FORDISM IS GLOBALIZATION

Firm making car that Putin gifted to Kim uses South Korean parts, data shows

REUTERS

June 28, 2024 

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Russia's President Vladir Putin and North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un leave an Aurus car after a ride in Pyongyang, North Korea June 19, 2024. (Pool via REUTERS)

TBILISI--Laughing and joking, Russian President Vladimir Putin and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un cruised around Pyongyang last week in a Russian-made Aurus limousine to showcase their strengthened anti-Western alliance.

The luxury sedan was intended to epitomize Russia’s domestic prowess and reduced dependence on imported technology and goods when unveiled in 2018.

But customs records show that the company that builds it uses millions of dollars in imported parts, many arriving in Russia from what Kim has described as his country’s “primary foe”, South Korea.

The imports point to Russia’s ongoing reliance on Western technology as it seeks to navigate Western attempts to cut it off from global supply chains as punishment for its invasion of Ukraine.

The two leaders took turns driving the armored limousine during Putin’s pomp-filled visit, his first in nearly a quarter of a century to North Korea, in a demonstration of the two nuclear powers’ increasingly close ties.

Russia imported equipment and components worth at least $34 million between 2018 and 2023 for assembling Aurus cars and motorcycles, customs records seen by Reuters showed. Reuters does not have access to more recent data.

The imports included car body parts, sensors, programmable controllers, switches, welding equipment and other components worth almost $15.5 million imported from South Korea. Parts were also imported from China, India, Turkey, Italy and other EU countries.

Foreign supplies for Aurus kept coming after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, with goods worth almost $16 million, including $5 million produced in South Korea, imported since February 2022, the records showed.

Reuters could not determine specifically which imported foreign parts ended up in the car gifted to Kim, and the imports were not in breach of sanctions - Aurus LLC was sanctioned by the United States in February, 2024.

The Aurus sedan was developed by Russian state-owned research institute NAMI in partnership with Russian carmaker Sollers, which has since sold its stake.

Aurus Motors and its CEO Andrey Pankov did not respond to Reuters’ requests for comment on the use of foreign parts, including from South Korea, in its vehicles.

GROWING PRODUCTION

The company launched official production in Russia’s Tatarstan region, around 1,000 km (620 miles) from Moscow, in 2021 - before then it was made on a small, experimental scale at NAMI. It will start additional production in St Petersburg later this year at Toyota’s former factory.

Toyota is one of many foreign carmakers to exit the Russian market since the invasion, which Russia calls a “special military operation.”

The exodus has left a gap that Chinese producers have been quick to fill, rapidly seizing more than half the market share and exposing Russia’s limited domestic production capacity.

South Korean firms were among the largest suppliers to Aurus, including industrial equipment producer Kyungki Industrial Co, car body parts manufacturer BYT CO LTD and batteries supplier Enertech International Inc.

Italian plastic parts producer Industrie Ilpea Spa and Hong Kong company Rain Electronics also supplied goods.

An official at Kyungki Industrial Co confirmed that the company has supplied parts to Aurus LLC and continues to do so. The company is not concerned about any potential sanctions, the official said, declining to give further details.

Rain Electronics could not be reached for comment. When a Reuters correspondent visited the address listed on the internet as the company’s office in Hong Kong, there was no trace of Rain Electronics on the floor listed online or in the office building.

BYT CO LTD, Enertech International and Industrie Ilpea Spa did not respond to Reuters’ requests for comment.

The Aurus Senat, retro-styled after the Soviet-era ZIL limousine, is Russia’s official presidential car and was used by Putin at his presidential inaugurations in 2018 and 2024.

Putin has now given Kim, believed to be a keen automobile fan, two Aurus cars, first during Kim’s visit to Russia in February, and a slightly different model in North Korea in June.

Prices for Aurus cars - there are four models including an SUV and armored version - start from 46.625 million roubles ($528,356). Customers include Turkmenistan President Serdar Berdymukhamedov.

Aurus sold 107 cars in Russia in 2023, according to data from Russian analytical agency Autostat. Aurus does not disclose production numbers.

Exposure to extreme weather events increases public support for climate migrants

Sabrina B. Arias
Christopher W. Blair
June 28th, 2024

Climate change is leading to more extreme weather events and with them, increasing numbers of climate migrants. In new research, Sabrina B. Arias and Christopher W. Blair examine the link between public support for climate migration policies and exposure to climate related natural disasters. Using surveys in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas fielded during 2022’s Hurricane Ian, they find that those who experienced the hurricane were more likely to rate climate migration as an important issue and have greater support for climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. They also find that these effects suffer from recency bias – six months after the hurricane, these effects on attitudes had decayed.

