It’s possible that I shall make an ass of myself. But in that case one can always get out of it with a little dialectic. I have, of course, so worded my proposition as to be right either way (K.Marx, Letter to F.Engels on the Indian Mutiny)
Wednesday, November 06, 2024
Sarah McBride to be first transgender person in U.S. Congress
Delaware state senator Sarah McBride won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives on Tuesday, making her the first openly transgender politician elected to Congress.
The Democrat was the comfortable winner against Republican John Whalen III, US news networks projected, as she built up an unassailable lead with around two-thirds of ballots counted.
"Delaware has sent the message loud and clear that we must be a country that protects reproductive freedom... and that this is a democracy that is big enough for all of us," she said in a statement posted to social media.
McBride told CBS in a recent interview her other priorities would be "affordable child care, paid family and medical leave, housing, health care."
Transgender rights have become a hot-button issue in the U.S. election -- with the participation of trans people in competitive sports and the issue of access to gender-affirming care for minors triggering fiery debate.
Democrats broadly support transgender rights but many Republicans denounce what they see as political correctness that ignores the erosion of biological women's rights to their own spaces, from bathrooms and prisons to sports contests.
The fight has dominated TV advertising in the White House race between Vice President Kamala Harris and Donald Trump, with the Republican former president accusing Democrats last year of "left-wing gender insanity" with respect to transgender youth.
The LGBTQ+ Victory Fund congratulated McBride for "making history" in American politics.
"Sarah's voice is vital, and she will continue to be a tireless advocate for her constituents and community," the group said.
The fund has identified at least 62 transgender candidates running this year across the country -- nearly double the 34 who ran in 2020.
They include former Spanish teacher Mel Manuel, who identifies as transgender and nonbinary and was running for a seat in Louisiana, one of the most traditionally conservative in the country.
But they were trailing Republican heavyweight Steve Scalise by almost 50 percentage points in the early stages of the count.
Rep. Andy Kim (D-03) is poised to become the first Korean American senator in U.S. history after the Associated Press projected he defeated his Republican opponent, hotelier Curtis Bashaw, in Tuesday’s general election.
Kim, the Boston-born and Burlington County-raised son of Korean immigrants, soared to victory after a roller-coaster campaign in which he capitalized on voters’ long-simmering resentments over New Jersey’s notoriously nepotistic politics and powerful party bosses.
He was the first Democrat to announce a bid for the seat in September 2023, just a day after its longtime Democratic incumbent, former Sen. Bob Menendez, got federally indicted in a global bribery scheme. But he soon found himself with a formidable foe — Tammy Murphy, the governor’s wife, who party bosses quickly lined up to back after she announced her bid for the seat.
Public backlash was swift, and Kim took on the party bosses in court, challenging New Jersey’s unique ballot design that gives an advantage to party favorites who snag what’s known as the county line.
His subsequent court victories, along with Murphy’s withdrawal from the race and Menendez’s corruption conviction and resignation last summer, made the past year one of the most tumultuous in New Jersey politics.
Kim, 42, will be the first U.S. senator from South Jersey in over a half-century. His win wasn’t surprising: New Jersey Republicans have not won a contest for U.S. Senate in New Jersey since the state reelected Sen. Clifford Case in 1972. Kim also raised and spent more cash than Bashaw.
When he launched his campaign, Kim vowed to restore trust and integrity in government — a promise that even cynical voters believed, given the AP photo that went viral of Kim cleaning up the Capitol after the Jan. 6 insurrection.
Kim, a father of two young boys and a former diplomat, is a three-term Congressman in the 3rd district who was first elected to the House in 2018, when he defeated the Republican incumbent, Rep. Tom MacArthur, by a slim margin in a district Donald Trump won in 2016.
In June’s primary, Kim beat two other Democrats, civil rights leader Larry Hamm and labor activist Patricia Campos-Medina. Thursday, besides Bashaw, Kim also beat four third-party candidates, Kenneth Kaplan, a Libertarian; Christina Khalil of the Green Party; Joanne Kuniansky of the Socialist Party; and Patricia Mooneyham, an independent.
