It’s possible that I shall make an ass of myself. But in that case one can always get out of it with a little dialectic. I have, of course, so worded my proposition as to be right either way (K.Marx, Letter to F.Engels on the Indian Mutiny)
Sunday, November 15, 2026
Extreme cold and drought events reveal thresholds in East Asian monsoon climate
“About one fifth of the world’s population depends on the East Asian monsoon for access to fresh water,” says Francien Peterse, Professor of Organic Geochemistry at Utrecht University’s Faculty of Geosciences (Dept. of Earth Sciences) and co-author of the study. “It is therefore crucial to understand how climate change affects this monsoon system, and especially the rainfall it brings.”
Separating temperature and precipitation
It is generally assumed that, over long timescales—tens to hundreds of thousands of years—the strength of the monsoon climate tracks changes in solar radiation: the more radiation, the more intense the summer monsoon, with warmer and wetter conditions, and vice versa. However, the methods most commonly used to study the past dynamics of this system often combine temperature and precipitation signals. This makes it difficult to distinguish temperature changes from changes in rainfall.
How is climate change affecting the monsoon system and the rainfall it brings? That’s what we aim to understand
In an earlier study, the researchers therefore developed a method to distinguish past changes in temperature from changes in precipitation. They based it on subtle variations in the molecular structure of the membranes of soil bacteria. “These bacteria adjust the structure of their membrane molecules when their environment changes. The adjustments caused by temperature differ from those caused by precipitation. This allows us to distinguish between temperature and precipitation—something that conventional methods are unable to do.”
Extreme cold and drought
In the current study, the researchers analysed fossil membrane molecules in a sediment sequence from the Chinese Loess Plateau. This allowed them to investigate how precipitation responded to temperature changes over the past 250,000 years. Hao Lu, lead author of the study, says: “We see that, over astronomical timescales, both temperature and precipitation track changes in incoming solar radiation, although precipitation sometimes responds only after a delay of a few thousand years. But we also found departures from this pattern: abrupt periods of extremely cold and dry conditions that can last for several thousand years.”
Abrupt climate change on land
The researchers compared their data with climate-model output. This showed that the extreme periods occur at predictable times: when incoming solar radiation falls below a certain level. “This threshold had already been identified in a study by one of our co-authors, but now, for the first time, we have evidence that crossing it actually triggered abrupt climate change on land. We also see that the climate only recovers once incoming radiation rises above the threshold again.”
“These abrupt changes in the monsoon climate occur mainly when CO₂ concentrations are low,” Peterse says. “This shows that the background climate state matters. These ancient events do not directly predict the extremes we face today, but they help us understand how solar radiation can produce abrupt climate responses."
College students are reporting lower rates of depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts, continuing a multiyear pattern of improvement, according to recent findings from the 2025–2026 Healthy Minds Study.
The national student report—based on responses from 67,477 students at 107 colleges and universities—found that 34% screened positive for moderate or severe depression, down from 37% in the previous report. Moderate or severe anxiety declined from 32% to 30%, while suicidal ideation fell from 11% to 10%.
Positive mental health, measured through relationships, self-esteem, purpose and optimism, increased from 36% to 43%.
“The data are truly encouraging,” said Justin Heinze, co-principal investigator of the Healthy Minds Study and an associate professor of Health Behavior and Health Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. “Not only are we seeing the continuation of downward trend in screens for major mental health concerns, but we’re also seeing general well-being improve. It’s not a guarantee that decreasing depression or anxiety means an increase in positive mental health, so I’m really pleased to see that prevalence going up—but clearly there is still a lot of need.”
Despite the improvements, mental health challenges remain widespread. One-quarter of students reported non-suicidal self-injury during the past year, 28% screened positive for being at risk for an eating disorder and two-thirds said emotional or mental difficulties had affected their academic performance during the previous four weeks.
Mental health care and barriers
Among students who screened positive for depression or anxiety, 61% received counseling, psychiatric medication or both during the past year. Across all students, 36% received therapy and 30% took psychiatric medication.
Time and cost remained major barriers. Twenty-three percent cited insufficient time, 19% cited financial reasons and 12% said they were unsure where to go for care.