As climate change makes extreme weather events more common, the number of climate migrants around the world is growing dramatically. Developing policy frameworks to resettle climate migrants is therefore vitally important – but we know little about how to mobilize public support for such measures. In new research, we find that experiencing a climate disaster – in this case a hurricane – increases short-term public support for developing climate migration policy, which suggests that policymaking windows will exist from time to time to advance this type of legislation.
Climate migrants, displacement, and public attitudes

Climate migrants are defined as individuals who leave their homes because of adverse changes in the environment that negatively affect their lives, including short-term climactic impacts – such as hurricanes – or slower-onset changes – like droughts. In the US alone, more than five million people have been displaced due to climate disasters since 2017. Globally, 12,000 people are displaced by climate disasters daily, and an estimated 1.5 billion people may be displaced from Global South countries by 2070.

Given the scale of climate migration, understanding how the public might respond to resettling climate migrants and adopting policy measures to respond to the challenge is an important question to understand. What more can we do to increase public support for climate migration policies? Attitudes toward climate migrants are quite different from other types of migrant groups – including economic migrants, who leave their homes seeking better prospects and opportunities, and refugees, who flee their communities because of the fear of persecution. It makes sense, then, to focus specifically on attitudes towards climate migrants rather than making assumptions based on existing evidence about attitudes towards economic migrants or refugees.

One likely channel is through direct exposure to the effects of climate change – in other words, through personal experiences with natural disasters. Experiencing a climate disaster transforms the abstract threat of climate change into a visible and immediate crisis. These experiences also encourage empathetic perspective-taking which mean that the individual can better relate to the experiences of migrants. For these reasons, we would expect that those who experience a climate disaster are more likely to support resettling climate migrants, adopting policy measures – such as tax increases – to help address these challenges, favoring broader climate change mitigation and adaptation policies, and increasing belief in the science of climate change. This kind of reaction would make sense in light of theories of “rational retrospection,” in which the public responds to external events in rational and predictable ways, updating their attitudes about policymakers, policies, and other relevant actors.

To understand this relationship, we directly examined the effects of exposure to natural disasters on climate migration attitudes. We fielded a weekly survey in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas between August 11 and October 28, 2022. During this time, Hurricane Ian – the deadliest storm in Florida since 1935, the deadliest US hurricane since Katrina in 2005, and the costliest disaster of 2022 – made landfall. By pairing our survey results with geotargeted climate data, we can estimate the causal effect of hurricane exposure on public attitudes. These affected respondents make up an important group to study in terms of the American electorate: the ten most affected counties (Figure 1) in our sample are home to 3.3 million swing voters in two electorally important states.

Figure 1 – Florida, Louisiana, and Texas counties affected by Hurricane Ian, 2022


Note: The dashed red line marks Hurricane Ian’s eyepath.
Personal experience influences empathy towards climate migrants

We find that individuals exposed to the effects of Hurricane Ian have greater support for climate migration policies, and that this exposure increases respondents’ likelihood of rating climate migration as an important issue. We find similar patterns in support for climate change adaptation and mitigation as well as belief in the science of climate change. These effects hold across important demographic differences including partisanship, gender, education, and age, contrasting other recent work that finds disasters only encouraging pro-climate behavior among Democrats. The pro-climate effects of Hurricane Ian were greatest for low-income respondents, who are at the greatest risk from climate change and hence face the greatest challenges, but who are also least able to afford to migrate and tend to face the greatest backlash from those who already live where they are displaced to.

In a follow-up study six months after the Hurricane Ian, however, we find that these effects had decayed, reflecting a “recency bias” in the information that the public views as important in formulating opinions. Thus, the policy window in which public support for climate migrants and climate policies is heightened is relatively brief.


“220930 Hurricane Ian-38” by U.S. Customs and Border Protection is United States government work
Hurricane exposure affects political behavior, too

We also find that the effects of hurricane exposure mattered for political behavior, not just attitudes: affected individuals were more likely to vote in favor of a pro-climate ballot measure in Florida in an election on November 8, 2022, about five weeks after the Hurricane and one week after the end of our survey. Importantly, we can compare these results to a non-climate-related ballot measure, on which there was no statistical difference in voting between hurricane-affected and non-affected individuals.