Kim is expected to assume his Senate seat a bit early to replace Sen. George Helmy, a former chief of staff for Gov. Phil Murphy, who was sworn in in September to serve Menendez’s unexpired term until a general election victor is certified.
New Jersey Monitor is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. New Jersey Monitor maintains editorial independence. Contact Editor Terrence T. McDonald for questions: info@newjerseymonitor.com. Follow New Jersey Monitor on Facebook and X.
Green Party candidate Jill Stein fires back at 'spoiler' accusations
Jill Stein, who previously ran for president in 2012 and 2016 said her left-wing platform as the "anti-genocide, pro-worker, climate emergency" candidate is resonating with voters like never before (JEFF KOWALSKY/AFP)
U.S. Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein says she's riding a wave of support unlike anything she's experienced in past campaigns -- and is unfazed by warnings that her run could tip the scales in Donald Trump's favor in a tight race.
Speaking to AFP after polls closed in Michigan, where her outspoken criticism of US support for Israel has struck a chord with the battleground state's large Muslim and Arab-American communities, the 74-year-old took aim at Democrats for branding her a "spoiler."
"This is self-serving propaganda," said Stein at a watch party in Dearborn, home to the United States' largest concentration of people of Middle Eastern heritage.
"They're basically trying to blame and shame voters for exercising their values and for participating in the competition that elections are supposed to represent."
Democrat Kamala Harris is locked in an extremely tight race against Trump, including in Michigan, and her supporters fear that Stein will siphon crucial slivers of votes.
But Stein, who previously ran for president in 2012 and 2016 and made two earlier unsuccessful bids for governor of Massachusetts, said her left-wing platform as the "anti-genocide, pro-worker, climate emergency" candidate is resonating with voters like never before.
"I'm not used to people walking up to me on the street -- strangers crying, hugging, and thanking me for trying to save their family," she said, celebrating her diverse coalition of support, which includes Muslim, Jewish, LGBTQ communities, and more.
Stein's platform demands an immediate end to US support for Israel's military actions in Gaza and Lebanon, the lifting of the aid blockade, and the release of all hostages and political prisoners.
- 'Wind at our back' -
She draws strength from her own background.
Growing up in a Reform Jewish household in the shadow of the Holocaust, her community grappled with existential questions: Is there life after genocide? How do you restore faith in the world?
"In my circles, the answer to that was, we affirm life after genocide by resolving that we will not allow this to happen again," she says -- a philosophy that's guided her from a medical career to activism and politics. "The mother of all illnesses is our sick political system," she added.
While the Green Party aims to crack five percent of the national vote — unlocking around $12 million in federal funds to scale up operations — polling suggests that's a long long shot, with numbers hovering around one percent.
The party has faced uphill battles for ballot access, which Stein blames on Democrats and "their army of lawyers" for deploying underhanded tactics to keep the Greens off ballots.
Still, Stein says attacks from Democratic heavyweights like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez -- who labeled her "not serious" and "predatory" -- and hostility from Democratic-leaning platforms such as The Breakfast Club radio show, have only energized the Green base.
"We have huge work ahead," she acknowledged, but added she's emboldened "that we could prevail against the Democratic smear machine."
"I think the wind is at our back. This is a perfect storm, and we're going to be growing and surging forward from here."
LET THE FINGER POINTING BEGIN
Joe Biden blamed for Donald Trump's re-election win
"The Democrats then could have then selected somebody the usual way, with primaries," Daly wrote. "Maybe Josh Shapiro, Pennsylvania’s governor, would have been a candidate. Maybe it would have been Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan’s governor. The result could have actually been the first woman president."
"Whoever it was, he or she would have been the party’s choice," he added. "And the duly chosen candidate would have been in a better position than Vice President Kamala Harris was to call Donald Trump a threat to democracy."
Harris was saddled with Biden's unpopular record, and Trump was able to mute her criticism on his own record.
"One thing Trump was right about was that Harris had become the Democratic candidate without a single vote," Daly wrote. "Too much else of what Trump said was dangerously false. But he is going to the White House nonetheless."
A CNN roundtable on Tuesday debated the apparent strong performance of former President Donald Trump in the 2024 election, following his apparent locking down of North Carolina — and the subject turned to how voters perceive the economy.