The report also found that 7% of students received counseling or support from an artificial intelligence chatbot such as ChatGPT, reflecting a changing landscape of informal and digital help-seeking.
“AI chatbots are becoming part of the mental health support landscape for college students, and that raises important questions about safety, effectiveness, equity, and how these tools fit into the broader network of care that campuses provide,” said Erin Voichoski, statistician and data manager of the Healthy Minds Study. “We need to better understand what students are seeking from these tools and how they may be able to complement—not replace—meaningful connections with mental health professionals and other sources of support.”
Faculty and staff balance student support with their own needs
A companion Healthy Minds Study report surveyed 5,557 faculty and staff members at 16 institutions. Nearly half—48%—had a one-on-one conversation with a student about mental or emotional health during the previous year. However, only about half felt confident recognizing student distress, and 16% said supporting students had taken a toll on their own mental health.
Among faculty and staff, 16% screened positive for depression, 16% for anxiety and 28% reported high or very high work-related burnout. Only 30% agreed that their institution prioritized employee mental health, compared with 61% who said student mental health was an institutional priority.
Together, the reports show that campus mental health extends beyond counseling centers. It affects academic performance, employee well-being and the faculty and staff members that students often approach for support.
About the Healthy Minds Study: The Healthy Minds Study is an annual national survey examining mental health, service use and related issues among college students, faculty and staff. Led by researchers at the University of Michigan, Boston University, UCLA and Wayne State University, the study helps colleges and universities identify needs, evaluate programs and inform campus mental health policies. Since its national launch in 2007, the study has surveyed hundreds of thousands of people across U.S. institutions. Learn more and explore the reports at the Healthy Minds Network.
Wildfire smoke during pregnancy linked to asthma in young children
New research finds the later months of pregnancy may be an especially sensitive time
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
Credit: American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
PHOENIX, Ariz. (Nov. 12, 2026) – Babies whose mothers breathed in wildfire smoke and other air pollution during the middle and later months of pregnancy were more likely to develop asthma as young children. That’s according to a new study being presented at the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) 2026 Annual Scientific Meeting.
Devastating large wildfires burned across Northern California from 2017 to 2020, spreading smoke over areas where millions of people live. Pregnant women and young children are among those most at risk from any smoke exposure, including wildfire. A baby’s lungs are still growing in the womb, so researchers wanted to know whether wildfire smoke during pregnancy could affect a child’s breathing and lung health in later years.
“A baby’s lung development begins before birth, and our study suggests that certain stages of pregnancy maybe be especially vulnerable to the effects of wildfire smoke,” said Anh Nguyen, MD, lead author of the study and ACAAI member. “As wildfires become more frequent and affect larger population, knowing when the exposure poses the greatest risk can help families, healthcare providers, and public health officials to take steps to protect both mothers and babies.”
The researchers studied 1,097 children who were born full-term in Northern California. 108 children were born from mothers who were pregnant during the 2017 – 2020 Northern California wildfires and were recruited from B-SAFE (Bio-Specimen Assessment of Fire Effects) study. 989 children who were born at UC Davis Medical center between 2017-2019 and from areas affected by the recent Northern California wildfires were also included through chart review.
The researchers estimated how much polluted air each mother breathed every day during pregnancy and after the baby was born. They looked at two things:
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5): Tiny bits of pollution in the air, many times smaller than the width of a human hair. They can come from smoke, cars, and factories, and they can travel deep into the lungs.
Wildfire pollution: Pollution that came from the wildfire smoke itself.
The researchers accounted for other things that can affect asthma development, such as the child’s age and sex, how far along the pregnancy was at birth, family history of asthma and whether the mother was around cigarette smoke while pregnant. Then they found:
More fine-particle pollution during the second trimester (months 4 to 6 of pregnancy) was linked to asthma in early childhood.
More wildfire pollution during the third trimester (months 7 to 9) and around the time of birth was also linked to asthma in early childhood.
