California's blue oaks threatened by hotter temps, longer droughts




California's blue oak tree, Quercus douglasii, is the primary species in the state's largest old growth forest ecosystem. Photo by M. Ritter, W. Mark and J. Reimer/Cal Poly


June 29 (UPI) -- The near-five-year drought that dehydrated much of California between 2012 and 2016 led to significant tree cover declines and die-offs.

According to a new study, California's famed blue oak woodlands were especially hard hit.

The latest analysis, published Tuesday in the journal Frontiers in Climate, revealed declines of more than 1,200 square kilometers, or nearly 650 square miles.

The blue oak, Quercus douglasii, which is endemic to California, can be found dotting the foothills of the Sierra Nevadas.

RELATED Climate change to blame for megadrought emerging across Western U.S.

It is the state's most drought-resistant oak species, but the new research suggests the typically resilient tree may struggle to survive more frequent and prolonged droughts.

"Our findings indicate that droughts that last several years, and which occur along with warmer than historically normal temperatures, pose serious threats to the blue oak woodlands," first study author Francis Dwomoh, researcher with ASRC Federal Data Solutions said in a press release.

"Acting in concert with wildfires, these harsher climatic conditions may lead to major tree cover loss, with negative consequences on the plants and wildlife that depend on them, as well as the goods and services we derive from this ecosystem," said Dwomoh, a researcher with ASRC Federal Data Solutions, a contractor to the United States Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center.

California's blue oak woodlands are estimated to be the state's most widespread old-growth forest ecosystems, predating the arrival of European colonists.

The woodlands are also host to rich biodiversity, providing food and shelter for more than 300 vertebrate animal species.

Using Landsat satellite images, researchers approximated tree cover losses, as well as conditional changes, among the blue oak woodlands over the last decade. Scientists also used fire records to ensure documented losses were attributable to drought conditions.

The data showed forests that were both affected and unaffected by fire experienced significant tree cover loses and conditional changes -- partial disruption or degradation -- as a result of the mega-drought that stretched from 2012 to 2016.

The data also showed the negative impacts of wildfires in blue oak woodlands were more pronounced during the drought's hottest, driest years.

"We hope that our research findings will be useful for identifying and prioritizing the most vulnerable areas of the woodlands for appropriate management interventions," Dwomoh said.

"Furthermore, our results might be helpful to plan for more resilient blue oak woodlands and similar landscapes as the harsher climatic conditions of 2012-2016 are likely to be more common in the future," Dwomoh said.

Biden offers $50 billion to fight West wildfires, boosts firefighter pay

TO $15 PER HR!!! 

IT SHOULD BE OVER $150 PR HR

June 30 (UPI) -- President Joe Biden offered assistance Wednesday to a group of Western governors to help them prepare their states for the new wildfire season, which is well underway.

Biden offered the states $50 billion in wildfire protection and risk mitigation funds as part of a proposed bipartisan infrastructure deal.

Biden's administration also said it will help increase firefighters' pay to a minimum of $15 per hour and work with Congress to improve compensation.

"These are short-term solutions to support our federal wildland firefighters, especially due to the multiple impacts of COVID and climate change this year," the White House said in a statement.

RELATED High heat, drought conditions fuel dozens of wildfires in western U.S.


"The administration will work with Congress on longer-term much-needed compensation, benefit, and work-life balance reforms for federal wildland firefighters."

The White House also said Biden wants to extend hiring for temporary firefighters, transition more fire personnel into the permanent positions, train and equip military personnel to respond to wildfires and increase the number of air tankers and helicopters.

Officials said Biden will also leverage satellite and other technologies to support fire crews and other emergency personnel and work with electric companies to mitigate issues with power lines and electrical grids in high-risk areas.

RELATED Backbone Fire in Arizona nearly triples in size to 17,126 acres

Wednesday's meeting, which the governors attended remotely, was attended by Vice President Kamala Harris and Govs. Kate Brown of Oregon, Gavin Newsom of California, Mark Gordon of Wyoming, Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico, Spencer Cox of Utah, Steve Sisolak of Nevada, Jay Inslee of Washington and Jared Polis of Colorado.

The White House said the group and private sector partners went over the "devastating intersection of drought, heat and wildfires" in the West and developed ways to strengthen "prevention, preparedness and response efforts."

A number of fires are burning in western states -- particularly California, Arizona and Oregon. In California, for example, the Lava Fire has burned more than 13,300 acres in Siskiyou County.

RELATED Heat wave in western U.S. will set records

"We're at a point where we're simply going to be overwhelmed year after year going forward given the current systems we have in place," Jim Whittington, an expert in wildland fire response, told the Los Angeles Times.

"We really need to look at the way we staff and work wildland fires, the way we fund them and the way we take care of our people. We need a full reset."