"Generally speaking, he is overperforming with what he did in 2020 and she is underperforming what Joe Biden did in 2020. At this point, it's a narrow defeat for Harris," said Chris Wallace.
"The other thing about North Carolina, you do have kind of a sense of the country in the state of North Carolina, in that, there are growing minority populations, and there is a growing suburban, maybe more moderate population in and around the big cities, so that is why the Harris campaign thought with the dynamics of the country right now that she would have a better shot," said Dana Bash.
"But look, the headwinds of the economy, the inflation that people are feeling, the difficulty in their everyday lives."
"She could not outrun the Biden economy," agreed Audie Cornish.
GOP U.S. Rep. Lauren Boebert, who won a House seat on Tuesday in a Colorado district to which she moved halfway through her term, called on fellow Republicans to "rally behind President Trump to secure his third term."
In a comment posted on Facebook, Boebert said she is "deeply honored and humbled to have earned your trust, your vote, and the opportunity to represent you in the United States Congress."
"This victory is not just mine; it is ours. It belongs to every hard-working family, every farmer, every rancher, every small business owner, and every patriot in our district who believes in the principles that built our great nation," she said. "Together, we have sent a clear message to Washington: Colorado's 4th District will not bend to the whims of the establishment or the pressures of dark money."
She continued:
"To my opponents, I extend my hand in partnership because, at the end of the day, we all want what's best for Colorado and America. To my team, my tireless volunteers, and my family, your dedication has been the backbone of this victory. They’ve knocked on doors, made calls, and shared our message with passion and sincerity. Without them, this victory wouldn't be possible."
She then included a line that raised some eyebrows:
"This is not the end but a beginning. We have work to do. We need to ensure that our Republican majority in the House remains strong, and we must rally behind President Trump to secure his third term."
Local journalist Kyle Clark flagged the development on social media Wednesday, noting, "The 22nd Amendment says 'no personal shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice.' This may be Boebert nodding to Trump's false claim that he was elected to a second term in 2020. Not sure. It's late. Or early. Or both.
Trump just claimed victory, ushering in a “golden age” for America according to him. You might just be able to join enough dots to remember his last Golden Age and how well that turned out.
There’s a difference this time, though. Republicans have the Senate and just possibly the House, although they don’t have that yet. That means that Project 2025 is at least a possibility.
This fizzy little fun-loving manifesto includes gutting Social Security, Medicare, and education. These three are long-time Republican whipping boys, and the new legislature looks hostile to them.
What seems to be a wholesale massacre of law enforcement and security agencies is also part of this agenda. You can imagine the huge dislocation of government functions and general chaos that’s likely to cause. It’s a sort of ideological frenzy of putting rhetoric into practice. Everyone’s more “conservative” than everyone else.
The one thing that’s not getting mentioned is the real economy as it applies to Americans. Exactly what’s to be done about debt, a surreal housing market, the credit market, and everything else isn’t clear.
This is a flight to fantasy, not practical government. The sheer senility of these outdated policies from the 1930s and before makes them impractical at best and national suicide at worst. You can’t talk your way through creditors, as Donald Trump well knows. Still less can you talk your way through a planet full of major corporate and national creditors.
It’s also been a long flight to naivete. A guy who famously couldn’t pass a background check to work at McDonalds will just wave a magic cap and everything will be fine? The poor will be rich? The homeless will be housed? The sick will be healed? Crime will end?
No.
You didn’t just elect candidates, either. You’ve also just elected a large number of largely people who didn’t bother to stand for election, quite possibly people you’ve never heard of. The backers of politicians are not charities. They’re in it for their own gain, and that’s what usually happens.
The Democrats didn’t connect with the other side at all. A weak message was a weak message. If not for an unfortunate debate, Biden probably would have beaten Trump.
That’s not Harris’ fault. The fault is fundamental with the liberal side of politics. The insular “Left” (left of what, Walmart?) has never had the market reach to contact the other side. It’s also never really had the inclination. There was no real point of contact.
