Israel’s New Campaign of “Terrorism Warfare” Across Lebanon
What we know about Israel's bloody attacks targeting consumer electronic devices in Lebanon
Source: X
For the second day in a row, electronic devices across Lebanon, including walkie talkies, exploded on Wednesday, killing 14 people and injuring over 450, according to Lebanon’s health ministry.
The attack came one day after thousands of pagers across the country exploded at the same time, killing eleven people—including a 9-year-old child—and wounding nearly 3,000, including many civilians and government and hospital workers. Hezbollah and the Lebanese government blamed Israel for the attacks.
“Everyone’s scared to send text messages, to make calls, and they’re afraid to open laptops. It’s definitely led to some level of complete disorientation, fear, confusion, paranoia. It has huge psychological effects,” said Amal Saad, a leading expert on Hezbollah. “People have started to say, ‘Okay, this is going to be the new type of warfare. This is going to be how they’re going to fight. It’s going to be terrorism warfare. So this is the new normal now.’ People are preparing themselves for more of this.”
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu released a brief video statement on Wednesday after the second round of attacks. “I have said it before: We will return the citizens of the north to their homes in security, and that’s exactly what we are going to do.”
“We have many capabilities that we have not yet activated,” Israeli lieutenant general Herzi Halevi said, regarding Israel’s plans for military operations at the northern border with Lebanon.
The second attack appeared timed to cause total panic among the civilian population and to undermine confidence in Hezbollah’s ability to control and contain Israel’s assault. On Wednesday, multiple explosions went off at a funeral for some of those killed on Tuesday, according to the AP whose reporters witnessed the attack.
“I’m starting to realize,” Saad said, “the objective behind this was to terrorize and paralyze and demoralize.”
Hezbollah’s leader Hassan Nasrallah is scheduled to give a public speech Thursday where he is expected to address how these attacks were conducted and to lay out the group’s plans for a military response. “Hezbollah has to respond and will respond,” Saad said. Israel, she said, has at times denied or downplayed the effectiveness of Hezbollah’s attacks. To restore morale, “you need it to be indisputable that Hezbollah did this,” she said. “If it’s a different type of response that Israel can conceal and hide, I’m not sure how effective that’s going to be.”
At approximately 3:30 p.m. local time on Tuesday, thousands of pagers across Lebanon sprang to life, beeping and vibrating. The message on the screen indicated an error. “The message was: Fault. Fault. And it continued to beep and heat up before the explosion of the pager,” said Ali Jezzini, a security analyst and journalist in Lebanon who has been speaking to hospital workers treating the wounded.
Many victims, he said, lifted the devices to examine the pagers and as they did so, they exploded, causing injuries to their faces and hands. “It did give a code and it continued to ring and vibrate. So that’s why they had to hold it in their hands to check what’s happening. It was faulty, it was not responding, so that’s why they kept it in front of their faces and the palms of their hands, because they’re trying to figure out what’s wrong with it. That’s why most of the injuries are like that. It didn’t explode right away.”
The widespread physical injuries are intended to have a larger psychological effect, according to Jezzini. “I would compare it to an operation made by the Americans in Vietnam where they actually planted faulty ammunition that made the guns explode for the Viet Cong on the NVA and during the Vietnam war,” said Jezzini, referring to an operation called Project Eldest Son.
“Psychologically, it does actually help to, you know, make the fighter lose confidence in his equipment. That’s the aim.” He compared it to a psyop, intended to “alter the perception of Hezbollah’s leadership” and perhaps force it into a ceasefire.
Speaking to Israeli troops at the Ramat David Airbase on Wednesday, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant made no mention of the explosions but he did declare “the start of a new phase in the war” saying, “the center of gravity is moving north. We are diverting forces, resources, and energy toward the north.”
The United Nations Security Council will meet on Friday over the attacks following a request by Algeria on behalf of Arab states.
Experts are still searching for the precise mechanism that triggered the explosions in the pagers yesterday. The most likely scenario, based on available evidence, is that the pagers were rigged with some form of explosive material or mechanism before being delivered to Lebanon. That would mean Israeli agents were able to access the devices at the point of manufacture or to interdict the supply chain. Officials in Lebanon have said they believe the pagers contained 10-20 grams of explosive material. The devices were then detonated through a message, code, or pulse pushed to the devices, which triggered whatever mechanism had been installed.