Some experts say the federal government's partnership will be a welcome effort after former President Donald Trump often blamed the fires on poor forest management.

Some Western governors have said Wednesday's meeting was tainted by partisan politics.

Republican Montana Gov. Greg Gianforte complained on social media that he was not invited to participate, nor were Doug Ducey of Arizona and Brad Little of Idaho.

"Disappointed to learn in news stories that [Biden] didn't offer a seat at the table to Montana and other states facing a severe wildfire season," Gianforte tweeted last week. "I hope his call for working together wasn't just lip service and Montana's invitation is just lost in the mail."

Gordon and Cox, who attended the meeting, are Republicans.

'Crazy hot': Seattle shatters all-time high-temperature record

By Mark Puleo, Accuweather.com

It's hotter than it's ever been before in the Pacific Northwest and you'll have to excuse the locals for not being totally prepared over the weekend. In a region where many households aren't equipped with air conditioning, temperatures topped 95 degrees Fahrenheit, then 100, then 105 F in what has become the most menacing heat wave in Washington history.

A week ahead of Independence Day, nature's early barbecue celebration stuck the Northwest directly into the coals.

In Seattle, residents had never experienced heat the likes of which enveloped the city Sunday. Temperatures in the Emerald City topped out at 104 degrees F, a new all-time high for a place that's more commonly thought of for its rain than its heat. Even at its coolest, the temperature never dropped below 73 F, a record-high minimum for Seattle.

Roads in Everson, Washington, were forced to close due to roads buckling under the record-breaking heat. (Twitter/@wspd7pio)

In Everson, Washington, located about 100 miles north of Seattle, the heat proved so extreme that roads and sidewalks buckled. State officers shared photos of the cracked roadways, which rendered the streets unsafe and caused detours.

In Yakima, located in the southeastern portion of the state, other Twitter users shared photos of sidewalks buckling under the heat and popping out of the ground.

Dr. Kristie Ebi, a professor at the University of Washington, told AccuWeather National Reporter Bill Wadell that she was particularly concerned for high-risk residents of the area, such as the elderly.

"We're well under 50 of people who have access to air conditioning," she said. "I was quite surprised a couple of years ago when we had a heat wave...I was the only one who had air conditioning, no one else did."

Before Sunday's rotisserie, Seattle's prior record high of 103 F was set on July 29, 2009, the same day on which high-temperature records were also set in Olympia and Shelton. Both of those cities also had all-time records fall on Sunday, too, with Olympia reaching 105 and Shelton maxing out at 107, according to the National Weather Service.

The brutal heat ushered residents indoors and shuttered businesses as officials urged people to stay out of the sun's wrath.

Kevin Darras, of IAMDARRAS, sells custom-made T-shirts at Seattle's famed Pike Place Market and on Sunday told Wadell that the weather made a direct impact on his sales.

"The crowds are here, but they're dissipating early. So we have to get here, get set up, get comfortable and try to make some sales," Darras said. "It's definitely affecting sales -- probably cut in half. Still lucky to be down here and enjoying the weather. Even if it's hot, we're staying cool."

At its peak broil, the mercury in thermometers even touched the 115 mark in Pasco, Washington, on Sunday. On Monday, Portland, Oregon, saw temperatures reach 115 as well -- the third consecutive day the city has set a new all-time record high.

That kind of heat is enough to make any visiting tourists question their vacationing decisions. Eden Marcus, visiting Seattle from Chicago, told Wadell that increased amounts of water and sunscreen have aided in saving the trip.


"It's crazy hot. Right now it's breezy but when you're standing still it's insane to be outside for more than a few minutes," he said.

But unlike many others in the city, Marcus' stay includes air conditioning. For residents, such as Sheri Grittman, the heat has been severe enough to consider moving to another state.

Grittman, her husband and their two cats became full-time RVers four years ago, she told Wadell, and the mobile homes one air-conditioning unit is certainly not doing the trick.

"Portland gets triple digits, where I'm from, but not up here, it's always about 10 degrees cooler always from Portland. Very abnormal," she said.

The heat proved daunting enough for Grittman that she even told Wadell on Sunday that she was looking forward to returning to work after the weekend for the sake of air conditioning.

"I'm gonna love work," she exclaimed. "It's Monday and I'm gonna love work!"

The heat wave's wrath began in earnest last week in Washington before spiking over the weekend. Farther north, high-temperature recordings of 116 F in British Columbia broke the all-time record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Canada.

In Oregon, it was in Eugene where the heat may have the most notable impact, forcing a temporary halt to the U.S. Olympic Track and Field Trials on Sunday. Athletes were forced to wait for the brunt of heat to calm down before competition could restart.

Keep checking back on AccuWeather.com

Hundreds of deaths linked to historic heat wave in western Canada


June 30 (UPI) -- More than 230 people in the Western Canadian province of British Colombia died last weekend amid an historic heat wave, authorities said.