Who wants to talk to rednecks, religious nuts, and fascists? Guess. This is a variation of Rupert Murdoch’s idea that the American conservatives were an underexploited market, so he created that market. He was right, and he’s right again this time.Donald Trump’s violent rhetoric is escalating as the US election climaxes – Copyright AFP Patrick T. Fallon
If you can’t or won’t communicate with people, why do you expect them to vote for you?
People are very tired of telling you that, and you don’t listen.
Foreign policy is going to be the usual Trump train wreck. Last time he was a meandering series of insults to all of America’s allies. Europe and other Western nations will have to support Ukraine and have been preparing to do so for a while. Trump can’t really help Russia, which is now too far gone to recover from its war and internal fragmentation, but he can throw spanners in the works.
China will simply allow Trump to talk himself to death at his own expense. Like it or not, China and the US are glued at the hip in trade. Tariffs are paid by the importer, not the exporter, so that’s more cost to American pockets for everything coming from China.
From there on it’s just a choice of possible internal and external disasters. Iran? Israel? Both? State secesssions? Tax cuts to reduce revenue so America has to borrow? Race wars? Water? Food? Energy? Cost of living?
You can’t expect democracy to work in a country that no longer understands it or how it works. When the Soviet Union fell, the rich criminals moved in and stole all the public assets,
If this is the “Russification of America”, it’s not going to be pretty – Or brief. It took 20 years to turn the place into less of a mess. It’s just that America is so much bigger and messier.
Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this Op-Ed are those of the author. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the Digital Journal or its members.
Vitamin D during pregnancy boosts children’s bone health even at age seven
University of Southampton
Children whose mothers took extra vitamin D during pregnancy continue to have stronger bones at age seven, according to new research led by the University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton (UHS).
Bone density scans revealed that children born to mothers who were given vitamin D supplements during pregnancy have greater bone mineral density in mid-childhood. Their bones contain more calcium and other minerals, making them stronger and less likely to break.
Researchers say the findings, published inThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, reinforce the importance of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy as a public health strategy.
Dr Rebecca Moon, NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Child Health at the University of Southampton led the analysis. She said: “Our findings show that the benefits of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy persist into mid-childhood.
“This early intervention represents an important public health strategy. It strengthens children’s bones and reduces the risk of conditions like osteoporosis and fractures in later life.”
Vitamin D regulates the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body - minerals essential for bones, teeth and muscle health.
In 2009, researchers launched the MAVIDOS study, recruiting over 1000 women from Southampton, Oxford and Sheffield.
During their pregnancy, the women were randomly allocated to two groups: One group took an extra 1,000 International Units per day of vitamin D. The other took a placebo tablet each day. The pregnant women, and the doctors and midwives looking after them, did not know which group they were in.
Previous research assessed the children’s bone health at four years of age and the results showed that the child’s bone mass was greater in children born to mothers who had had vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy compared with those who had not.
In this latest study, the researchers investigated whether the effects on bone health continued into mid-childhood. The team followed up with 454 children aged six to seven. These children were all born to mothers who took part in Southampton.
The results confirmed that the beneficial effect on children’s bones was similar at ages four and six to seven.
Pregnant women in the UK are now routinely advised to take vitamin D supplements.
The Southampton research team are part of the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre (MRC LEC) and the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (BRC).
The MAVIDOS trial has helped the Southampton researchers understand possible mechanisms linking maternal vitamin D supplementation with offspring bone mass. In 2018 they demonstrated that the vitamin D supplementation led to changes in the activity of genes forming part of the vitamin D pathway.
In 2022, they found taking the supplements during pregnancy could substantially reduce the chances of babies up to a year old suffering from atopic eczema.
Professor Nicholas Harvey is Director of the University’s MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Professor of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology and project lead.
He said: “These findings add to the important knowledge generated through the MAVIDOS trial.
“We extend our heartfelt thanks to all the mothers and children involved. Their contributions have advanced our understanding of vitamin D supplementation and its role in supporting strong and healthy bones.”
The research was funded by Versus Arthritis, the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health and Care Research and the Bupa Foundation.
Ends
Contact
Steve Williams, Media Manager, University of Southampton, press@soton.ac.uk or 023 8059 3212.