The study shows a link between wildfire smoke and asthma. It does not prove that smoke causes asthma. Still, knowing which months of pregnancy may matter most could help doctors offer pregnant women clearer advice during wildfire season. It could also help health leaders plan ways to protect pregnant women when the air is affected by smoke.
“Pregnant women can’t control when a wildfire happens, but there are things they can do on smoky days,” said Dr. Nguyen. “Staying indoors, keeping windows closed, and using an air purifier can help lower how much smoke they breathe in.”
Abstract Title: Effect of Prenatal Wildfire Exposure on Asthma Development
Presenter: Anh Nguyen, MD
If your child’s asthma is not well controlled, talk with a board-certified allergist about treatment options. To find an allergist near you, visit AllergyandAsthmaRelief.org. The ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting is Nov. 12-16. For more news and research from the ACAAI Scientific Meeting, go to our newsroom and follow the conversation on X/Twitter #ACAAI26.
About ACAAI
The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) is a professional medical organization of more than 6,500 allergists-immunologists and allied health professionals, headquartered in Arlington Heights, Ill. Founded in 1942, the College fosters a culture of collaboration and congeniality in which its members work together and with others toward the common goals of patient care, education, advocacy, and research. ACAAI allergists are board-certified physicians trained to diagnose allergies and asthma, administer immunotherapy, and provide patients with the best treatment outcomes. For more information and to find relief, visit AllergyandAsthmaRelief.org. Join us on Facebook, Instagram, Threads and X.
EFFECT OF PRENATAL WILDFIRE EXPOSURE ON ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT
R141 A. Nguyen*, A. Goodrich, Y. Ren, K. Kim, R. Schmidt, Sacramento, CA.
Introduction: In the past few years, multiple wildfires caused devastating destruction in Northern California, affecting millions, especially pregnant women and children who are particularly vulnerable. Our study aims to investigate the impact of wildfire smoke on developing fetal lung.
Methods: Analyses included 1097 full term (≥ 37 gestation weeks) children. 108 children were born from mothers who were pregnant during the 2017 – 2020 Northern California wildfires and were recruited from B-SAFE (Bio-Specimen Assessment of Fire Effects) study. 989 children who were born at UC Davis Medical center between 2017-2019 and from areas affected by the recent Northern California wildfires were also included through chart review. Daily air pollution exposures were estimated using a hybrid modeling approach that captured estimate PM2.5 exposure for each subject. A Cox proportional hazards model combined with distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the associations of asthma and wheezing with PM2.5 exposure and wildfire (WF)-specific pollutant during pregnancy and infancy.
Results: Distributed lag models adjusting for child age, sex, gestational age, and secondhand smoking during pregnancy showed that increased PM2.5 exposure levels during second trimester and increased WF-specific pollutant during third trimester and at birth were significantly associated with early childhood asthma development.
Conclusion: Prenatal exposures to PM2.5 and WF-specific pollutants, especially during second and third trimester, were associated with later development of asthma. In identifying sensitive window of gestation exposure to wildfire smoke, this can help shape preventive strategies that mitigate maternal exposure and ultimately protect children’s health.
Journal
Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology
Method of Research
Content analysis
Subject of Research
People
Article Title
EFFECT OF PRENATAL WILDFIRE EXPOSURE ON ASTHMA DEVELOPMENT
Article Publication Date
12-Nov-2026
Innovative Community Grant Projects Address Barriers to Allergy and Asthma Care
The Allergists’ Foundation annual grant awards support projects that reduce health disparities
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
PHOENIX (Nov. 12, 2026) – Since 2021, The Allergists’ Foundation, the philanthropic arm of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, has funded innovative projects led by practicing allergists that close health equity gaps and provide richer, fuller lives for patients.
Grants are awarded in the following two categories:
Planning/exploratory projects (up to $10,000 for 12 months) to address issues that have not been fully explored, for which data needs to be gathered.
Implementation grants (up to $25,000 for 24 months) for projects in which preliminary data has been gathered and initial planning has taken place. These grants help take the work to the “next level.”
This year, three grantees will present their work at the ACAAI National Scientific Meeting in Phoenix. The awards are made possible thanks to generous donations from College members and support from GSK.