Our findings suggest that there are policymaking pathways to develop disaster response and preparedness plans to mitigate the challenges of climate displacement, however, the opportune windows for advancing such initiatives are likely to be the periods immediately after major disasters. Advocates and policymakers will be able to attract support from across the aisle, but importantly should take inequalities into account by taking steps to protect those affected who are on low incomes. More work is needed to explore how these patterns would generalize to other contexts outside the American Southeast and to other types of disasters, as well as other types of policy outcomes such as the provision of post-disaster aid.

As the frequency and intensity of hurricanes and other types of climate disasters continue to rise, extending our understanding of these dynamics will be essential for fostering resilient and adaptive communities in the face of climate change.This article is based on the paper, ‘In the Eye of the Storm: Hurricanes, Climate Migration, and Climate Attitudes’, in American Political Science Review.

 

Note: This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of USAPP – American Politics and Policy, nor the London School of Economics.

 
Shortened URL for this post: https://wp.me/p3I2YF-e2e


About the author

Sabrina B. Arias
Sabrina B. Arias is an Assistant Professor of International Relations at Lehigh University. She researches international cooperation, diplomacy, and climate politics. She received her PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in 2023.

Christopher W. Blair
Christopher W. Blair is an Assistant Professor of Politics at Princeton University. He researches the political economy of conflict, migration, and climate change. He received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in 2023.

F FOR FAIL

Pentagon and USAID watchdogs launch reviews of US pier and humanitarian aid flow into Gaza

The temporary U.S. military pier has faced operational challenges

ByLuis Martinez
June 28, 2024, 4:11 AM

First close-up look at the $230 million US-built pier in Gaza
ABC News goes on board the $230 million U.S.-built pier on the coast of Gaza delivering much-needed...Show More

Inspectors General at the Pentagon and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) have launched reviews of the mission to deliver humanitarian aid into Gaza via the U.S. military's temporary pier system, which has faced operational challenges since it opened in mid-May.

"The Inspectors General from the Department of Defense (DOD) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) have launched coordinated, independent oversight projects related to their agencies' respective roles in the ongoing delivery and distribution of U.S. humanitarian assistance to Gaza through the maritime corridor," read a statement issued jointly by the offices of both Inspectors General.

"The [DOD] and USAID Offices of Inspector General (OIG) oversight initiatives are part of a collaborative effort to review key aspects of DoD's and USAID's shared humanitarian mission in providing U.S. assistance to Gaza.," the statement continued.


A truck carries humanitarian aid across Trident Pier, a temporary pier to deliver aid, off the Gaza Strip...Show more
Amir Cohen/Reuters

MORE: US military delivers supplies to Gaza via pier, but there's no one to distribute them

Mollie Halpern, a spokesperson for the Department of Defense's Inspector General, told ABC News that the independent watchdog at the Pentagon made the move due to "significant public interest in this topic."

"We have agreed to do it independently but collaborative based on our oversight since a DOD program is involved in a shared mission with USAID in delivering and transporting the humanitarian aid into Gaza," she added.

A USAID Inspector General spokesperson confirmed to ABC News that their review was also self-initiated by their office.


A truck carries humanitarian aid across Trident Pier, a temporary pier to deliver aid, off the Gaza Strip...Show more
Amir Cohen/Reuters

MORE: US military pier to deliver humanitarian aid repaired, reconnected to Gaza beach

The Pentagon's inspector general will review how the Joint Logistics Over the Shore System (JLOTS) has been used to support the humanitarian aid effort and "also examine the impact that the availability and unavailability of the JLOTS capability has on offloading from ships to move aid to shore," Halpern told ABC News.

"This particular review will not focus on the JLOT capabilities construction, its capabilities as it relates to weather, or training," she added.


Trucks carry humanitarian aid at Trident Pier, a temporary pier to deliver aid, off the Gaza Strip, amid t...Show more
Amir Cohen/Reuters

The USAID Inspector General "will assess USAID's plans and controls over the distribution of humanitarian assistance through the maritime corridor, including aid that has reached the beach in Gaza. In particular, USAID OIG will assess the handover of aid from the DOD-controlled maritime pier to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), USAID's lead implementing partner for distribution of aid in Gaza," according to the statement issued jointly by both watchdogs.

The JLOTS pier has experienced operational challenges as the rough waters of the Mediterranean Sea have forced it to cease operations twice, the first time after a storm broke off sections of the pier and the second time after the pier was moved ahead of a forecast of rough waters.

