefect, Thierry Queffelec, said businesses and public transportation would shut down early on Friday evening, and he announced a temporary ban on the sale and transportation of gasoline at night. He also said some 300 officers would be deployed Friday night along with drones and helicopters.

At least six people had been arrested, including five minors. No one was charged in the killing of the government worker.

Smaller demonstrations also were reported in the French Caribbean islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, where no injuries or deaths were reported.

Residents in the French Caribbean, where racial tensions have long simmered and where some feel oppressed and ignored by France, have identified with those protesting the teen's killing in France, where officials are grappling with rioting across the country.

Unrest also appeared in other French overseas territories, including on the Indian Ocean island of Reunion. Since Wednesday, protesters there have set garbage bins ablaze, thrown projectiles at police during clashes and damaged cars and buildings, regional officials said in a news release.

___

Associated Press writer Claire Rush in Portland, Oregon, contributed to this report.

Dánica Coto, The Associated Press

France arrests over 1,300 in massive riots over Paris teen's death


Story by By REUTERS • July 1,2023

A person stands near a burning container as people protest following the death of Nahel, a 17-year-old teenager killed by a French police officer in Nanterre during a traffic stop, and against police violence, in Paris, France, June 30, 2023
© (photo credit: REUTERS/JUAN MEDINA)

More than 1,300 people were arrested in France during a fourth night of rioting before the funeral on Saturday of Nahel M, whose shooting by police sparked the unrest, in the Paris suburb where the teenager died.

The government deployed 45,000 police and several armored vehicles overnight to tackle the worst crisis of President Emmanuel Macron's leadership since the "Yellow Vest" protests which brought much of France to a standstill in late 2018.

Macron postponed a state visit to Germany that was due to begin on Sunday due to the unrest, both countries said.

The interior ministry said on Twitter that 1,311 people had been arrested overnight, compared with 875 the previous night, although the violence was "lower in intensity."

Nahel, a 17-year-old of Algerian and Moroccan descent, was shot by a police officer during a traffic stop on Tuesday in the Paris suburb of Nanterre, where buses were halted and the area quiet on a damp Saturday morning after more overnight rioting.

Several hundred people lined up to enter Nanterre's grand mosque, which was guarded by volunteers in yellow vests, while a few dozen bystanders watched from across the street.


People protest in support of Nahel, a 17-year-old teenager killed by a French police officer during a traffic stop, at the Place de la Concorde square in Paris, France, June 30, 2023
 (credit: REUTERS/YVES HERMAN)

Some of the mourners, their arms crossed, said "God is Greatest" in Arabic, as they spanned the boulevard in prayer.

The shooting of the teenager, caught on video, has reignited longstanding complaints by poor and racially mixed urban communities of police violence and racism. Macron had denied there is systemic racism in French law enforcement agencies.

"If you have the wrong skin color, the police are much more dangerous to you," said a young man, who declined to be named, adding that he was a friend of Nahel's.

Lootesr ransack shops across French cities


Looters have ransacked dozens of shops and torched 2,000 vehicles since the start of the riots, which have spread to cities such as Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Strasbourg and Lille.

More than 200 police officers have been injured, Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin said, adding that the average age of those arrested was 17.

Friday night's arrests included 80 people in Marseille, home to many people of North African descent.

Rioters in France's second-largest city had looted a gun store and stole hunting rifles, but no ammunition, police said.

Mayor Benoit Payan called on the government to send extra troops to tackle "pillaging and violence" in Marseille, where three police officers were slightly wounded on Saturday.

In Lyon, France's third-largest city, police deployed armored personnel carriers and a helicopter, while in Paris, they cleared protesters from the Place de la Concorde. Lyon Mayor Gregory Doucet has also called for reinforcements.

Darmanin had asked local authorities to halt buses and trams, while Macron urged parents to keep children at home.

The unrest has revived memories of nationwide riots in 2005 that forced then-President Jacques Chirac to declare a state of emergency, after the death of two young men electrocuted in a power substation as they hid from police.

"Quite simply, we're not ruling out any hypothesis and we'll see after tonight what the President of the Republic chooses," Darmanin said on Friday when asked whether the government could declare a state of emergency.

Players from the national soccer team issued a rare statement calling for calm. "Violence must stop to leave way for mourning, dialog and reconstruction," they said on star Kylian Mbappe's Instagram account.