“Each year, the Allergists’ Foundation receives a strong response to our call for proposals under the Community Grant Program,” said allergist Todd Mahr, MD, ACAAI Executive Medical Director and chair of the Foundation’s Grants Allocation Committee. “While that makes the job of selecting projects for funding challenging, it’s a challenge we happily accept. We are impressed with the quality and creativity of the proposals we receive, and we look forward to reviewing more project ideas with each new grant cycle.”
The abstracts for the grants being presented at the 2026 ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting are below.
R322 PREPARING FOR THE UNEXPECTED: TACKLING ASTHMA AND ANAPHYLAXIS EMERGENCIES IN URBAN SCHOOLS D. Pillay*1, M. Pansare2, M. El-Bohy2, D. Seth2, R. Revan2, 1. Flower Mound, TX;2. Detroit, MI.
Introduction: The incidence of food allergies and asthma is rising in US school age children, as are classroom emergencies related to these conditions. Urban schools experience barriers to providing appropriate interventions such as inadequate training, staffing, and funding due to various social determinants of health. Our project focused on identifying and filling gaps in knowledge regarding asthma/anaphylaxis care and assessing changes in knowledge and comfort level after an educational intervention. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study assessing the impact of hands-on education of non-clinical school staff and school nurses regarding asthma/anaphylaxis management in urban schools. Responses to a brief questionnaire collected pre- and post-intervention were used for analysis. Results: There were 72 respondents in the non-clinical staff group and 168 in the school nurses’ group. Following the intervention, non-clinical staff showed a percentage increase in comfort recognizing anaphylaxis of 28% (p=0.016), using an epinephrine auto-injector (EAI) of 45% (p=0.0001), recognizing asthma emergencies of 45% (p<0.0001), and using an albuterol inhaler correctly of 48% (p<0.0001). Correct identification of epinephrine as first-line anaphylaxis treatment also rose, from 57% to 89% (p=0.007) post-intervention. Among school nurses, comfort recognizing anaphylaxis increased by 11% (p=0.048), recognizing asthma emergencies by 13% (p=0.018), and correct EAI use by 12% (p=0.008). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in comfort/knowledge after our intervention. Hands-on education by allergists is an effective tool for improving comfort/knowledge of clinical and non-clinical school staff regarding asthma/anaphylaxis management in the school setting.
R275 ASSESSING THE ROLE OF FOOD INSECURITY IN PEDIATRIC FOOD ALLERGY AT AN ACADEMIC ALLERGY CENTER R. Moreno*1, J. Witonsky1, S. Cooper2, L. Sanchez1, 1. San Francisco, CA;2. San Francisco, CA.
Introduction: Health disparities in food allergy (FA) have been well-documented, with disparate outcomes for patients who are low-income or a racial/ethnic minority. These groups are underdiagnosed and experience lower rates of oral food challenge (OFC) completion. Efforts to address barriers to FA care have been proposed, including food insecurity (FI) screening, but its effects on FA care have not been well described. Methods: Retrospective review of pediatric FA patients ages 0-18 years presenting to a two-site academic pediatric allergy center from January 2018 - December 2025 (N=2869). Data included demographics and responses to the Hunger Vital Sign, a validated FI screening tool. OFC completion was determined by ICD codes. Bivariate analyses were conducted, using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Results: The racial composition of patients differed by OFC completion status (p < 0.001), with patients who identified as Black (7.9% v. 2.6%) and Other (22.0% v. 12.9%) being over-represented in the OFC non-completion group compared to the completion group. Latine patients were over-represented in the non-completion group (21.4% v. 15.9%; p = 0.019). Publicly insured patients were over-represented in the non-completion group (27.8% v. 13.3%; p < 0.001). Completion status did not differ by FI status (p = 0.784) or language (English v. Non-English; p = 0.217). Conclusion: While FI or language were not associated with differences in OFC completion rate, race/ethnicity and insurance were. Targeted interventions are needed to address disparities in OFC completion.