Lisa Lapointe, the chief coroner for the province, said in a statement Tuesday that at least 233 people have died from the heat between Friday and Monday.


"Since the onset of the heat wave late last week, the B.C. Coroners Service has experienced a significant increase in deaths reported where it is suspected that extreme heat has been contributory," Lapointe said.

Lapointe said the office usually receives about 130 deaths over a four-day period, and added that she expects the death toll to rise.

"Environmental heat exposure can lead to severe or fatal results, particularly in older people, infants and young children and those with chronic illnesses," she said.

Police in Vancouver called on residents to check on loved ones because resources are depleted due to the rise in heat-related deaths.

"Vancouver has never experienced heat like this, and sadly dozens of people are dying because of it," said Vancouver Police Department Sgt. Steve Addison in a statement. "Our officers are stretched thin, but we're still doing everything we can to keep people safe."

RELATED 'Crazy hot': Seattle shatters all-time high-temperature record

E-Comm 9-1-1, the province's largest emergency communications center, said it responded to nearly 8,000 calls Saturday and more than 7,300 on Sunday -- record breaking numbers.

"This is a historic increase of approx. 55% compared to a normal weekend in June," it said in a statement.

The deaths occurred as the province and the Pacific Northwest experiences a record-breaking heat wave.

The province's official weather and climate source, Environment and Climate Change Canada Weather British Columbia, has reported three straight days or record breaking temperatures.

"Words cannot describe this historic event," it said on Twitter.

On Monday, 59 temperature records were broken in the province, 43 of which set all-time records, it said Tuesday.

The service added that Lytton has broken the all-time Canadian heat record three days in a row and the 121.1 degrees Fahrenheit it reached Tuesday is hotter than Las Vegas' all-time record high of 117 degrees Fahrenheit.

"We've never seen anything like this, and it breaks our hearts," Addison said. "If you have an elderly or vulnerable family member, please give them a call or stop by to check on them."

In Burnaby, authorities responded to more than 25 deaths where heat is believed to have been a contributing factor in the past 24 hours, the Royal Canada Mounted Police said in a statement.

In Surrey, which borders Burnaby to the south, the RCMP said it was deploying more officers "following an unprecedented number of sudden deaths over the past two days."

"Please check in on your loved ones, your neighbors, friends who may be vulnerable during this heat," the Surrey RCMP said in a tweet.

Village of Lytton, B.C., evacuated as mayor says 'the whole town is on fire'
Courtney Dickson, Bethany Lindsay CBC

© MLAZZ Creative by Matt Lazzarotto A plume of smoke from the Sparks Lake wildfire, burning northwest of Kamloops, B.C., covered an estimated 40 square kilometres as of Wednesday morning.

The mayor of Lytton, B.C., said he has ordered the entire town to be evacuated after a fast-moving wildfire swept in on Wednesday evening.

Mayor Jan Polderman said he told everyone in town to leave as the situation rapidly deteriorated.

"It's dire. The whole town is on fire," Polderman told CBC News. "It took like a whole 15 minutes from the first sign of smoke to all of a sudden there being fire everywhere."

Fire information officers with the B.C. Wildfire Service said they were unable to provide an update on the situation in the Fraser Canyon village.

This week, Lytton recorded the highest temperature ever seen in Canada on three consecutive days, topping out at 49.6 C on Tuesday.

This is a developing story. The previous version of the story is below.

Wildfire crews spent Wednesday dealing with aggressive fires across B.C.'s Interior in the aftermath of a record-breaking heat wave.

A growing number of people were being forced out of their homes and a number of highways were closed as existing fires spread and new ones were sparked in the hot and dry conditions.

The Sparks Lake wildfire, 15 kilometres northwest of Kamloops Lake, is now an estimated 40 square kilometres in size and has forced the evacuation of more than 160 homes in the area.

The B.C. Wildfire Service says 56 firefighters are on site fighting the blaze, as well as 10 helicopters and 2 pieces of heavy equipment. Fire information officer Madison Smith said helicopters struggled with the heat on Tuesday, and some were grounded as their engines overheated.

Not far away, the Mckay Creek fire burning 23 kilometres north of Lillooet has grown to 50 square kilometres in size and is classified as out of control. There are 24 firefighters on scene, along with four helicopters and five pieces of heavy equipment.

Late Wednesday, two new fires were reported north of Big White in the Okanagan, and firefighters were reporting aggressive fire growth and heavy smoke that could be seen from Kelowna, Vernon and other nearby communities.

Together, they are estimated to measure about three square kilometres.

Another fire was sparked Tuesday near Lytton, where the all-time highest recorded temperature in Canada has been registered three days in a row, and where crews have been fighting the George Road fire since last Wednesday.