For Interviews with Dr Rebecca Moon and Prof Nicholas Harvey please contact Steve Williams, Media Manager, University of Southampton press@soton.ac.uk or 023 8059 3212.
Additional information
The University of Southampton drives original thinking, turns knowledge into action and impact, and creates solutions to the world’s challenges. We are among the top 100 institutions globally (QS World University Rankings 2025). Our academics are leaders in their fields, forging links with high-profile international businesses and organisations, and inspiring a 22,000-strong community of exceptional students, from over 135 countries worldwide. Through our high-quality education, the University helps students on a journey of discovery to realise their potential and join our global network of over 200,000 alumni. www.southampton.ac.uk
Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Article Publication Date
5-Nov-2024
COI Statement
RJM has received travel bursaries from Kyowa Kirin unrelated to this work. EMC has received travel bursaries or lecture fees from Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Thornton and Ross, and UCB, unrelated to this work. KMG has received reimbursement for speaking at conferences sponsored by companies selling nutritional products, and is part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestec, BenevolentAI Bio Ltd., and Danone, outside the submitted work. MKJ reports consultancy and speaker fees from UCB, Amgen, and Kyowa Kirin. CC reports personal fees from ABBH, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, and Takeda, outside the submitted work. NCH reports personal fees, consultancy, lecture fees and honoraria from Alliance for Better Bone Health, AMGEN, MSD, Eli Lilly, Servier, Theramex, Shire, Consilient Healthcare, Kyowa Kirin, and Internis Pharma, outside the submitted work. KAW received Honoraria from Abbott Nutrition unrelated to this work. IS, SRC, and SD declare no conflicts of interest related to the submitted work.
New research may lead to potatoes that are less reliant on nitrogen fertilizers
Wiley
Because nitrogen fertilizers contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions, scientists are looking for ways to modify agricultural plants so that they rely on less nitrogen. In research published in New Phytologist, investigators have found that blocking a particular protein may achieve this goal in potatoes.
The protein, called Solanum tuberosum CYCLING DOF FACTOR 1 (StCDF1), binds to DNA and plays a key role in regulating tuberization in potatoes. In this latest research, investigators found that StCDF1 modulates nitrogen-related gene expression. Blocking StCDF1 improved plant performance in low nitrogen environments.
Additional Information NOTE: The information contained in this release is protected by copyright. Please include journal attribution in all coverage. For more information or to obtain a PDF of any study, please contact: Sara Henning-Stout, newsroom@wiley.com.
About the Journal New Phytologist is an international journal publishing outstanding original research in plant science and its applications. Research falls into five sections: Physiology & Development, Environment, Interaction, Evolution, and Transformative Plant Biotechnology. Topics covered range from intracellular processes through to global environmental change. New Phytologist is owned by the New Phytologist Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of plant science.
About Wiley Wiley is one of the world’s largest publishers and a trusted leader in research and learning. Our industry-leading content, services, platforms, and knowledge networks are tailored to meet the evolving needs of our customers and partners, including researchers, students, instructors, professionals, institutions, and corporations. We empower knowledge-seekers to transform today’s biggest obstacles into tomorrow’s brightest opportunities. For more than two centuries, Wiley has been delivering on its timeless mission to unlock human potential. Visit us at Wiley.com. Follow us on Facebook, X, LinkedIn and Instagram.
StCDF1: A ‘jack of all trades’ clock output with a central role in regulating potato nitrate reduction activity
Article Publication Date
6-Nov-2024
Microbes in mouth reflect lifestyle choices
New study in Nepal reveals that oral microbiomes differ among traditional foragers, agriculturalists and industrialists, and with behaviors like smoking and diet
Penn State
UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. — Lifestyle can shape the composition of beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms within the mouth, according to a new study led by Penn State biologists. The international team revealed how the “oral microbiome” differs over a range of subsistence strategies—from nomadic hunter gatherers to farmers to industrialized groups—and found that lifestyle, as well as specific lifestyle factors like smoking, can shape the microbiome. A paper describing the results appears Nov. 4 in the journal Microbiome.
A healthy oral microbiome, a community of microorganisms live in the mouth, plays an important role in aiding in the digestion of food, immune system support and protecting against invading pathogens, while an unhealthy oral microbiome has been linked to a variety of diseases in humans.