AI Use Statement
During the preparation of this work the author(s) used UCSF Chat GPT Enterprise in order to revise Python code for the analyses. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
R147 DEVELOPMENT OF A MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM TO PREDICT 30-DAY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT READMISSIONS FOR ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS R. Lee, W. Hsu, J. Bernstein, P. Ryan, J. Bernstein*, Cincinnati, OH.
Introduction: Asthma affects over 4.5 million US children, with 1 in 12 requiring emergency department (ED) visits. This study sought to develop machine learning algorithms (MLAs) capable of predicting 30-day pediatric asthma ED readmissions
Methods: A retrospective analysis using de-identified data from a quaternary pediatric center was conducted for asthma-related ED visits in children 6-21 years old between 1/1/2010–12/31/2022. Information collected at admission included patient demographics, medications, systemic glucocorticoid use, asthma comorbidities, diagnostic data and environmental determinants (temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, pollen and mold counts, air quality index). R, Python and SAS were used to develop MLA models and conduct statistical analyses with data split into 80% for training and 20% for testing.
Results: Eight MLAs were developed using 31,779 individual ED encounters for 15,579 asthmatics to analyze a comprehensive model utilizing all variables versus a simple model using only patient demographics, medications, and ED admission season. The logistic mixed-effects (LG Mix) algorithm yielded the highest areas under the curve (AUC) for these comprehensive (0.897) and simple (0.897) training models. With test data, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm generated the highest AUC of 0.741 for comprehensive and 0.745 for simple models. No statistically significant differences between the LG Mix and SVM algorithms were identified for the comprehensive (p = 0.796) and simple models (p= 0.398).
Conclusion: Using MLAs identified a simple model for identifying a pediatric asthma population at high-risk for 30-day ED readmission. These findings have important healthcare cost ramifications as more aggressive outpatient management could prevent overutilization of expensive hospital resources.
Simple and comprehensive test models similarly predict 30-day ED asthma readmission risk.
(Table here can be found in online abstracts)
Area under the curve (AUC) for comprehensive and simple test models similarly predict 30-day emergency department readmission rate. Empiric p-values > 0.05 indicate the observed AUC difference is not larger than expected under the null of no difference. LR = logistic regression, EN = elastic net, LASSO = least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, LG MIX = logistic mixed-effects, NN = neural network, XGB = XGBoost, SVM = support vector machine, KNN = K-nearest neighbor
For more information about allergies and asthma, or to find an allergist in your area, visit acaai.org. The ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting is Nov. 12-16. For more news and research from the ACAAI Scientific Meeting, go to our newsroom and follow the conversation on X/Twitter #ACAAI26.
About ACAAI
The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) is a professional medical organization of more than 6,500 allergists-immunologists and allied health professionals, headquartered in Arlington Heights, IL. Founded in 1942, the College fosters a culture of collaboration and congeniality in which its members work together and with others toward the common goals of patient care, education, advocacy, and research. ACAAI allergists are board-certified physicians trained to diagnose allergies and asthma, administer immunotherapy, and provide patients with the best treatment outcomes. For more information and to find relief, visit AllergyandAsthmaRelief.org. Join us on Facebook, Pinterest and Instagram.
Journal
Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology
Method of Research
Observational study
Subject of Research
People
Article Title
PREPARING FOR THE UNEXPECTED: TACKLING ASTHMA AND ANAPHYLAXIS EMERGENCIES IN URBAN SCHOOLS
Clinicians know food allergy panels can lead to overdiagnosis — but order them anyway
21% of surveyed clinicians ordered the test at the request of the family
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
PHOENIX (Nov. 12, 2026) – New research being presented at the 2026 Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) showed many clinicians in a survey knew that food allergy panel testing often results in false positives— yet they kept ordering it anyway.
Food allergy panel testing checks a person's blood for allergic proteins produced by the immune system, or immunoglobulin E antibodies, to many foods at once. These commercially available panels frequently come back with "false positives," indicating the presence of allergic proteins, or sensitization, to foods even when a clinical food allergy may not exist.
"Most of the clinicians we surveyed already knew these tests could lead to false positive results, but many still ordered them despite current guidelines advising against their use," said allergist-immunologist Katelyn Wong, MD, senior author of the study and ACAAI member. "False positive results can lead families to cut out foods that were never actually unsafe, cause unnecessary stress, and add extra costs. At one hospital system alone, more than 1,700 of these panels were ordered in a single year.”