Bernie Fandrich, who lives on George Road in Lytton, said the fire started within a kilometre of his home.

"There was a very, very competent crew," he told the CBC's The Early Edition. "They did a remarkable job in bringing it under control and protecting the residences around here."

Now, he said the fire has moved up the mountain to the east of his home, and the air in Lytton has been smoky for the past two days.

That blaze, the Conte Creek fire, is estimated to be about 1.5 hectares in size.

Erica Berg, a provincial fire information officer, said in northeastern B.C., nine wildfires had been reported since lightning storms swept through the region Monday and Tuesday. Berg said there have been 26 new fires in the last two days as the risk across most of the province is rated at high to extreme.
Evacuation orders, alerts


Video: Historic heat wave in B.C. breaks Canada's hottest temperature record again, setting off wildfires (The Weather Network)

Evacuation orders were issued for several properties in Electoral Area B in the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District, as the Mckay Creek wildfire threatened homes on Tuesday.

On Wednesday evening, 136 properties in the Thompson-Nicola Regional District were ordered to evacuate because of the Sparks Lake wildfire. That's in addition to another 27 properties that were placed under evacuation order on Tuesday and Wednesday morning.

Nine properties in the Thompson-Nicola Regional District were evacuated Tuesday out of concern that the Sparks Lake wildfire would threaten homes and other structures. Another 18 properties were put on evacuation order Wednesday morning.

The Sparks Lake wildfire has also prompted evacuation alerts for a total of 421 properties in the Deadman, Red Lake, Tranquille Valley, Vidette Lake, Loon Lake and Hihium Lake areas.

Marshall Potts and Jo-Anne Beharrell, who live about 1.5 kilometres from the fire, were ordered to leave the area Tuesday afternoon.

They packed up their vehicle on Monday night, knowing they'd likely have to leave at the drop of a hat.

The pair are staying with family in Pinantan Lake, about 75 kilometres away, with their two dogs.

"It was very stressful," Beharrell said. "The not knowing and wanting to get back and check on everything is really overwhelming."

They had to leave their cattle behind, but left the gates open so they could get away if the fire comes too close. They also had to leave their chickens and two cats, which they couldn't find.

They hadn't heard anything about the status of their property by Wednesday morning.

Potts, a musician, says the area is a great place to be creative.

"We live in a beautiful part of the world up there," he said. "It's devastating to actually see so much devastation to that natural beauty."
Multiple highway closures

Wednesday evening, DriveBC reported that two wildfires had closed highways to the north and south of Lytton. As of 6 p.m. PT, Highway 1 was closed between Boston Bar and Spences Bridge, while Highway 12 is closed from Lillooet to the junction with Highway 1.

Meanwhile, Highway 97 north is closed for 59 kilometres between Sikanni Chief Road and Prophet River Sub Road, in order to protect the public from two wildfires near the Pink Mountain area in northern B.C.

"The highway will remain closed there until there's no public safety concern," B.C. Wildfire Service information officer Sharon Nickel said. "We will have personnel on site to continue assessing the situation."

That fire is currently listed at 48 square kilometres in size and was sparked by lightning.

Nickel said everywhere in the Prince George fire centre is extremely dry right now, and she expects those conditions to continue.

In the Cariboo, a fire sparked Wednesday about 35 kilometres east of Horsefly has led to the closure of the McKinley Lake recreation campsite. Thirty-two-firefighters are responding along with a helicopter.

The wildfire service says the fire is highly visible from the surrounding communities but no structures are currently at risk.
Possibility of lightning in forecast

While the air has cooled off in Vancouver, high temperatures look set to continue in the Interior this week as the "heat dome" moves east, with Kamloops and Kelowna forecast to hit temperatures in the high 30s and the low 40s in the coming days.

Vancouver Island and northern B.C., where fire danger is extreme, have seen lightning strikes this morning, according to CBC meteorologist Johanna Wagstaffe.

Those strikes will migrate east today, and new fire startups are likely.

Environment Canada is predicting a chance of thunderstorms throughout the Interior on Wednesday afternoon and evening.
Backcountry still open amid wildfire risk

John Hawkings, the director of recreation sites and trails with B.C.'s Ministry of Forests, says despite the wildfire risk, the backcountry won't be closed for the Canada Day long weekend.

"Closing the forest is not as simple as putting up a fence," Hawkings said Wednesday to Chris Walker, the host of CBC's Daybreak South.

"We have thousands of recreation sites and bike parks and places that people get out to enjoy, and it's a healthy activity," he continued. "Closing the backcountry is an extreme measure."

Greta Thunberg Warns The Heat Wave Is 'Just Getting Started' As Canada Breaks Temp Records

Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg has made her opinion on Canada's record-breaking high temperatures pretty clear!