“I have to give credit to those that fabricated those pagers, very ingenious,” said Mike Vining, a legend in the world of U.S. covert operations, one of the first members of Delta Force and an expert on explosives. “When I was in the military at my old job we developed a lot of tricks. I am saddened about the fact that innocent people were injured. The goal is never to hurt the innocent.”
Vining told Drop Site News that he had no inside knowledge of the operation in Lebanon, but offered some plausible theories on how the pagers were rigged and detonated. “Probably had some pure PETN explosives in the pagers,” he said, referring to pentaerythritol tetranitrate, a highly explosive substance. “I believe from what I see, first the lithium battery is shorted and explodes and that causes the PETN to detonate. What makes me think this is that the pager got hot and smoked first. A single signal must have been what triggered the reaction.”
“Sources today in Lebanon were saying that the [pagers] have passed the inspections on multiple airports, such as X-rays,” said Jezzini, making it difficult to place blame on one single agency for allowing the attack to happen.
Reporting by Al-Monitor and Axios has suggested that Israel decided to move forward with the attack out of concerns that Hezbollah was on the brink of discovering the rigged pagers, but this remains unconfirmed. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres also echoed the point at a briefing at UN headquarters: “What has happened is particularly serious, not only because of the number of victims that it caused, but because of the indications that exist that this was triggered, I would say, in advance of a normal way to trigger these things, because there was a risk of this being discovered.”
Multiple news outlets have reported that Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant informed U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin that Israel was going to carry out an operation in Lebanon, but offered no specifics. The U.S. has officially denied any involvement or foreknowledge of the plot. “We were not aware of this operation and we were not involved in it,” said U.S. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller on Tuesday.
The model of the pagers matches that of a model manufactured by a Taiwanese company called Gold Apollo. Images of damaged devices shared online after the blasts showed labeling matching the AR-924 model built by the company, along with the company name.
The AR-924 was listed on the company’s website prior to its removal this week. In statements issued by the company after the attacks, Gold Apollo denied manufacturing the product and said the model in question is produced and sold by BAC Consulting KFT, a Hungarian company that had been authorized to use its branding. In public comments, Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs said that its records showed no direct exports to Lebanon by Gold Apollo.
The president of Gold Apollo, Hsu Ching-Kuang, told the press that a year after signing their partnership, BAC made the unusual request to design its own products but with Gold Apollo’s trademark. According to Hsu, payments to Gold Apollo from BAC reportedly came from a bank account registered to an unnamed country in the Middle East, causing occasional delays and freezes in payment, despite BAC being based in Hungary, an arrangement he called “strange.”
BAC is based in Budapest and was established in 2022, publicly available information shows. A company website, since taken offline, describes the role of BAC in developing, “international technology cooperation among countries for the sale of telecommunication products,” and “scaling up a business from Asia to new markets.”
Business records listed for the company in Hungary show around $584,000 in revenue for the company in 2023 along with only $320 in fixed assets. Reporters from the Associated Press who visited the building listed as the headquarters of BAC in a residential neighborhood of Budapest found a building used as a site for headquarter addresses of multiple companies.
The CEO of the company is listed as Cristiana Bársony-Arcidiacono. A LinkedIn page for Bársony-Arcidiacono indicates that, prior to her role at BAC she had previously worked for the European Commission, as well as a “strategic advisor” for consulting firms in various countries. (The EU Commission denied she was ever a staff member, but could not rule out the possibility she worked as a contractor.) After the attacks, Bársony-Arcidiacono was quoted in press reports confirming her company’s licensing arrangement with Gold Apollo, but stating, “I don’t make the pagers. I am just the intermediate. I think you got it wrong.”
In a statement posted on Twitter on Wednesday, Zoltan Kovacs, a spokesperson for the government of Hungary, also called BAC “a trading intermediary, with no manufacturing or operational site” in the country. “The referenced devices have never been in Hungary,” he added.
Globally, many condemned Israel’s use of such a widespread tactic that, by design, would clearly harm and kill civilians. “It’s not just fighters” being maimed, Saad said. “Hezbollah is such a huge grassroots organization, there are so many people who work [in its civil institutions]. My friend’s cousin lost his eyes and his fingers yesterday because he’s a nurse in Al Rassoul Al Azam Hospital. He’s a part time nurse in that hospital, but he’s a student. And there are many, many people who are connected to Hezbollah in this way just through part time work.”
“Customary international humanitarian law prohibits the use of booby traps – objects that civilians are likely to be attracted to or are associated with normal civilian daily use – precisely to avoid putting civilians at grave risk and produce the devastating scenes that continue to unfold across Lebanon,” Lama Fakih, Middle East and North Africa Director at Human Rights Watch, said in a statement.