Researchers surveyed 300 clinicians who ordered at least one food allergy panel in 2024. Forty-three completed the anonymous survey, most of them primary care doctors, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.
Several findings stood out:
85% of clinicians knew these panels often give false positive results — but ordered them anyway.
Many clinicians had ordered food allergy panels for unvalidated indications such as food allergies, hives, and eczema.
Some clinicians had ordered the test simply because a patient or family asked for it, not because it was medically needed.
In one survey question about a patient with eczema and a family history of food allergy, nurse practitioners and physician assistants were more likely than physicians to think a food allergy panel was the right choice, even though experts do not recommend this.
The gap between knowing the downsides of the panels and knowing expert recommendations may help explain why these panels are ordered so often, even though experts advise against them.
When a food allergy panel has a false positive result, families may end up avoiding foods that were never actually a problem. This can make mealtimes stressful, limit a child's diet without reason, and add worry the family didn't need. It can also mean additional visits and unnecessary costs. Moreover, avoidance of food allergens can increase the risk of developing food allergies.
Abstract Title: Exploring Ordering Clinicians’ Perspectives of Food Allergy Panels
Presenter: Mai Nguyen, MD, PhD
For more information about diagnosis and treatment of food allergies, or to find an allergist in your area, visit AllergyandAsthmaRelief.org. The ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting is Nov. 12-16. For more news and research from the ACAAI Scientific Meeting, go to our newsroom and follow the conversation on X/Twitter #ACAAI26.
About ACAAI
The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) is a professional medical organization of more than 6,500 allergists-immunologists and allied health professionals, headquartered in Arlington Heights, Ill. Founded in 1942, the College fosters a culture of collaboration and congeniality in which its members work together and with others toward the common goals of patient care, education, advocacy, and research. ACAAI allergists are board-certified physicians trained to diagnose allergies and asthma, administer immunotherapy, and provide patients with the best treatment outcomes. For more information and to find relief, visit AllergyandAsthmaRelief.org. Join us on Facebook, Instagram, Threads and X.
EXPLORING ORDERING CLINICIANS’ PERSPECTIVES OF FOOD ALLERGY PANELS R285 M. Nguyen*, K. Brady, K. Wong, New Haven, CT.
Introduction: Broad food allergy (FA) panels are over-ordered for unvalidated indications, with over 1,700 ordered at our institution in 2024. Professional societies advise against their use due to the negative consequences of unnecessary food avoidance, psychological stress, and financial burden. This study aimed to elucidate ordering clinicians’ rationale and understanding of these panels.
Methods: 300 clinicians who had ordered at least one FA panel in 2024 were contacted via email or Epic message to participate in a voluntary, anonymous survey. Results were analyzed using Qualtrics and Prism. This study was exempted by IRB.
Results: 43 clinicians completed the survey. Most were generalists (55% internal medicine, 27% pediatrics) and physicians (MD/DO 58% vs NP/PA 40%). The mean length of practice was 16 years (standard deviation=10). Most learned about FA panels after training (44%). 85% recognized that FA panels have high false positive rates. Clinicians reported appropriate FA panel indications includedIgE-mediated FA (38%), urticaria (29%) and eczema (14%). Clinicians had previously ordered FA panels for IgE-mediated FA (24%), patient/family request (21%), and urticaria (20%). When asked to evaluate eczema triggers in a patient with family history of FA, 30% of MD/DOs and 63% of NP/PAs agreed that FA panel would be indicated (Χ2 (1, N = 43) = 3.946, p = 0.047).
Conclusion: This survey identified knowledge gaps regarding appropriate indications for FA panels despite awareness of high false positive rates, suggesting that targeted educational efforts may prove helpful to reduce the use of FA panels.
Journal
Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology
Method of Research
Survey
Subject of Research
People
Article Title
EXPLORING ORDERING CLINICIANS’ PERSPECTIVES OF FOOD ALLERGY PANELS