© Provided by Narcity

In a tweet on June 28 — one day after Canada broke its own all-time heat record — the 18-year-old warned that "This heat-wave is just getting started."

"Highest temperature ever recorded in the planet north of 50N latitude also shattered (44.4C from July 1941)," Thunberg wrote, responding to the news that Canada recorded sweltering temperatures of 46.6 C.

She went on to say that heat records are usually broken by decimal points "like a tenth of a degree," and particularly not in months like June.

"This heat-wave is just getting started," the activist said, before adding the hashtag "#FaceTheClimateEmergency."

On June 27, in the middle of a "heat dome" across western Canada, a village in B.C. reached a sizzling 46.6 C (116 F).


Video: Greta Thunberg Warns The Heat Wave Is 'Just Getting Started' As Canada Breaks Temp Records (Narcity)

This broke Canada's all-time heat record of 45.0 C (113 F), which was set in Saskatchewan in 1937.

Sunrise Movement calls for key climate inclusions in Biden infrastructure plan


Members of the Sunrise Movement called on President Joe Biden Monday to push for an infrastructure bill including key climate change provisions. Photo by Bonnie Cash/UPI | License Photo

June 28 (UPI) -- Members of the Sunrise Movement protested outside of the White House on Monday calling for President Joe Biden to prioritize the fight against climate change in his infrastructure bill.

Protesters from the climate change action group chanted "no climate, no deal" and "Biden, you coward, fight for us" as Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., and Jamaal Bowman, D-N.Y., joined the crowd.

The protest comes after Biden last week announced a $1.2 trillion infrastructure agreement with a group of bipartisan lawmakers that includes $579 billion in new spending but did not include an increase on gas tax or fees on electric vehicles and wouldn't require an increase on taxes from people earning less than $400,000.

One of the provisions protesters demanded was the creation of a Civilian Climate Corps, a federal entity to focus on job creation in renewable energy and other green industries.

Sunrise Movement organizer Nikayla Jefferson said Biden should negotiate with those who helped to elect him.

"We elected you -- the youth vote carried the election. If you are going to negotiate on our lives and livability of our planet, negotiate with us," Jefferson said. "So we will sit here until you commit to the side of climate justice, commit to an American Jobs Plan written with bold ambition against the climate crisis including a Civilian Climate Corps, and pass it through with reconciliation immediately -- or you will not pass a bill at all."

Ocasio-Cortez pledged that lawmakers would fight to get such a provision into the infrastructure bill.

"They want you to think, 'Oh, this is a new idea, this is too ambitious, this is too crazy.' How about this? The last time we introduced the Civilian Climate Corps in this country, we hired and mobilized a quarter-million people in three months," she said.

White House press secretary Jen Psaki on Monday said she disagreed with the notion that the bipartisan agreement "doesn't do anything for climate," stating it includes investments addressing legacy pollution, clean energy transmission and electric vehicle buses.

"Whether or not everyone is aware of all those specifics, that's incumbent on us to keep conveying that, communicating it, listening and making sure people understand that this is a down payment and the president will continue to advocate for, press for, work for,even more on climate as he will in the reconciliation bill in the process moving forward," she said.

Trees may be key to cooler temps during the summer, study says
By HealthDay News

Could trees be the key to a cool summer in the city?

Yes, claims new research that calculated just how much greenery can bring temperatures down.

"We've long known that the shade of trees and buildings can provide cooling," said study co-author Jean-Michel Guldmann. He is a professor emeritus of city and regional planning at Ohio State University, in Columbus.

"But now we can more precisely measure exactly what that effect will be in specific instances, which can help us make better design choices and greening strategies to mitigate the urban heat island effect," Guldmann said in a university news release.

RELATED Commercial forests could produce long-term climate benefit



For the study, his team created a 3D digital model of a nearly 14-square-mile area of northern Columbus to assess the effect that shade from trees and buildings had on land surface temperatures over one hour on a summer day.

The researchers found that the amount of tree canopy had a significant impact on what's known as the urban heat island effect.

For example, on a day when the temperature was 93.33 degrees Fahrenheit in one neighborhood, the temperature would have been 3.48 degrees lower -- 89.85 degrees -- if all the current trees had been fully grown.

RELATED New urban planning software may inspire more sustainable cities


And if the neighborhood had 20 more full-grown trees, the temperature would be another 1.39 degrees lower.

The researchers also found that both shaded and sun-exposed grassy areas had significant heat-reducing effects, but shaded grass provided more cooling than sun-exposed grass.

As expected, buildings increased the temperature, but shadows cast by them could significantly cool temperatures, particularly if they shaded the rooftops of adjacent buildings, the study authors said.

RELATED Most low-income blocks in U.S. cities are hotter, have fewer trees

For example, a 1% increase in the area of a building led to average surface temperature increases of between 2.6% and 3%. But an increase of 1% in the area of a shaded rooftop led to average temperature decreases of between 0.13% and 0.31%, the researchers found.