As of Thursday, the pier has been operational 21 of the 42 days since it was first anchored to the beach in Gaza, according to information provided to ABC News by U.S. Army Central Command. The Pentagon estimates that the pier's operations will cost $230 million through its authorized end date of July 31, though U.S. officials now say it could be extended beyond that date.

As many as 6,200 metric tons (equal to 13.6 million pounds) of aid has been delivered to a staging area on the beach where it was to be loaded onto WFP trucks for distribution into Gaza, but the United Nations agency has not picked up any aid from there since June 9 when it suspended the delivery of humanitarian aid into Gaza from the pier and other points of entry into Gaza.

That followed the Israeli military's rescue operation of four Israeli hostages held by Hamas, which included the use of the beach next to the JLOTS temporary pier so that Israeli helicopters could ferry the hostages back to Israel. The U.S. military stressed that it was not involved in the raid and that the pier was strictly being used for a humanitarian mission.

The pier's limited operations have also drawn criticism from Republican critics on Capitol Hill.

On Wednesday, Rep. Mike Rogers, the House Armed Services Committee chairman, called on the Biden administration to halt the pier's operations, calling it "a gross waste of taxpayer dollars."


"I urge the administration to immediately cease this failed operation before further catastrophe occurs and consider alternative means of land and air-based humanitarian aid delivery," Rogers wrote in a letter to National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin.

French court rules Maurice Ravel is sole author of classical music masterpiece 'Bolero'

A French court on Friday ruled that composer Maurice Ravel wrote his famous "Bolero" piece by himself. The heirs of stage designer Alexandre Benois, who worked on the original performance of the piece, argued that celebrated Russian set-dresser should have been credited as a co-author.


Issued on: 28/06/2024 

Maurice Ravel's 'Bolero' is one of the most performed pieces of classical music in modern history. © Frank Perry, AFP

By:FRANCE 24

Ravel first performed "Bolero" at the Paris Opera in 1928 and it was an immediate sensation.

He died 10 years later and his heirs earned millions of dollars until the copyright ran out in 2016 and the piece passed into public domain.

In France, copyright runs for 70 years after a composer's death, though some extra years were added to make up for losses during World War II.

However, the heirs of Alexandre Benois, a celebrated stage designer who worked on the original performance of "Bolero", argued that he should have been credited as a co-author and demanded a share of the proceeds

And because Benois died in 1960, that would put "Bolero" back under copyright until 2039.

"The music of the Bolero was created especially for the ballet" and should not be considered as a stand-alone piece of orchestra music, a lawyer for the Benois estate told a French court in February.

Ravel's estate supported the claim that it was a "collaborative work" with the Russian set-dresser, not least because they would start receiving copyright payments again.

The claimants pointed to various documents that name Benois as a co-author of the music.

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A court in Nanterre outside Paris on Friday rejected claims that "Bolero" was a "collaborative work" with Benois and ruled that the work "consequently remains in the public domain", the court said in a statement.

On the other side, France's Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers (Sacem), maintained the claim was based on a "historical fiction".

Sacem pointed to an official declaration signed by Ravel in 1929 identifying him as the sole author.

Sacem's lawyer said the rights once generated "millions and millions of euros" per year, though this had fallen to an average of 135,507 euros annually between 2011 and 2016.

(FRANCE 24 with AFP)

 

Russian Scientists Conduct Autopsy On 44,000-Year-Old Permafrost Wolf Carcass

In Russia’s far northeastern Yakutia region, local scientists are performing an autopsy on a wolf frozen in permafrost for around 44,000 years, a find they said was the first of its kind.

Found by chance by locals in Yakutia’s Abyyskiy district in 2021, the wolf’s body is only now being properly examined by scientists.

“This is the world’s first discovery of a late Pleistocene predator,” said Albert Protopopov, head of the department for the study of mammoth fauna at the Yakutia Academy of Sciences.

“Its age is about 44,000 years, and there have never been such finds before,” he said.

Sandwiched between the Arctic Ocean and in Russia’s Arctic far east, Yakutia is a vast region of swamps and forests around the size of Texas, around 95% of which is covered in permafrost.

Winter temperatures in the region have been known to drop to as low as minus 64 degrees Celsius (-83.2°F)

“Usually, it’s the herbivorous animals that die, get stuck in swamps, freeze and reach us as a whole. This is the first time when a large carnivore has been found,” said Protopopov.