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez called for information from the U.S. State Department as to whether any funding from the U.S. went into the attack. “This attack clearly and unequivocally violates international humanitarian law and undermines US efforts to prevent a wider conflict,” she posted on Twitter. “Congress needs a full accounting of the attack, including an answer from the State Department as to whether any US assistance went into the development or deployment of this technology.”
“It’s the only way to wage war for the Israelis, the dirty war,” said Jezzini. “They are aiming to change the whole perspective of the world on how to wage war and what is legitimate or not to survive. So instead of complying with international law, they are trying to change the whole concept of international law. That is real danger here.”
Jeremy Scahill has reported from Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Yemen, Nigeria, the former Yugoslavia, and elsewhere across the globe. Scahill has served as the national security correspondent for The Nation and Democracy Now!. Scahill's work has sparked several congressional investigations and won some of journalism’s highest honors. He was twice awarded the prestigious George Polk Award, in 1998 for foreign reporting and in 2008 for “Blackwater.” Scahill is a producer and writer of the award-winning film “Dirty Wars,” which premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival and was nominated for an Academy Award.
Taiwan questions two in probe into Hezbollah pagers
By AFP
September 20, 2024
Hsu Ching-kuang speaking to reporters on September 18 when he denied his Gold Apollo company had anything to do with the exploding Hezbollah pagers - Copyright AFP Yan ZHAO
Two people from Taiwanese companies were questioned multiple times as part of a probe into pagers that exploded while being used by Hezbollah operatives in Lebanon, Taipei investigators said Friday.
Questions and speculation have swirled over where the devices came from and how they were supplied to Hezbollah, after hundreds of pagers and walkie-talkies detonated across Lebanon on Tuesday and Wednesday, killing at least 37 people and wounded nearly 3,000.
The New York Times reported this week that Israel had inserted explosive material into a shipment of pagers from Taiwan’s Gold Apollo, citing American and other anonymous officials.
But Gold Apollo’s head Hsu Ching-kuang denied producing the devices, pointing the finger instead at Hungary-based partner BAC Consulting KFT, who it allowed to use its trademark.
On Thursday, as part of a probe by Taiwanese investigators, Hsu and a woman from a different company were questioned by prosecutors.
Local media reported that the woman questioned was Wu Yu-jen, a representative connected to BAC Consulting KFT, who had set up a company based in Taipei called “Apollo Systems”.
“Our country takes the case very seriously,” said the prosecutors office from Taipei’s Shilin district in a statement Friday.
“We instructed the Investigation Bureau’s national security station to further interview two people from Taiwanese companies as witnesses yesterday.”
The two witnesses were allowed to leave after multiple rounds of questioning.
“We will clarify the facts as soon as possible such as whether Taiwanese companies are involved or not,” the office said.
It also said investigators searched four locations, including in New Taipei City’s Xizhi district, where Gold Apollo is located, and Taipei’s Neihu district.
Neihu district is the listed address of Apollo Systems, according to a company register website, which also showed that the firm was established in April this year.
Wu did not speak to reporters when she was brought in for questioning, according to local TV footage.
Hsu, who was shuttled back and forth between his office and the prosecutors office on Thursday, also declined to comment on the investigation.
Earlier this week, his company said the pager model mentioned in media reports “is produced and sold by BAC”.
But a Hungarian government spokesman said BAC Consulting KFT was “a trading intermediary, with no manufacturing or operational site in Hungary”.
The Pager Attack: Will There Be an Impact on Trade in the Mideast?
There is no forensic proof that ties Israel definitively to the attack on Hezbollah members (and the Iranian ambassador) in Lebanon on September 17. But from a risk analysis perspective, it should be a working assumption that Israel was responsible.
It appears that Israel has a track record of delivering similar such ‘supply chain’ attacks. In August 2023, after a series of unexplained explosions in ballistic missiles, Iranian authorities discovered that electrical connector devices procured from Russia had been swapped out for identical-looking devices within which a small explosive charge on a long-delay fuse had been concealed. Besides damage caused by missiles already deployed in silos, the whole missile fleet had to be taken offline while each missile was cleared of intruder devices.
The assassination of Ismail Haniyah in Tehran on July 31, 2024 is believed to have been carried out with a different intruder device: a bomb smuggled into the target’s bedroom, based on the prediction that Haniyah would at some unknown time in the future be billeted in the room.