Events including two concerts at the Stade de France on the outskirts of Paris were canceled, while Tour de France organizers said they were ready to adapt to any situation when the cycle race enters the country on Monday from Spain.


A French Recherche Assistance Intervention Dissuasion (RAID) special police unit member stands on his armoured car and uses his binoculars to check a protest following the death of Nahel, a 17-year-old teenager killed by a French police officer in Nanterre during a traffic stop, in Lille, France 

(credit: REUTERS/PASCAL ROSSIGNOL)

Macron had left an EU summit in Brussels on Friday early to attend a second cabinet crisis meeting in two days and asked social media to remove "the most sensitive" footage of rioting and to disclose identities of users fomenting violence.

The policeman whom prosecutors say acknowledged firing a lethal shot at Nahel is in preventive custody under formal investigation for voluntary homicide, equivalent to being charged under Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions.

His lawyer, Laurent-Franck Lienard, said his client had aimed at the driver's leg but was bumped when the car took off, causing him to shoot toward his chest. "Obviously (the officer) didn't want to kill the driver," Lienard said on BFM TV.



GEMOLOGY
Botswana and De Beers Sign Deal to Continue Rich Diamond Partnership

Under the new joint mining agreement, Botswana will immediately get a 30 percent share of the rough stones extracted, up from 25 percent, and it will rise to 50 percent within a decade, De Beers and government officials said.

A diamond that was processed at the Aurostar plant in Gaborone, Botswana.
Credit...Joao Silva/The New York Times

By John Eligon
Reporting from Johannesburg
July 1, 2023

A Botswana government official and the chief executive of De Beers, the international diamond conglomerate, signed interim agreements on Saturday to continue a lucrative, decades-long diamond mining partnership that had appeared to be breaking down in recent months.

Only minutes before a midnight deadline on Friday, the parties announced that after years of negotiations, they had agreed in principle on a deal to renew a partnership that supplies De Beers with most of its diamonds and Botswana’s government with the largest chunk of its revenue.

The details of the deal were still being worked out, officials with the government and De Beers said. But it addresses one of the most significant gripes of the Botswana government, regarding the share of diamonds it receives in its joint mining venture with De Beers. Under the old agreement, Botswana received 25 percent of the rough stones extracted, while De Beers took the rest. Now, Botswana will immediately get a 30 percent share, and that will rise to 50 percent within a decade, De Beers and government officials said.

De Beers said in a statement that it had agreed to invest as much as $825 million over the next 10 years to help develop the Botswana economy. The agreement also includes establishing an academy in Botswana that will train locals in skills in the diamond trade, government officials said.

The government of Botswana, the world’s second largest diamond producer, hailed the agreements as a sweeping victory for the country of 2.4 million people, saying they would allow the southern African nation to achieve its long-term development goals.

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“I must say with excitement that these are transformational agreements,” Lefoko Fox Moagi, the minister of minerals and energy, said on Saturday as he sat next to De Beers’s chief executive, Al Cook, to sign the deals. “These are talking to the aspirations of the people of Botswana.”


This year, Botswana’s president, Mokgweetsi Masisi, caused a stir when he made the unusual move of publicly criticizing the deal with De Beers, saying that his country was essentially being cheated.

“We must refuse to be enslaved,” he said in May at a community meeting in a rural village.

The De Beers headquarters in the diamond district of Gaborone.
Credit...Joao Silva/The New York Times

Mr. Masisi and other government officials demanded that Botswana receive more than 25 percent of the rough stones, and that De Beers make some investment in helping to expand other areas of the diamond industry in Botswana, including cutting and polishing, jewelry making and retail sales.


In challenging De Beers to give them more, Botswana officials were pressing a broader demand of African countries to get more from the natural resources that belong to them. There is a long history of countries on the continent losing out on their resource wealth to theft, corruption and mismanagement.

Mr. Cook said that Botswana government officials had been clear on the need for De Beers to invest beyond diamonds and in the knowledge-based economy, and to develop the diamond value chain and put the people of the country first.

“I believe that the deal that we have agreed does all of that,” Mr. Cook said during the signing ceremony.

The government said that the sales agreement, which deals with how the diamonds are allocated, had been extended to 2033. Separately, De Beers’s mining license was extended to 2054, giving the company some assurance that it would have a long-term future in the country.