While it’s not unusual to find millenia-old animal carcasses buried deep in permafrost, which is slowly melting due to climate change, the wolf is special, Protopopov said.

“It was a very active predator, one of the larger ones. Slightly smaller than cave lions and bears, but a very active, mobile predator, and it was also a scavenger,” he added.

For Artyom Nedoluzhko, development director of the paleogenetics laboratory at the European University of St Petersburg, the wolf’s remains offer a rare insight into the Yakutia of 44,000 years ago.

“The main goal is to understand what this wolf fed on, who it was, and how it relates to those ancient wolves that inhabited the northeastern part of Eurasia,” he said.

(Reuters)

TESLA TERRORS

Tesla autopilot appears to veer electric vehicle onto train track it mistook for road

Local police urged drivers to remain ‘vigilant while using Tesla's autopilot feature,’ noting that it ‘can fail’

James Liddell
THE INDEPENDENT UK 

Woodland Police Department shared the image of the Tesla on the train tracks on Wednesday (Woodland Police Department)

The latest headlines from our reporters across the US sent straight to your inbox each weekday

A California Tesla driver found themselves in the middle of an active train track after the EV’s autopilot mode allegedly mistook it for a road, leading to police issuing a “serious” safety alert.

Local police noted the apparent mishap occurred in Woodland, just northwest of Sacramento. Authorities shared a picture of the Tesla positioned in the middle of the tracks on Facebook – which would be directly in the path of an oncoming train.


The photo has received hundreds of likes, comments and shares from concerned Californians.

“This morning, there was an incident where Autopilot mistook train tracks for a road, posing a serious danger,” Woodland Police Department said in a statement on Wednesday.

The identity of the driver remains undisclosed and it’s not clear whether the vehicle was damaged after driving on the railway line. No injuries were reported at the scene.

A traffic investigation is pending, with police yet to verify the accuracy of statements provided from the driver.

Authorities reminded drivers to stay “vigilant while using Tesla’s Autopilot feature,” adding that it “can fail” it said in the statement.

Tesla contests that its autopilot function in its new vehicles “enhances safety and convenience behind the wheel,” as per the company’s website.

Its autopilot functionality includes ‘traffic-aware cruise control’, which matches your cruising speed to that of the surrounding traffic, and ‘autosteer’ that assists in steering within a clearly marked lane, according to the site.

It marks the second incident in two months involving a Tesla’s near miss-with a train while utilising its driver assistance system.

Craig Doty II narrowly avoided crashing his EV into a freight train after placing it in full self-driving mode in Ohio on May 8. A harrowing video shows the Tesla hurtling down a foggy road towards the railway line.

A self-driving Tesla in Camden, Ohio, narrowly avoided colliding with a train, after the vehicle did not register it (Craig Doty/ NBC News)

The vehicle fails to slow down and swerves at the last minute, missing the oncoming train and smashing into a safety barrier.

Doty noted that he may have become complacent with the technology.

“You do get complacent that [the technology] knows what it’s doing. And usually it’s more cautious than I would be as a driver,” he told NBC.

The Independent has contacted both Tesla and Woodland Police Department concerning Wednesday’s incident.

'Lucky to be alive': Tesla charger sets home of NFL player Randall Cobb ablaze as his wife, 3 children, and dog escape

ANDREW CHAPADOS
JUNE 28, 2024

The wide receiver said he didn't know how much 'if anything' would be salvageable.

Pro Bowl wide receiver Randall Cobb posted images of his home online showing the aftermath of a fire caused by a Tesla charger in his garage that caught on fire.

The blaze happened at the 33-year-old's Nashville, Tennessee, home where he lives with his wife and three children. Wife, Aiyda Cobb, was the first to make comments about the incident online: "We are lucky to be alive. The telsa charger caught on fire in the garage late last night and quickly spread," she reportedly said in an Instagram story.

"We got out of the house with nothing but the clothes on our back and no shoes on our feet," a screenshot of her post showed.

'I can't get the image of the brave firefighter getting into position out of my head.'

Cobb himself posted a message the next day thanking firefighters and the community for their actions.

"Thank you for all the love and positive messages," Cobb said in a joint Instagram post with his wife. "First and foremost, we are all safe and healthy. We got out of the house and I was able to get back in and get our dog, Louie. We can't thank Chief Caruthers, Captain Irvin and the Nashville Fire Department enough for their swift action."


Cobb seemed particularly affected by the thought of the firefighters risking their lives to save his possessions.