The devastating and deeply humiliating character of the pager attacks poses a major headache for Hezbollah. Its retaliation and response needs to be of a similar scale and effect. Thus the customary response of firing drones and missiles into northern Israel - which are more a nuisance than damaging - would be considered inadequate. A massive increase in the scale of such attacks might suffice, but risks drawing the United States into the conflict as Israel’s backstop defender.
Any Israeli counter-strikes into Lebanon would also upset the modus vivendi between the Lebanese state and Hezbollah, whose presence is tolerated only on the general understanding that it does not compromise the Lebanese state. Israel is likely to know if Hezbollah has a trump card or a doomsday response already prepared; but if it does have such knowledge, and Hezbollah has a plan for such a contingency, then this did not inhibit the initiation of the pager attack. A home-grown Hezbollah response is likely therefore to be a long-term aspiration.
In these circumstances, Hezbollah might normally look to its sponsor - Iran - for help. Indeed, the pager attacks threaten the credibility and value of Iran’s long-term commitment to Hezbollah, Iran’s most successful Axis of Resistance investment. An Iranian desire to exact revenge will be high. But despite promises to do so, Iran has not yet attempted to retaliate for the assassination of Ismail Haniyah.
Indeed, Iran appears nervous and defensive at present. Statements from air defense, air force and navy commanders in recent weeks have all focused on Iran’s ability to defend itself, as opposed to the Iranian ability to mount attacks. Both Iran’s regular and IRGC navies until last week had not released details of any ship movements from many months; in the first such announcement last week, it became apparent that the 98th Flotilla rotation in the Red Sea had been extended, and that one of the ships of the 99th Flotilla deploying to replace it was a turn-around which had also formed part of the 98th Flotilla - all indicative of a fleet under pressure.
Moreover, the Houthi agreement to allow the salvage of the crude oil tanker MV Sounion in the Red Sea is likely a consequence of pressure from Iran, suggesting that back-channel communications with Iran, via Oman and elsewhere, are having some effect in calming Iranian belligerency.
Flotilla 99, with IRINS Dena (F75) and tanker/store ship IRINS Bushehr (K422), deployed to the Red Sea on 1 September 2024
On balance, it is difficult to see where the Axis of Resistance will strike back after the pager attacks. The one member of the alliance which remains undaunted however appears to be the Houthis, whose maritime attacks have been successful both politically and militarily. Being both headstrong and tactically innovative, the chances are high that the initial response will come from the Houthis - probably in the form of further attacks and kidnapping attempts at sea.
The opinions expressed herein are the author's and not necessarily those of The Maritime Executive.
Houthis Down Another Reaper Amidst Ongoing U.S. Vessel-Protection Strikes
On Monday, Yemen's Houthi rebels claimed to have shot down another American MQ-9 Reaper attack drone, a mainstay of U.S. Air Force antiterrorism operations in the Middle East.
Houthi spokesman Yahya Saree said that the group shot down the MQ-9 with a "locally-made surface-to-air missile" over Dhamar Governorate on Sunday. He claimed that it was the 10th Reaper that the group has downed in the course of its conflict with U.S. forces.
As evidence, Saree released a video purporting to show the shootdown and a second clip showing Houthi personnel combing through an apparent crash site. Some of the components visible in the footage are consistent with an MQ-9, including a three-bladed propeller at the rear of the aircraft.
U.S. defense officials did not confirm the claimed shoot-down. In a statement, U.S. Central Command said only that it destroyed one unspecified missile system in a Houthi-controlled area of Yemen on Sunday. The Houthi munition was targeted and destroyed "to protect freedom of navigation and make international waters safer." Centcom's forces regularly strike Houthi positions in order to prevent the launch of antiship missiles and drones at merchant vessels and warships in the Red Sea.
The Houthi militia is backed by Iran and benefits heavily from Iranian weapons technology, according to Western analysts. On Sunday, the group claimed that it launched a new class of "hypersonic" ballistic missile aimed at a target in central Israel, more than 1,200 miles away from the Yemeni border. The missile appears to have penetrated Israel's air defenses, and interceptors damaged but did not destroy it, Israeli officials said. Nine people suffered minor injuries from falling debris.
Israeli defense officials said that the missile was supersonic, not hypersonic, and that it did not maneuver in flight. Maneuvering hypersonic missiles require highly advanced aerospace technology, and only a handful of nations have advanced hypersonic programs.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu promised swift retaliation, and he reminded Houthi leaders of the devastating Israeli airstrike on the port of Hodeidah two months ago.
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