“The oral microbiome has been understudied, and most studies of the oral microbiome have been conducted in Western populations,” said Emily Davenport, assistant professor of biology in the Penn State Eberly College of Science and leader of the research team. “Although we have learned a lot from that, microbiomes look different around the world. By studying how the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome varies with lifestyle in a global context, we can improve our knowledge of how the oral microbiome impacts human health.”
In a study of 63 Nepali individuals representing spectrum of dietary practices, the researchers examined how major lifestyle factors like subsistence strategy—how a person obtains the necessities of life like food and shelter—as well as more specific factors and behaviors, like smoking, may be contributing to differences in the microbiomes across populations.
“We know from previous studies that there are differences in the microbiome between individuals that live in highly industrialized, Westernized societies and those that are nomadic hunter gatherers, but there is a broad spectrum of lifestyles between those,” said Erica Ryu, graduate student in biology in the Penn State Eberly College of Science and first author of the paper. “Our understanding of these relationships so far has been clouded by geography; it’s difficult to make statements about the impact of lifestyles when you are comparing people in different countries with, for example, different climates, access to medical care, and exposure to diseases. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the oral microbiome of individuals across a range of lifestyles from the same country, Nepal.”
The researchers studied the oral microbiomes of people from groups with a variety of subsistence strategies. These included foragers, who are hunters and gatherers and may not live in one location for the entire year; subsistence farmers who are hunter gatherers from groups that recently settled and began farming in the past 50 years; agriculturalists from groups that have relied on farming for several centuries; industrialists, who are expatriates from Nepal that immigrated to the United States within the last 20 years; as well as a group of industrialists who were born in the same area of the United States for comparison. They also asked a variety of questions about lifestyle, including diet, education, medical practices, and other behaviors.
The researchers sequenced the DNA of the microbes within saliva samples to determine the specific species of bacteria within each individual’s oral microbiome. They found that the composition of species within the oral microbiome tended to follow the gradient of subsistence strategies, with some specific species more prominent in foragers and one species more prominent in the industrialists, suggesting that lifestyle does indeed impact the oral microbiome.
Additionally, the presence of several species of microbes were related to specific lifestyle factors, including smoking, the prominent type of grains in an individual’s diet — barley and maize vs. rice and wheat — and consumption of a plant called nettle. The researchers note that previous research has associated consistent smoking with oral microbiome composition in industrialized populations, and collectively this suggests that smoking habits play an important role in determining the oral microbiome across a variety of lifestyles.
“It makes sense that different microbes might feed on the different grains in a person’s diet, but it’s interesting that we also see an association with sisnu, also called nettle,” Davenport said. “Nettle is a fibrous plant often chewed by the foragers in this study, much like people might chew gum. Given its important role in Nepali cuisine, culture and medicine, it’s interesting to see it is associated with oral microbes.”
The researchers stressed the importance of including lifestyle factors and behaviors in future microbiome studies as well as including populations from around the world.
“We studied populations in Nepal because it offered a unique way to explore the effects of lifestyle while controlling for a variety of other factors like geography that often obscure that effect,” Davenport said. “But it highlights the impact of lifestyle factors that likely play a role in other populations.
“Whenever you make a shift—whether it’s to a different diet or different location or different culture—the microbiome can change too, and it’s important to understand to what extent and how quickly these changes occur,” she added. “Continuing to investigate how oral microbiomes vary across the globe will help improve our understanding of what exactly shapes the microbiome and how that impacts human health.”
In addition to Davenport and Ryu, the research team at Penn State includes Meera Gupta, undergraduate student at the time of the research. The team also includes Yoshina Gautam, Ahmed Shibl, and Aashish Jha from New York University, Abu Dhabi; Diana Proctor from University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Dinesh Bhandari, Sarmila Tandukar, and Jeevan Bahadur Sherchand from the Institute of Medicine in Maharajgunj, Nepal; Guru Prasad Gautam from Tribhuvan University in Nepal; and David Relman from Stanford University.
Funding from the National Institutes of Health, Stanford University, and New York University Abu Dhabi supported this work.