"I can't get the image of the brave firefighter getting into position out of my head; he didn't even have water to shoot yet. I truly thought the cars were going to explode and that we would lose him in this tragedy. He is a true hero," Cobb continued.

"Unfortunately we don't know how much, if anything, will be salvageable, but this has been a reminder that nothing is more important than the health of our family."

The athlete finished by thanking the community of Nashville and the support his family has received from close friends who have provided a "temporary roof" over the family's heads.

After that, Cobb showed a video of the ash-covered interior of his garage, which included the Tesla. The walls were black from smoke and fire damage. Another video showed a damaged Mercedes SUV as the football player continued to examine the wreckage with a fire official.

The Nashville Fire Department confirmed to CNN that the fire was caused by an electric vehicle in the garage. The department clarified that the fire was contained to the garage, but "heavy smoke damage" happened in different parts of the home.

"There were no injuries reported to civilians or [fire] personnel," the department reportedly said. "The investigation is ongoing and some details are unavailable, as part of the investigation."

The news comes after a recent three-year study revealed that almost half of EV owners in the United States said they are very likely to switch back to gas-powered cars. At 49%, only Australians had a stronger response in terms of switching back to gasoline, with American consumers saying the same at a rate of 46%.

Cobb is currently a free agent in the NFL after spending the 2023-24 season with the New York Jets. He's been in the NFL since 2011.

 Aer Lingus pilots will not escalate strike as both sides agree to Monday meeting

Pilots at Aer Lingus are staging strike action (Artur Widak/PA)

By Gráinne Ní Aodha and Cate McCurry, PA

Today at 04:10

Aer Lingus pilots have decided not to escalate their industrial action as both sides have agreed to attend the Labour Court on Monday.

A further 122 flights have been cancelled next week as the bitter industrial dispute rumbles on, causing disruption to thousands of passengers.

The pilots union was in the middle of discussing whether to escalate their industrial action when the invite to a meeting at the Labour Court was issued.

The airline’s management accepted the invitation, as has Forsa, a parent union of the pilots group Ialpa.

Ialpa president Captain Mark Tighe said the executive meeting had formally accepted the invite to the Labour Court at 2.30pm on Monday.

He said he was not aware if the meeting would be in the same room as Aer Lingus management.

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Hundreds of pilots are expected to attend the strike at Aer Lingus’ management offices on Saturday, which starts at 5am.

The strike and an indefinite work-to-rule action has resulted in more than 270 flights being cancelled, affecting thousands of passengers.

The additional cancellations bring the total to almost 400.

Aer Lingus said those services, from Wednesday July 3 and Sunday July 7 inclusive, were being made to “protect as many services as possible”.

“These cancellations will be implemented today, and details will be communicated to impacted customers. Details of the services impacted are set out on the Travel Advisory page of aerlingus.com,” it said.

“These customers will be given the option to change their flights for free, to claim a refund or voucher.

“Aer Lingus fully understands the anxiety being experienced by customers given the uncertainty caused by Ialpa’s industrial action and is giving impacted customers as many options as possible.”

Representatives from Aer Lingus and Ialpa had met for negotiations aimed at resolving the bitter dispute on Thursday but after five hours of intensive talks both sides emerged saying they had not reached an agreement.

Ialpa said that chances of an additional strike were high after talks broke down.

The work-to-rule began on Wednesday, with pilots refusing to work overtime, accept changes to set rosters or take on out-of-hours management requests.

Mr Tighe said he had told the company on Thursday that they were willing to discuss figures below their request of 24%.

“The reply to that from the company was that they were not willing to move from their position, that anything over and above 12.25% would be funded through productivity,” he said.

Asked about his mandate to discuss productivity, Mr Tighe said: “The company has said we don’t have a mandate to discuss productivity and we should go get one. The correct statement is, our mandate is not to discuss productivity. Our membership is clear.”

Asked if there will need to be further weeks of flight cancellations before there is a resolution, Mr Tighe said that the union is exercising their workers’ rights and the company is “digging in”.

Minister for Enterprise Peter Burke said: “I would appeal, in the most strongest terms, to both sides of this dispute to get around the table, work out their differences because every single industrial relations dispute is resolved.

“And it is resolved through compromise.”

Aer Lingus has said it is willing to offer pay increases of 12.25% or above if “improvements in productivity and flexibility” are discussed.

Chief corporate affairs officer Donal Moriarty said on Thursday that the airline “engaged constructively” in discussions with Ialpa and Forsa.