Despite the government’s demands for a fairer deal, few would dispute that diamonds have already transformed Botswana in ways that many African nations can only envy.

In 1966, the year that De Beers first discovered diamonds in Botswana and that the country gained independence from Britain, Botswana was among the poorest countries in the world, with only about seven and a half miles of paved roads. Now, it is considered an upper-middle-income country, with robust infrastructure and the sixth highest economic output per person, according to the World Bank. The partnership with De Beers produced about $2.8 billion in revenue for Botswana last year.

But the World Bank also ranks Botswana as one of the most unequal countries on the planet, and Botswana citizens and government officials have said that they deserve to earn more from the diamonds that are buried in their soil in order to address the lingering social ills.

Yvonne Mooka contributed reporting from Mahalapye, Botswana.


John Eligon is the Johannesburg bureau chief, covering southern Africa. He previously worked as a reporter on the National, Sports and Metro desks. His work has taken him from the streets of Minneapolis following George Floyd’s death to South Africa for Nelson Mandela’s funeral. More about John Eligon






 

Himalayan icecap is melting faster than predicted

Imja Glacier near Mt Everest has turned into a big lake in the past 20 years. Photo: Kiril Rusev via Nepali Times. Used with permission.

Imja Glacier near Mt Everest has turned into a big lake in the past 20 years. Photo: Kiril Rusev via Nepali Times. Used with permission.

This article was originally published in Nepali Times and an edited version is republished on Global Voices as part of a content-sharing agreement.

Four years after scientists put out a worrying report about the melting Himalayan icecap, they have now warned that the problem is even more serious than earlier thought.

The new study provides what is said to be the most accurate assessment of snow, ice, and permafrost in the Himalayas to date: that Himalayan glaciers could lose up to 80 percent of their ice mass by the end of this century. The findings cite grave consequences, not just for the mountains, but for the nearly 2 billion people living downstream in Asian countries that depend on water from the world’s highest mountains.

The Kathmandu-based International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development ICIMOD had brought out the Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment in 2019. But the new report says Himalayan glaciers disappeared 65 percent faster in the 2010s than in the previous decades. At that rate, the melting will accelerate in the coming decades.

The Water, Ice, Society, and Ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HI-WISE) report draws on recent scientific advances to map out how melting snow, ice, and permafrost in the mountains will affect water, ecosystems, and society in the Himalayan watershed.

The peer-reviewed study warns of grave consequences to the region that provides fresh water to a quarter of the world's population and is home to four global biodiversity hotspots.

The HI-WISE report projects “peak water” by mid-century after which there will be less and less water available on Himalayan rivers for irrigation, household use, industries and hydropower. At the same time, extreme weather due to climate change will also increase the risk of landslides and floods in this geologically and ecologically fragile mountain region.

The south face of Saipal Himal in western Nepal, showing shrinking ice over the past 15 years. Image via Nepali Times. Used with permission.

“Climate inaction is accelerating,” warns Saleem ul Huq of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development in Bangladesh. “This report shows that the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. We must act now to protect this region and its people.”

The report says the impact of the melting cryosphere on fragile mountain habitats is particularly acute, and it will have cascading impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity.

“With 67 percent of the HKH's eco-regions and 39 percent of the region's four global biodiversity hotspots outside protected areas, the HKH’s extraordinary biodiversity is particularly vulnerable to climate impacts,” the report warns.

Some 240 million people who live in the Himalayas and another 1.65 billion downstream in 16 countries of Asia will be affected by water shortages as the Himalayan icecap melts. Farmers in the Himalayas are already facing crop loss, fodder shortages and livestock deaths due to extreme weather.

“The hazards are becoming more complex and devastating,” says the report that was prepared by 35 scientists from 12 countries.

The report urges policymakers to prepare for the cascading impacts of climate change that provides fresh water to a quarter of the world’s population. It calls for urgent international support and regional cooperation for inevitable, near-term loss and damage, and to help communities adapt.

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TEHRAN, Jul. 01 (MNA) – The footage shows fire caused by the explosion of a petrochemical factory in East China's Jiangxi Province.