Shade on roadways and parking lots also significantly decreased temperatures, according to the study published online recently in the journal Computers, Environment and Urban Systems.

"We learned that greater heat-mitigation effects can be obtained by maximizing the shade on building rooftops and roadways," Guldmann explained.

The type of information provided by the model can be used to "formulate guidelines for community greening and tree planting efforts, and even where to locate buildings to maximize shading on other buildings and roadways," Guldmann said. "This could have significant effects on temperatures at the street and neighborhood level."More information

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has more on how trees and vegetation reduce heat islands.




Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

INFRASTRUCTURE TOO

Study: Pandemic daycare closures linked to 600K lost jobs among U.S. moms

By Amy Norton, HealthDay News

JUNE 30, 2021 / 1:05 AM



A woman helps a child with adjusting a face mask in New York City on September 2020. File Photo by John Angelillo/UPI | License Photo

When child care centers were forced to close in the pandemic's early months, hundreds of thousands of American working mothers lost their jobs, new research shows.

The study is just the latest illustration of the toll the pandemic has taken on working women in the United States.

Over the first 10 months of the U.S. pandemic, more than 2.3 million women left the labor force, according to the National Women's Law Center. That compared with just under 1.8 million men.

That was, in part, because many job losses were in industries where women make up much of the workforce. On top of that, working mothers -- more than fathers -- faced the difficulty of having kids home from school or day care.

RELATED

Poll: 72% of U.S. parents fear COVID-19 danger at schools, daycare

The new study looked specifically at the impact of pandemic child care closures.

It found that in states that had closures in spring 2020, women's job losses were particularly acute. In contrast, the employment decline among men was similar to that of men in other states.

Nationwide, the gap amounted to about 611,000 lost jobs among working mothers

.
RELATED Survey: 1 in 4 parents won't vaccinate their kids against COVID-19

"The effect was concentrated among women with young children," said lead researcher Yevgeniy Feyman of the Boston University School of Public Health.

That, he said, suggests that child care closures, themselves, fueled many of the excess job losses.

That is likely the case, agreed Rasheed Malik, who studies child care policy at the Center for American Progress, a nonpartisan policy institute in Washington, D.C.

RELATED COVID-19 anxieties still high in U.S. one year into pandemic, poll shows

"Prior to the pandemic," he said, "there was already a strong relationship between local availability of child care and women's participation in the workforce."

The pandemic only worsened the longstanding problem of child care "deserts," Malik said. Those are areas across the country -- typically low-income -- where working parents lack affordable, quality child care options.

Child care centers did reopen in closure states by June 2020, according to Feyman's team. But while many women and men did go back to work, women still lagged behind as of December 2020, the study found.

They were less likely than men to be employed, and their employment rate remained below its pre-pandemic level.

Simply allowing child care centers to reopen didn't necessarily solve families' problems.

For one, Malik said, an estimated 10% of programs closed for good. And at those that did survive, staff reductions meant fewer families could be served.

"Getting back into the system wasn't just a matter of going back to the program you'd been in," Malik said.

The findings are based on data from a monthly labor force survey. It included nearly 49,000 U.S. adults, including more than 13,000 from states where child care centers shut down by April 2020.

Employment among men and women in all states dropped sharply in April 2020, but women in states with child care closures saw the steepest drop-off. The likelihood of women being employed during the closure period was 2.6 percentage points lower, compared to men.

That translated to 611,000 job losses among 23.5 million working mothers, the researchers estimated.

To Feyman, one implication is that American workers need better paid family leave, and a "cultural shift" where not only women, but men, take it.

Malik pointed to some fundamental issues that make finding reliable child care so difficult, pandemic or not.

Unlike public education, he said, the child care system is "market-based" -- with programs concentrated in more affluent areas where families can afford the cost.

"We think of it as a market failure," Malik said. "We don't have public school deserts, but we do have them in child care."

To make quality care accessible to more families there must be some level of government subsidy as well as assistance to low-income families, he said.


That "investment in families" would be repaid in parents' increased productivity and the educational and social benefits young children gain from being in high-quality programs, Malik said.

Another problem is the field's generally low pay and high turnover.

"These are difficult jobs," he added. "The work is rewarding, but definitely not financially rewarding."

Malik said that low pay is rooted in "historical bias" that undervalues the work of women, who make up the vast majority of the child care workforce.

"It's about time we honor the decades of hard work they've given us," Malik said.

The findings were published online recently in JAMA Health Forum.More information

The nonprofit Zero to Three has resources on child care.


Copyright © 2021 HealthDay. All rights reserved.  