From George Washington to Donald Trump, America’s obsession with secret societies is a mainstay of our democracy — and it resurfaces whenever there’s a renewed push for civil rights, author of new book finds


In the last decade, American conspiracy theories about secret cabals working behind-the-scenes to control the world have grown ever more central to political conversations, with supporters in the highest offices in the land. From the Freemasons to the Illuminati, theories about power — and who wields it — are influencing our elected officials, shaping society, and prompting extreme believers to take violent action. 

But belief in world-dominating secret societies is nothing new — and it is woven into the very fabric of our democracy. As far back as the founding of the country, Americans have been obsessed with the idea of secret groups conspiring to pervert the will of the people and the rule of law.

Author Colin Dickey in his new book charts the history of America through its paranoias around secret societies, examining the powerful hold these theories have on the country.

This Q&A is based on a conversation with Dickey, author of the book “Under the Eye of Power: How Fear of Secret Societies Shapes American Democracy,” which will be released July 11. It has been edited for length and clarity. 

It feels like discussion of secret societies and conspiracies has been increasing recently; did you find that true in your research, or is it just a sense as more prevalent figures mention conspiracy theories?

I think for a lot of people, Trump seems singular as a President of the United States who sort of openly espoused conspiracy theories — that’s what I thought when I first dived in — but the more that I did the research, you find this is actually a mainstay in American culture and American politics. George Washington and Abraham Lincoln both openly espoused conspiracy theories of various kinds. Even Hillary Clinton argued, at least publicly, that the government was hiding secrets about aliens. So this is actually a thing that is, I found, constant. 

Can you describe the lifecycle of these conspiracy theories or this kind of belief in the secret society — when do these beliefs peak for us, socially?

These things are sort of omnipresent, but they tend to kind of flare at certain key moments. You find, again and again, almost on a generational level, these moral panics usually revolve around this idea of a secret group who is pulling the strings from behind the scenes. And those erupt as a response to a certain set of other social forces that develop and breed this kind of this reaction.

And can you describe some of those social forces that this conspiratorial mindset has historically or is currently responding to?

While I think all of us are prone to conspiratorial beliefs sort of across the political spectrum, this particular articulation of this idea of a secret group tends to be a thing that is pushed by the right wing in moments when social change seems to be moving at a pace that some people find uncomfortable. A good historical example of what I mean is during the Civil Rights Movement when white racist southerners began to allege that behind the civil rights movement was a sort of secret group of Jews who were pulling the strings. The idea that Black Americans in the South would not want, of their own accord, equality and justice — that they would only be doing this as a result of Bolshevik agitators from the North who were all Jewish.

Are we in one of those moments now?

I think where we’re at now, we’re seeing social changes that are happening both in terms of race and sexuality and gender, in ways that is discomforting for some people. One of the ways how that discomfort gets expressed is through these kinds of conspiracy theories: that maybe this stuff isn’t a natural evolution of people wanting their independence, and liberty, and freedom. Maybe it’s the work of some sort of group behind-the-scenes and, thus, you get the kind of absurd articulations of Pizza Gate and the secret network of pedophiles who are wrecking America.

People who staunchly believe in a powerful network of pedophiles point to high-profile cases like Jeffrey Epstein and his political ties to prove their point. What are your thoughts on the ability to point to significant social events like that and seeing that, in the conspiratorial mindset, as proof of the conspiracy?

One of the sort of “great” things about the conspiratorial mindset is that it is both unclassifiable and it is all-encompassing. It was important for me early on to make a distinction between actual conspiracies and conspiracy theories. There are a number of really classic actual conspiracies: Watergate, Iran-Contra, the Catholic Church abuse scandal. And those tend to be a specific cover-up around specific things, there’s an identifiable group of actors and once you start doing basic journalism, these things tend to unravel pretty quickly.

A conspiracy theory, on the other hand, is designed from the outset in such a way to be both impervious to countervailing evidence and also ever-expanding. For example, one of the weirdest things about antisemitism is that it simultaneously takes the form that all Jews are radical communist socialists who are out to undermine capitalism and simultaneously, they are themselves rapacious capitalists and bankers who are accumulating  as much wealth as possible. The reason why antisemitism is so pernicious and so, so difficult to stamp out is, in part, because it can do whatever the believer wants it to do. And that’s true of many conspiracy theories.

You mentioned Pizza Gate earlier. In your observation, is that a natural escalation of having this belief that a secret society exists and needing to take action to stop it?