Report showed 'major' damage before Florida condo collapse

ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. (AP) — The ground-floor pool deck of the oceanfront condominium building that collapsed near Miami was resting on a concrete slab that had “major structural damage” and needed to be extensively repaired, according to a 2018 engineering report that also uncovered “abundant cracking and spalling” of concrete columns, beams and walls in the parking garage.

Provided by The Canadian Press

The report was among a series of documents released by the city of Surfside as rescuers continued to dig Saturday through rubble in an effort to find any of the 156 people who remain unaccounted for after the collapse. At least five people were killed.

While the engineering report from the firm of Morabito Consultants did not warn of imminent danger from the damage — and it is unclear if any of the damage observed was responsible for the collapse — it did note the need for extensive and costly repairs to fix the systemic issues with Champlain Towers South.

The report said the waterproofing under the pool deck had failed and had been improperly laid flat instead of sloped, preventing water from draining off.

“The failed waterproofing is causing major structural damage to the concrete structural slab below these areas. Failure to replaced the waterproofing in the near future will cause the extent of the concrete deterioration to expand exponentially,” the report said.

The firm recommended that the damaged slabs be replaced in what would be a major repair.

Some of the damage to the concrete in the parking garage was minor, while other columns had exposed and deteriorating rebar. It also noted that many of the building’s previous attempts to fix the columns and other damage with epoxy were marred by poor workmanship and were failing.

Beneath the pool deck “where the slab had been epoxy-injected, new cracks were radiating from the originally repaired cracks,” the report said.

These were all problems that should have been dealt with quickly, said Gregg Schlesinger, an attorney specializing in construction defects and a former construction project engineer.

“The building speaks to us. It is telling us we have a serious problem,” Schlesinger said in a telephone interview Saturday about the new documents. “They (building managers) kicked the can down the road. The maintenance was improper. These were all red flags that needed to be addressed. They weren’t.”

In a statement Saturday, Morabito Consultants confirmed its report “detailed significant cracks and breaks in the concrete, which required repairs to ensure the safety of the residents and the public.”

The firm said it was hired again in June 2020 by Champlain Towers South to begin the 40-year recertification process that would detail what work needed to be done.

“At the time of the building collapse, roof repairs were under way, but concrete restoration had not yet begun,” the statement said.

Abi Aghayere, a Drexel University engineering researcher, said the extent of the damage shown in the engineering report was notable. In addition to possible problems under the pool, he said several areas above the entrance drive showing signs of deterioration were worrisome and should have been repaired immediately.

“Were the supporting members deteriorated to the extent that a critical structural element or their connections failed leading to progressive collapse?” he wrote in an email to the AP after reviewing the report. “Were there other areas in the structure that were badly deteriorated and unnoticed?”

The building was in the midst of its 40-year recertification process, which requires detailed structural and electrical inspections. In an interview Friday, Surfside Mayor Charles Burkett said he wasn’t sure if the inspection had been completed, but he said it may contain vital clues.

“It should have been a very straightforward thing,” Burkett said. “Buildings in America do not just fall down like this. There is a reason. We need to find out what that reason is.”

The 12-story tower’s collapse Thursday morning has also raised questions over whether other similar buildings are in danger.

“This is a wake-up call for folks on the beach,” Schlesinger said. “The scary portion is the other buildings. You think this is unique? No.”

Details of the building's 40-year recertification inspection will be made public once they are completed, Surfside Town Clerk Sandra McCready said in an email.

Miami-Dade Mayor Daniella Levine Cava said at a news conference Friday that she has seen no evidence of a sinkhole — much more common in other parts of Florida — or of something criminal, such as a bomb.

“I can tell you that at this time, they haven’t found any evidence of foul play,” she said.

Beyond that, much focus is on ocean water, which is rising in South Florida and elsewhere because of climate change. Last year, Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis signed into law a measure that would require developers to complete sea-level rise studies before beginning publicly funded projects.

One theory is that the saltwater ubiquitous in the area, which is subject to flooding during so-called King Tide events, intruded into concrete supports, corroding the steel-reinforcing rebar inside and weakening the concrete.

Meanwhile, the land on which Champlain Towers sat has been gradually sinking, according to a study published last year by an environmental professor at Florida International University.

But the professor, Shimon Wdowinski, cautioned against blaming the collapse on the caving ground.

“In most cases, these buildings just move,” he said in a video interview released by the university. “There’s no catastrophic collapse like in the case in Surfside, which was very unfortunate.”

Surfside officials say roof work was ongoing at the now-collapsed tower but have downplayed the possibility that work was a cause. Barry Cohen, a lawyer who escaped the crippled building with his wife, said the roof work could be part of a “perfect storm” of causes that combined to bring down the structure.

“They were doing a new roof. And I think, all day long, the building was pounding and pounding and pounding. They’ve been doing it for over a month,” Cohen said.

Another issue is whether nearby construction might have caused vibrations that weakened Champlain Towers. Cohen said he raised concerns previously that the work was possibly causing cracked pavers on the pool deck.