The Pizza Gate incident to me represents one of the most extreme versions of what’s happening here, but I think, unfortunately, what has shifted right now, is that kind of violent tendency has moved to an open level of confrontation and intimidation that is currently being directed towards the trans community and drag performances and the LGBTQ+ community as well as continuing antisemitic attacks against synagogues. Right now, I think we’re at a very disturbing and dangerous time when that desire to quote-unquote “help people” has just become a shield to enact these kinds of threatening, intimidating, and violent acts against marginalized groups that are perfectly peaceful and harmless but are being attacked in these sort of violent and disturbing ways.

Nobody has a crystal ball, but where do you see this kind of mindset pushing us socially at this moment? You mentioned it’s a dangerous kind of a scary moment, but are you hopeful about it? Do you have predictions?

I wouldn’t say that I’m super hopeful about it. When I did the research, these moral panics tend to happen historically pretty regularly, you know, every generation. I think one of two things happen, broadly speaking: either more panics will involve the courts and successfully use the courts — a very famous and obvious example of that is the Salem Witch Trials, and more recently, the Satanic Panic of the 1980s. So, you do see these examples where the court system gets used against people, and, in the case of Salem, people were executed. In the case of the Satanic Panic, people were sentenced to decades in prison. Many of them served years in prison before they were finally exonerated.

But that doesn’t always happen and sometimes the courts are not receptive to these charges. And that’s, unfortunately, when you tend to see the most likely probability of mob violence of various forms. And I think that’s what we’re seeing. For example, thinking of Trump’s “lock her up” chant when there was this idea that we would use the courts to go after our political enemies. And it turned out that the American judicial system withstood that, and what it resulted with instead was the January 6th insurrection and other sorts of increasingly lawless acts of violence. So I think that’s, unfortunately, where we’re heading.

Is this something that we’re doomed to repeat?

I try not to be a pessimistic person. I don’t think we’re doomed to this. But I do think that it is a constant seduction, just based on the way that democracy works and something that I think we are morally and ethically and civilly obligated to be constantly aware of — as a very expected pitfall rather than something that belongs only to the radical fringe that we don’t need to worry too much.

What are the consequences of falling into that pitfall? What are the stakes?

When I did the research, I didn’t know exactly what I would find. But I did find, again and again, that these panics — not entirely, but almost always — are coming from the right, and they are being used to slow down, stifle, or reverse changes in the American identity that usually involve greater diversity, and greater economic freedom, greater freedoms for women.

So I think the danger of this pitfall is a society that will ultimately be less free, will take far, far longer for individuals who deserve the same rights as anybody else in this country to realize those those rights and freedoms and be able to live the life they lead. I think we owe it to our fellow Americans to be vigilant about how conspiracy theories formulate, because, almost always, the net effect is harm to the Americans and those in our country who have the least rights and freedoms and a benefit to those who have the most.

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91% of sub-Saharan African workers don’t save for old age

Why that’s a problem and how to fix it


Less than 10% of the workers in sub-Saharan Africa save for old age, the lowest rate for any region in the world. That implies most of the breadwinners today won’t be able to afford basic items after retirement. A pension plan is meant to commit employers to make regular savings so that employees will continue to earn after retirement. The Conversation Africa asked Owen Nyang'oro, a financial economist, about Africa’s pensions and why they need to be fixed.
What’s the state of sub-Saharan Africa’s pension savings?


In a recent study of retirement savings in sub-Saharan Africa (other than the francophone countries), we established that the continent’s pension funds are diverse in architecture, coverage and performance. But they mostly lag behind in reforms compared to other regions. Pension savings are also low compared to other regions. Only 19.8% of people above statutory retirement age receive a pension in sub-Saharan Africa, and just 8.9% of the labour force is covered by pension schemes. This is much lower than the global average where 77.5% of people above statutory age and 53.7% of workers have pension coverage.

Pension schemes in sub-Saharan African countries are characterised by low contributions due to low earnings, high informality, high financial illiteracy levels and lack of proper information about the benefits of adequate contributions for future pension withdrawals.

Market data shows that South Africa, with pension fund assets valued at about USD 330.3 billion in 2019 (latest country update), is the continent’s top performer in absolute terms. Nigeria, which had assets worth USD 32.6 billion, Kenya with USD 13.7 billion and Namibia with USD 13.3 billion were the other top pension savers in 2021.