The collapse is already drawing lawsuits, including one filed hours after the collapse by attorney Brad Sohn against the condo’s homeowners association seeking damages for negligence and other reasons for all of the tower’s residents.

The association, the lawsuit contends, “could have prevented the collapse of Champlain Towers South through the exercise of ordinary care, safety measures and oversight.”

An attorney for the association, Ken Direktor, did not respond Friday to an email requesting comment.

_____

Condon reported from New York. Associated Press writers Freida Frisaro in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and Bobby Caina Calvan in Tallahassee, Florida, contributed to this story.

Curt Anderson And Bernard Condon, The Associated Press

SEE

https://plawiuk.blogspot.com/2021/06/third-world-usa-construction-corruption.html

https://plawiuk.blogspot.com/2021/06/experts-get-1st-clues-on-what-may-have.html

https://plawiuk.blogspot.com/2021/06/engineer-reportedly-warned-in-2018-of.html

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The Sun · 3d

NORTH AMERICA
Classrooms grapple with racial slurs in classic American novels

Issued on: 27/06/2021 - 

The dismissal of a white New York professor for reading aloud the "N-word" from a Mark Twain novel has renewed debate about how books from some of the United States' most famous authors should be taught in an age of reckoning with racial injustice

Jason Redmond AFP/File

New York (AFP)

The recent dismissal of a white New York professor for reading aloud the "N-word" from a Mark Twain novel has shone a spotlight on the use of racial slurs in American classrooms.

It has renewed a long-standing debate about how books from some of the United States' most famous authors should be taught during an age of reckoning with racial injustice.

After years of hearing the term read from the texts of writers such as Twain and William Faulkner, students are increasingly taking a stand.

"There was no reason that I should have to go to my class and hear that slur," said Dylan Gilbert recalling the time in 2019 when her white English teacher at the University of Michigan uttered the term while reciting a passage from Faulkner.

Gilbert, who is Black, walked out of class.

"It felt like a reminder that even though I had gotten into Michigan I would still not be afforded the same opportunity for a safe learning environment as my white peers," she told AFP.

The issue came into sharp focus again last month when Hannah Berliner Fischthal, who is white, departed St. John's University in Queens, NYC.

She apologized after upsetting several students by pronouncing the racial slur out loud while reading an extract from Twain's 1894 book "Pudd'nhead Wilson" -- having first explained the context for the word in Twain's text and saying she hoped it would not cause offense.#photo1

The incident came after another professor, also white, this time at Duquesne University in Pennsylvania, was dismissed for using the slur during a course.

"The word has such a history and such a psychological emotional impact that just hearing the word, for some people, can be disruptive," said Arizona State University English professor Neal Lester, who is Black.

Derived from a Latin word, it became widely used in 18th Century America, partly to dehumanize African Americans and cast them as an inferior race.

Lester says he never says the word in his classroom.

Vershawn Young, a Black communications professor, takes a different view.

When, in June 2020, his employer, the University of Waterloo, announced that the word was banned on campus, Young refused to adhere to the new rule.

"When reading from a text, I say the word," he told AFP. "When students quote the text, they too are free to speak what they read. However, they also may replace the word with its euphemism. What they can't do is ignore it."

Young says he always prepares his students that it is coming so they aren't shocked.

"Outside of quotes, I do not use the word because I recognize my authority in relation to the multiple sensitivities that my students embody," he added.

- Censorship -

In an article in The Conversation last year, Young wrote that the ban on his campus censored Black professors like himself.

"I belong to multiple Black communities, where we use the N-word in six or seven culturally rich ways," he wrote, adding that banning it "serves the purposes of white supremacy."

In recent decades it has been culturally acceptable for Black people to use the word. It is regularly heard in discussions, movies or music, hip-hop songs being the most obvious example.

"Hearing a non-black person say the N-word is always offensive and harmful to me," said Gilbert, the student who objected to her white teacher using it.

"(But) I have no problem with Black people saying (it). In my personal opinion the word is never violent or threatening to me when it comes out of Black person's mouth," she added.

Wendy Kaminer, a lawyer and writer who used to be an American Civil Liberties Union board member, said "the distinction between quoting a racial slur and using a racial slur has been completely erased."

"I think that's quite problematic," she told AFP.

Kaminer says the disappearance of the word from university campuses is part of a wider trend that started in the 1990s of banning other terms, including relating to sexuality and minorities.

She thinks the United States, where freedom of speech is enshrined in the constitution, is moving towards a more western European approach to the regulation of what people can and can't say.

For Lester, the Arizona State University professor, the answer is to talk about the word and its complex history without uttering it.

"I've had many conversations in class around the word without actually saying it," she said.

"That in and of itself is not a huge intellectual gymnastics routine."