Countries with low pension savings at the end of 2021 included Mozambique with USD 224 million, Zambia (USD 745 million) and Angola (USD 861 million).

But in proportion to the size of the economy, the best performers in 2019 included Namibia (95.4%), South Africa (82.6%) and Botswana (51.9%). Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Nigeria and Ghana trailed with pension assets below 10% of their gross domestic product.

Generally, Africa’s pension assets are very small compared to the 2021 retirement funds of say, the United States (USD 40.0 trillion) or the United Kingdom (USD 3.8 trillion).
What’s peculiar about Africa’s population?

The majority of the population is young and fertility rates are high. The old-age dependency ratio (the number of elderly people for every economically active person) is low compared to other regions, averaging 5.5 in 2022, and the ageing population is small but increasing. The annual population growth rate in sub-Saharan Africa was 2.5% in 2022, which is more than three times the global annual average of 0.8%.

With much younger populations and relatively high population growth rates, the number of dependants in sub-Saharan African countries is increasing at a slightly faster rate, and over time the numbers of elderly people needing social support will also rise. It is projected that the number of elderly persons in the region will grow at annual rates above 3% between 2022 and 2050.

The concern is that only one in five people of pensionable age receives an old-age pension compared to over three in four people globally.

High levels of unemployment and the large size of the informal sector—which accounts for over 89.2% of the labour work force—mean that the elderly will continue to face income challenges. Households are also becoming smaller and changing from multi-generational (made up of grandparents, parents, children and grandchildren) which offer social support to the elderly, to skipped-generation (where grandparents live with grandchildren in the absence of parents) or one-generation (where the elderly live by themselves).

What are the benefits of a good pension system?

The primary goal of pension savings is to provide income and livelihood in old age. However, pension savings can also be mobilised to finance productive activities and improve living standards.

The continent’s annual infrastructure funding gap (the difference between resources required and what’s available) is estimated at between USD 68 billion and USD 108 billion. Resources to meet the infrastructure gap could be mobilized from pension funds. This requires good governance and removal of any regulatory obstacles. Pension funds can also support development of capital markets and improve ease of trade in the capital market through their investment activities.

Pension funds can also reduce public borrowing, and improve efficiency of the labour market by creating incentives for formalisation of businesses.

How should countries improve pension savings?

African governments can boost pension savings in four ways:

Increase pension participation and coverage by including the unemployed and those in the informal sector. This could be achieved through a targeted universal pension scheme and greater financial literacy. The countries should have a mix of universal schemes and schemes with payroll deductions and employer contributions.

Bundling pensions with other products. Bundling pensions with other products such as life insurance cover, and even matching contributions to encourage greater participation and long-term savings in pension funds. Favourable tax considerations can also enhance the growth of contributions and assets of pension funds.

Use of technology. Leverage innovations in digital technology to increase pension savings. The region accounts for 53% of active mobile money accounts in 2021. Use of digital technology could increase coverage, especially in the informal sector. It can make enrolment and contribution to pension funds easier.

Review regulatory frameworks of the pension sector to open it up to the unserved population. There is also a need to streamline management of pensions and minimise costs of administration, especially for private pensions. This will allow pension funds to extend investments to other assets, including foreign ones, to improve returns.

Sub-Saharan African countries are likely to gain from a well-developed pension system that provides adequate income to the elderly. This will in turn reduce the need for social protection, provide financing for infrastructure development, and support the development of capital markets.

All this calls for deliberate reforms to facilitate growth of pension savings. Countries should prioritise pensions within their development plans, address informality in the labour market and take advantage of technological advancements and the youthful population.

A well-developed pension system will improve the region’s financial stability through reduced budgetary strain as funds become available for development. It could also open up capital markets and improve the labour market, thus leading to growth.

The article is based on a study prepared within the UNU-WIDER project The domestic savings shortfall in developing countries - what can be done about it?, which is part of the Domestic Revenue Mobilization programme financed through specific contributions by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad).


This article was first published on The Conversation Africa and is reprinted with permission. Read the original here.

Owen Nyang'oro is a lecturer at the University of Nairobi.

The views expressed in this piece are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute or the United Nations University, nor the programme/project donors.